CIPROFLOXACIN

Introduction
 DRUG : Ciprofloxacin
 BRAND NAME : Baycip
 Company name : Bayer
 CATEGORY : Antibiotic
 Description:- Ciprofloxacin  is a
synthetic chemotherapeutic antibio
tic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. It
is a second-generation
fluoroquinolone antibacterial
Ciprofloxacin: Chemical Structure

Ciprofloxacin is a 4-quinolone antibacterial durg

Effective against gram- O
positive and gram-
negative pathogens. F CO2H

N
N
Ciprofloxacin
HN

Effective against Confers potent

pseudomonas antimicrobial activity

Ref : Drugs 1988 (35: 373-447)

Mechanism of Action:
Mechanism of Action

 Ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase enzyme which

is responsible for super coiling of DNA.
 It acts as bactericidal in bacteria which are
actively multiplying and even those which are
stationary.
 Ciprofloxacin gets concentrated in all the tissues
as the volume of distribution of drug is high,
sufficient to eradicate infections.
PHARMACOKINETICS

 Oral bioavailability – good

 Good volume of distribution.
 Eliminated from body in short time and
hence no cumulation.
 Less plasma protein binding and therefore
more drug available at tissue sites.
CIPROFLOXACIN: ANTIBACTERIAL SPECTRUM

Antibacterial spectrum ciprofloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative, gram-
positive and atypical pathogens.
Gram-positive Gram-negative Atypical
S.epidermidis E.coli, L.pneumophila
S.pneumoniae H.influenzae M.pneumoniae
S.pyogenes K.pneumoniae C.trachomatis
N.gonorrhoeae
P.mirabilis
S.typhii
Serratia,
Shigella
M.catarrhalis
Pseudomonas

Others: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Market Formulations & Strenghts:

Ciprofloxacin is available as:

 Tablets (100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg
or 1000 mg)
 Intravenous solutions (5% and 10%, 100
mL)
 Eye and ear drops
Dosage and Administration:
RECOMMENDED STARTING AND MAINTENANCE DOSES FOR
PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION

Creatinine Clearance (mL/min) Dose

 50 Usual Dosage.
 30 – 50 250 – 500 mg q 12 h
 5 – 29 250 – 500 mg q 18 h
 Patients on hemodialysis 250 – 500 mg q 24 h
or Peritoneal dialysis (after dialysis)
 Dosage Administration:

Infection Severity Dose Frequency Usuaual

Duration

Urinary Tract Acute Uncomplicated 250 mg q 12 h 3 days

Mild/Moderate 250 mg q 12 h 7 to 14
days
Severe/Complicated 500 mg q 12 h 7 to 14
days
Indications:

On promotion:
 Multi drug resistant-typoih and paratyphoid fever.
 Urinary tract infections
 Surgical prophylaxis
 Surgical bound infections
 Otitis media
 Acute sinusitis.
Indications:

General indications:
 LRTI
 ENT infections
 Infectious diarrhea, dysentery and typhoid fever
 Paratyphoid fever
 Cholera
 UTI (acute, sub acute and chronic)
 Skin and soft tissue infections
 Orthopedic infections
 Gynecological infections
 Gall bladder infections
 Gonorrhea
 Chancroid
Contraindications :

 Hypersensitivity to the drug

 Epilepsy or convulsions
 Pregnancy, lactation.
Overdose:

Overdose of ciprofloxacin may result in reversible

renal toxicity. Treatment of overdose includes
emptying of the stomach via induced vomiting or
by gastric lavage. Administration of magnesium,
aluminum, or calcium containing antacids can
reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin.
Side Effects:

 dizziness, fainting, fast or pounding heartbeat;

 sudden pain or swelling near your joints (especially in your arm or
ankle);
 diarrhea that is watery or bloody;
 confusion, hallucinations, depression, unusual thoughts or behavior;
 seizure (convulsions);
 pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, weakness;
 numbness, tingling, or unusual pain anywhere in your body;
 fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and
red skin rash; or
 the first sign of any skin rash, no matter how mild.
Adverse Effects:

 Gastro Intestinal Tract – All quinolones have varying

degrees of GIT irritation ranging from mild nausea to
severe gastritis which can be limited by administering ½ hr
after food.
 Central Nervous System effects The Pharmacodynamic
Drug interactions with NSAIDs manifest sometimes as
convulsions.
 Cardio Vascular System Toxicity.
 Phototoxicity.
Leading Manufacturing Companies:

Brand Company
 Cifron-CT  Ranbaxy
 Ciplox-TZ  Cipla
 Zoxin- TZ  FDC
 Ciprolets-A  Dr. Reddys
 Alcipro-TN  Alkem
 Quintor TZ  Torrent
 Ciprobid TZ  Zy.alidac
HIGHLIGHTS OF CIPROFLOXACIN

 The most potent fluorinated quinolone

 Has a very broad spectrum of antibacterial activity
 Ensures rapid bactericidal activity at very low
concentrations
 Is rapidly distributed and adequate levels are achieved in
most tissues and body fluids with high intracellular
concentrations in the phagocytes
 Good bioavailability with an extended half-life of elimination
CIPROFLOXACIN: A SUCCESS STORY

Ciprofloxacin, has become a remarkable

success story in the pharmaceutical industry,
not only for being the first oral antimicrobial
drug with broad spectrum that can be used to
treat day-today as well as serious infections,
but also for its penetration into the
commercial market place.