PRAYER

Classroom Policies
1. Using of cellphone/PC/tablet is not allowed
during the class. Turn it off if possible.

2. Only your ballpen, PC/tablet, notebook/piece of

paper should be in your table.

3. Going outside the classroom during the discussion

is not allowed except for emergency cases.

4. Those who will be caught talking with their

seatmate or not listening to the discussion will be
the one to answer the given questions later on.
 BENTUNG-SULIT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Brgy. Bentung, Polomolok, South Cotabato

Lesson: Exploring the

Pearson Product-Moment
Correlation

o Tea c hing
Dem
 Learning Objectives:
1. Calculate the Pearson Product-Moment
Correlation coefficient;

2. Interpret the computed correlation

coefficient in terms of strength and
direction; and

3. Apply and solve real-life problems

involving correlation analysis
 REVIEW

Correlation analysis is a statistical

method used to determine whether a
relationship between two variables
exists.
 REVIEW
Directions of Correlation
A positive correlation exists when high values of one
variable corresponds to a high values in the other variable or
low values in one variable corresponds to low values in the
other variable.

A negative correlation exists when high values in one

variable corresponds to a low values in the other variable or
low values in one variable corresponds to high values in the
other variable.

A zero correlation exists when high values in one variable

correspond to either high or low values in the other variable.
GROUP
GAME
 Instructions
1. The students will be divided into four groups. The
leader of each group will assign specific number from
1 to 5 to all of his/her members.

2. The teacher will draw a number from the box one at

a time. If your number will be drawn from the box,
you will be the one to answer the given question to be
flashed on the screen.

3. After the game, the scores of each group will be

added to the next round of group activity.
For each case, determine the direction of
the correlation.
Question No. 1

The more time is spent in

studying her lessons in
Science, the higher is the
average grade of Ms.
Mariel.
 Question No. 2

If the population of fox in

a forest increases, the
number of deer decreases.
 Question No. 3

The more students who

enrolled in BSNHS, the
more teachers are needed.
 Question No. 4

Based on science research,

as a person getting older,
his memory decreases.
 Question No. 5

In economics, as the
demand increases on a
particular product, its price
also increases.
 Question No. 6

The weight of a person and

his/her skill in problem
solving.
 Question No. 7

The GNP and the ratio of

the number of families
having a car in a country.
 GROUP ACTIVITY
Task: Fill-in the box with the correct answer. After 5 minutes,
the output of each group will be checked. Group 1 will check
the output of group 2 and vice-versa, then group 3 and 4 will do
the same.
Problem: The following data shows the scores of five students
in Statistics and Physics class. Determine if there is a
relationship between the scores in Statistics and Physics.
Interpret the results.

Student Scores in Statistics Scores in Physics

(X) (Y)
Rodolfo 3 5
Jeaneth 9 8
Ruel 10 10
Fely 12 9
Ariane 7 8
Student
X Y X2 Y2 XY
Rodolfo
3 5 9
Jeaneth
9 8
Ruel
10 10 100
Fely
12 9 81
Ariane
7 8 49
 
S X= S Y=40 S X2= S Y2=334 S XY=
ANSWERS
Student
X Y X2 Y2 XY
Rodolfo
3 5 9 25 15

Jeaneth
9 8 81 64 72

Ruel
10 10 100 100 100

Fely
12 9 144 81 108

Ariane
7 8 49 64 56

 
S X=41 S Y=40 S X2=383 S Y2=334 S XY=351
 ANALYSIS
1. How do you find the activity?

2. How do you get the values of

X2, Y2 and XY? What operation
did you use?

3. What is the name of this

mathematical sign S?
4. What is the meaning of
summation?

5. How do you get the values of the

SX, SY, SX2, SY2 and SXY?

6. How do we get the degree of

relationship between the scores in
Statistics and Physics? How do we
interpret the results?
What is Pearson Product-
Moment Correlation
Statisticians devised quantitative ways to measure
the association between two variables. The strength
of correlation is indicated by the coefficient of
correlation.

