ACE3211

LEGISLATION
Societies’ expression of what is acceptable

UK and EU (over to you for Global and more tbc)

Consultation process
Scientific advisory bodies
Brexit
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
Ethics and morals and trade
Signpost to sources of info and follow up activities via
Canvas Quiz
 UK LEGISLATION
1911 - Protection of Animals Act
1964 - Ruth Harris started the protection of
farm animals
1965 - Brambell Committee = the 5 Freedoms
1973 – UK joined (1958 EEC created)
2020 – UK left EU 

https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/eu-in-brief_en
EU law
UK pretty good, Scandinavian/other countries often better
EU law designed to level the playing field basis of current UK law

Historically:
An EU regulation
◦ becomes immediately enforceable as law in all member states simultaneously

An EU directive
◦ is “direction” to be transposed into domestic law

Set minimum standards, based on scientific reports (EFSA)

Brexit…. tbc
ANIMAL
WELFARE
ACT 2006
Has more or less replaced all
other legislation
◦ Includes pets, sports,
entertainment, farm etc
https://www.gov.uk/animal-w
elfare#legislation

◦ Introduces concept of “duty

of care” to those caring for
those animals

◦ Could intervene (e.g. RSPCA)

◦ Codes for all species
ANIMAL
WELFARE
ACT 2006
The Welfare of Farmed Animals
(England) Regulations 2007
ANIMAL
WELFARE
ACT 2006
Last code in 2003

Consultation

New codes 2020

The Animal and Plant Health

Agency (APHA) is responsible for
inspecting and monitoring
compliance with on-farm animal
welfare legislation
ANIMAL
WELFARE
ACT 2006
Pigs 2020 – much more detailed

Useful for your audits

 ANIMAL
WELFARE
ACT 2006
 “Bill” vs “Act” & “Regulations” +
“statutory instruments”

 Old legislation still in force

 Updates are “regulations”

 Any updates that you know of?

Agriculture
Bill – impact
on Animal
Welfare
Sign up for consultations
Agriculture
Act – impact
on Animal
Welfare
Sign up for consultations
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/486/introduction/made
“Animal Welfare Minister, David Rutley, said:

These regulations will end mistreatment and

malpractice of puppies and crack down on
unscrupulous breeders so pet owners will have
no doubt their new dogs have had the right start
in life.

The licensing systems for businesses that work

with animals have not been reformed for
almost fifty years. The changes in place from
today simplify these into one system for local
authorities, help consumers to make better
informed decisions and will further improve
animal welfare.

”https://www.gov.uk/government/news/animal-welfare-boosted-
by-new-law-coming-into-force
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/762431/animal-welfare-licensing-provi
ding-boarding-for-dogs-guidance.pdf
Legislative
process:
PETITIONS AND
CONSULTATIONS
Action
against
irresponsible
dog breeding
https://www.scottishparliament.
tv/meeting/public-petitions-com
mittee-april-26-2018

Andrew Voas and Scottish

consultation re dog breeding –
video of the petition being
heard.
Who advises
Government?
Ensuring law is grounded in
science as well as meeting
societies ethical expectation

The councils and commissioned

reports
Animal Welfare Council (UK)
Academia, industry, wider society advise DEFRA
Find reports on websites

EFSA in Europe: Animal Health and Welfare Panel

http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/panels/ahaw.htm

http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/animal
welfare
(explore)
 Nb anyone can comment on a consultations.
All stakeholders considered + scientific advice

See Canvas reading list link

Old example of what it looks like

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/82576/animal-welfare-killing-questionnaire-120912.pdf,
accessed 17.11.13
https://www.gov.scot/publicatio
ns/animal-health-welfare-
scotland-act-2006-analysis-
consultation-responses/pages/2/
Break for quiz 1
Q1-8
 Burch and
Other legislation Russell
1959
http://3rs.ccac.ca/en/about/three-rs.
Research animals html
, accessed 6.12.14