There are several coefficients of correlation. One

that is most commonly used is Pearson Product-
Moment Correlation, symbolized by r, named in
honor of the statistician who did a lot of research
on this area, Karl Pearson.
What is Pearson Product-
Moment Correlation

 
To compute r, we use the formula,

where n is the number of samples.

What is Pearson Product-
Moment Correlation
 The value r is called the Pearson
correlation coefficient. It indicates the
degree of relationship between two
variables.

 The maximum value that r can take is

either +1 or -1.
 
Interpretation on the strength or the degree of
relationship between two variables using the r
value.

Pearson r Qualitative Description

Perfect correlation
Very High correlation
Moderately High correlation
Moderately low correlation
Very low correlation
0 No correlation
 Example 1. Determine if there is a relationship
between the scores in Statistics and Physics in
Activity 1. Interpret the results.

n=5, S X=41, S Y=40,

S X2=383, S Y2=334, S XY=351
Solutions:
  𝑛 ∑ 𝑋𝑌 − ∑ 𝑋 ∙ ∑ 𝑌
𝑟=
2 2
√[ 2
𝑛 ∑ 𝑋 − (∑ 𝑋 ) ][ 2
𝑛 ∑ 𝑌 − (∑ 𝑌 ) ]
  5 ( 351 ) −( 41)( 40)
𝑟=
2 2
√ [ 5 ( 383 ) − ( 41 ) ] [ 5 ( 334 ) − ( 40 ) ]
  1755 −1640
𝑟=
√ [ 1915 −1681 ] [ 1670 −1600 ]
  𝑛 ∑ 𝑋𝑌 − ∑ 𝑋 ∙ ∑ 𝑌
𝑟=
2 2
√ [ 𝑛∑ 𝑋 2
− (∑ 𝑋 ) ] [ 𝑛∑ 𝑌 2
− (∑ 𝑌 ) ]
  5 ( 351 ) −(41)(40)
¿
2 2
√ [ 5 ( 383 ) − ( 41 ) ][ 5 ( 334 ) − ( 40 ) ]
  1755− 1640
¿
√[ 1915 −1681 ] [ 1670 −1600 ]
  115
¿
√[ 234 ] [ 70 ] Interpretation: Therefore, the degree of
relationship between the two variables is very
115 high positive correlation. This means that the
¿  higher the scores of students in Statistics
√16,380 correspond to higher scores in Physics subject.
115 This implies that the students performed better in
¿  both subjects.
127.9844

 ¿ 0.89854701042
𝒓=𝟎
  . 𝟗𝟎 Very high positive correlation.
 Question:
What if the value of r that you have
computed is 1.01? or any value above
1? What do you think, is it possible to
have this value? Why or why not?
 Question:
Is there any easier way of
solving the Pearson r?
Method 2. Using the Microsoft
Excell

Solution for Example No. 1

Method 3. Using the Shortcut
Formula for Correlation

Solution for Example No. 1

 Method 4. Using the Data
analysis Toolpack

Solution for Example No. 1

 APPLICATION. (10 MINUTES)
Group 1- Use the Data Analysis Toolpack in MS Excell.
Group 2- Use the MS Excell using the short-cut formula for correlation

Problem: A group of research students wants to determine whether there is a

relationship between the number of hours spent in using social media and their
academic performance.
Name of Students Number of hours spent in Academic Performance
using Social Media  
(X) (Y)
1 5 90
2 3 94
3 2 95
4 5 87
5 3 90
6 3 92
7 5 89
8 5 88
9 4 91
 Evaluation (10 minutes)
* Individual Output
Instruction: Get ½ Crosswise of paper. Solve the given problem. Use
any of the methods in solving the Pearson r value.
 
Problem: The following data are the heights of a father and his eldest
son, in inches. Do the data support the hypothesis that height is
hereditary? Explain. Accompany your explanation with statistical
computations.

Height of the 71 69 67 68 66 68 70 72 65 60
father (X)
Height of the 71 69 69 65 66 63 68 70 60 58
son (Y)
Thank You!