The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (ASPA) 1986

(
www.homeoffice.gov.uk/science-research/animal-res
earch/
)
ASPA revised to incorporate EU Directive 2010/63/EU.
The revised legislation came into force on 1 January
2013. but they still call it ASPA 1986
Home office licence: Project, people, place
The 3 Rs
Replacement
Reduction
Refinement
BIAZA - British and Irish Association of Zoos and
Aquariums; the professional body representing the
best zoos and aquariums in Britain and Ireland.
BIAZA
 The case of the rabbit
Pet v Farm v Lab
different legislation to
protect the same
animal under different
systems

www.free-pet-wallpapers.com/Free-pet-wallpapers/Rabbit/Silver-fox-rabbits-on-grass.html; ciwf.e-activist.com/ea-action/action?ea.client.id=119&ea.campaign.id=32141; www.nc3rs.org.uk/our-resources/housing-and-husbandry/rabbits

Campaigns, reflect the ethical view point of society
Lobbying legislators
http://action.ciwf.org.uk/ea-action/action?ea.client.id=119&ea.campaign.id=32239 accessed
27.1.18 4mins 16 start at 30sec
https://www.ciwf.org.uk/news/2017/01/progress-for-europes-rabbits, accessed 30.1.17
https://www.endthecageage.eu/#:~:text=A%20European%20Citizens'%20Initiative%20(ECI,caged%20farming%20in%20the%20EU.
Live transport
current
campaign
Debated in parliament 26th Feb
2018, no outcome, likely to be
for slaughter (not for fattening)

https://petition.parliament.uk/p
etitions/200205

CIWF
 What will happen
after Brexit?
Pre-Brexit
https://www.ciwf.org.uk/philip-lymbery/blog/2016/06/
what-will-brexit-mean-for-animal-welfare
accessed 25.1.19

EU Treaty e.g. of Lisbon 2009 which recognised animal

sentience

Article 13 “EU will pay FULL REGARD” we need MPs

including in devolved countries to be bound by the
same, current suggestion “regard”

NB new UK Domestic laws from EU directives

So directives have to be transposed into domestic law

Opportunities for …. (improvement?)

Danger of Henry VIII powers (MP DIY)

https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8155/
 What could Brexit
mean for Farm /
companion animals
(wildlife and lab)

file:///C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows
/INetCache/Content.Outlook/EHSVDW9D/Brexit-Getting-
the-Best-Deal-for-Animals-Full-Report.pdf
 Not all legislation extends to all animals that
are sentient (e.g. octopus, lobster)
Cephlapods and decapods e.g. at time of
slaughter to bring us in line with science and
NZ
Protection of wildlife during human control
(seals around salmon farms, badgers [already
Policy gaps protected]), by-catch welfare in fishing, target
and fish in fishing, wildlife imported or taken as
pets (pro-list of animals suitable for use as
opportunities pets)
Breeding for appearance of companion
animals / livestock
 Will we have bi-lateral trade agreements with
former EU partners? Standard of welfare will
depend e.g. UK could restrict lower welfare
imports.
If no agreements = operate under World
Trade Organisation (WTO)
CIWF = significant obstacle to restricting cheap
imports produced to lower welfare
standards.
This might mean UK government being
reluctant to introduce welfare improvements
for fear of cheaper imports undermining the
nation’s farming industry.
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/jun/06/uk-accused-u-turn-animal-welfare-us-t
rade-talks
, 6.6.2020
Livestock options?
Agriculture Bill due for publication after a white paper 2018
£3bn in subsidies guaranteed until 2022
Public money could be used to incentivise animal welfare in UK
direct to farm (rather than on size).
E.g. Farmers paid more for pigs brought to slaughter without tail
biting

https://www.nfuonline.com/news/latest-news-must-read/the-agriculture-bill-all-the-information-in-one-place/ updated 15 Jan 2019

https://services.parliament.uk/bi
lls/2019-21/agriculture.html
https://services.parliament.uk/
bills/2019-21/agriculture.html
Or read a
commentary
in ‘objective’
media or be
aware of spin

https://publications.parliam
ent.uk/pa/bills/lbill/58-
01/141/5801141.pdf
Watch:
H T T P S : / / W W W. B B C . C O . U K
/NEWS/UK-POLITICS-5450
6185
, ACCESSED 13.10.20
 The Trade and Agriculture
Commission

should be consulted on
Trade deals as Animal
Welfare and Trade and
our farmers wellbeing are
inextricably linked
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-p
olitics-53217726
13.10.20
Suggested reading
(skip reading)
Quiz 2
What other means of higher welfare /
ensuring good welfare to consumers?

Voluntary Assurance Schemes

Switzerland since 1993 higher price for higher standards
Money available from Europe to help fund, e.g. Germany – loans to
phase out battery cages

Possible labelling as in egg production to allow informed choice

In addition to legislation there are:
Voluntary Animal Welfare Schemes (UK
[USA])

Industry: Red Tractor / Assurance schemes

Soil Association, RSPCA, Supermarket’s own

http://www.freerangedairy.org/who-we-are/, accessed 27.1.18

Opportunities for labelling in the
UK?
https://betterchicken.org.uk/#better-chicken
https://betterchicken.org.uk/#better-chicken
Revisit site
later in
module
https://betterchickencommitme
nt.com/
choose USA
Trade and welfare standards
Global protection
Animal welfare legislation is increasing globally

In 2002 World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), standards included

in WTO http://www.oie.int/en/animal-welfare/animal-welfare-at-a-glance/
2005 – transport and slaughter
Currently street dogs and lab animals
http://www.oie.int/infographic/StandardsAW/index.html, accessed 27.1.18
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)

The need to fight animal diseases at global level led to the creation of the
Office International des Epizooties through the international Agreement
signed on January 25th 1924. In May 2003 the Office became the World
Organisation for Animal Health but kept its historical acronym OIE
https://www.oie.int/doc/ged/D9
926.PDF
Global perspectives and
animal protection
The notion of ethical responsibility towards animals is growing
But a level of affluence is needed to be able to afford animals protection
With population 9bn by 2050, increase in affluence will lead to increase for
animal products, danger of intensification route (Asia, Africa)
International perspectives tbc:
Globalisation and internationalisation
Chapters 7-12 in Animals and us: 50 years and more of applied ethology
(Ed Brown, Seddon, Appleby) (EU, China, Latin America)
Most countries have some level of animal welfare in law
Due soon
Including Global perspectives
 WTO, GATT and morals
Due to WTO historically difficult to refuse import of “goods” on animal welfare
grounds
2007 EU banned sale and import of cat and dog fur
2009 / 2014 “precedent” EC-Seal Products case (case law)
Ban was “necessary to protect public morals” (General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade, 1994)
This case law MAY enable UK to set higher standards without contravening
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
(tariff for lower standard imports)
To protect UK farmers
UK sit on WTO as UK, vs part of EU (influence?)
BBC Brexit Guide
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-
politics-32810887?xtor=ES-208-
[35926_News_NLB_Wk40_Wed_23
_Sep]-20200923-
[bbcnews_brexitguide_newspolitics_b
rexitguide]
 Summarise
This week and asynchronous activities:
Defining welfare
Ethics
Legislation
Legislative process
Introducing Voluntary Assurance Schemes

Next: look at the animals themselves

The five freedoms
More on welfare protocols and assessments

To-do – Canvas quiz, reading and legislation research – Global and Audit related
Announcement

www.foodmanufacture.co.uk accessed 20.6.15

Discussion
board
Legislation of interest
Pick a country/ issue
State headline (including species),
3 or 4 sentences
Source
Or use an opinion piece / organisation
summary (but you have to access
some of the primary material and
critique the objectivity, interpretation
and spin) and comment on these
https://awrn.co.uk/category/jobs/
Any general Please post on the discussion
questions board