FIRST AID

PREAPARED BY: SUPERVISED BY:

Hoshang Yousif Hamad Miss. Hassiba
Hozan Waji Majid Miss. Fatima
Sumaya Saadi Anwar Mr. Yasin
Yusra Hussen Yousif
Shno Younis Omer
 Do nurses know first aid?

It is vital for nurses to know what to do when faced with an

emergency. ... These cases happen every day, and most of
the time, nurses are expected to provide first aid care. We
should learn not only how to stay as calm as possible, but also
what to do while waiting for help to arrive.
 What is the First aid?
First aid is emergency care given immediately to an injured person.
The purpose of first aid is to minimize injury and future disability. In
serious cases, first aid may be necessary to keep the victim alive.
such as:-
• Seizure
• Bleeding
• Burns
• Blisters
• Fracture
• Snake bite
• Electric Shock…etc
 First aid for seizure
• STAY with the person and start timing the seizure.
• Remain calm and check for medical ID.
• Keep the person SAFE.
• Move or guide away from harmful objects.
• Turn the person onto their SIDE if they are not
awake and aware
 First aid for seizure
• Do not block airway, put something small and
soft under the head, loosen tight clothes around neck
• Do NOT put anything in their mouth.
• Do not give water, pills or food until the person
• Do NOT restrain
• STAY with them until they are awake
• If the person is known to have epilepsy it may not
be necessary to call However, call if:-
1. the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes
2. another seizure begins soon after the first one
ends
3. the person does not awaken after movements
have stopped
4. the person has another medical condition (such
as heart disease
 First aid for Bleeding

• Regardless of how severe, almost all bleeding can

be controlled. Mild bleeding will usually stop on its
own. If severe bleeding is not controlled, it may lead
to shock and eventually death.
First Aid for Bleeding Steps to take if you
are faced with bleeding right now:-

1. Cover the wound with a gauze or a cloth.

2. Apply direct pressure to stop the blood flow.
3. Don't remove the cloth. Add more layers if needed. The
cloth will help clots form to stop the flow.
Nosebleed one of the types bleeding

Most of us have had a bloody nose at some time in our

lives. It simply means bleeding from the inside of the nose
due to trauma. The biggest cause of a nosebleed is digital
trauma – otherwise known as picking it.
• First Aid for Nosebleed The first aid
for nosebleed:-
1. Lean slightly forward, not back.
2. Pinch the nose just below the bridge. Don't pinch the
nostrils closed by pinching lower.
3. Check after five minutes to see if bleeding has stopped. If
not, continue pinching and check after another 10
minutes.
4. You can also apply a cold pack to the bridge of the nose
while pinching.
 First aid for burns
The first step to treating a burn is to stop the burning
process.4 Chemicals need to be cleaned off. Electricity
needs to be turned off. Heat needs to be cooled down with
running water. Sunburn victims need to be covered up or go
inside
No matter what caused the burns or how bad they are,
stopping the burn comes before treating the burn. The
severity of a burn is based on depth and size. For serious
burns
• First Aid for Burns Take these first aid steps:-

1. Flush the burned area with cool running water for several
minutes. Do not use ice.
2. Apply a light gauze bandage.
3. Do not apply ointments, butter, or oily remedies to the
burn.
4. Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain relief if
necessary.
5. Do not break any blisters that may
have formed
 First aid for blisters

• Whether or not a blister needs any treatment is debatable.

If the blister is small, unbroken and not very painful, it is
probably best to leave it alone. Cover it to prevent
continued rubbing and pressure on it that can cause it to
swell more and possibly burst on its own
• If the blister is large or painful-especially if the activity isn’t
finished follow steps to drain and dress a blister:-

1. Use a sterilized needle and make small punctures at the

edge of the blister.
2. Express the fluid.
3. Then apply antibiotic ointment.
4. Cover it to protect it from further rubbing and pressure.
 First aid for Fracture

• All extremity injuries need to be treated as broken bones

(fractures) until an X-ray can be obtained. There are all
kinds of broken bone myths, such as not being able to walk
on a broken leg or whether there's a difference between a
fracture and a break.
• First Aid for Suspected Fracture Take these steps for
a suspected fracture:
1. Don't try to straighten it.
2. Stabilize the limb using a splint and padding to
keep it immobile.
3. Put a cold pack on the injury, avoiding placing ice
directly on the skin.
4. Elevate the extremity. Give anti-inflammatory
drugs like ibuprofen or naproxen.
 First aid for Snake bite
Signs or symptoms associated with a snake bite may
vary depending on the type of snake, but may include:
• Puncture marks at the wound
• Redness, swelling, bruising, bleeding, or blistering
around the bite Severe pain and tenderness at the
site of the bite
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Labored breathing (in
extreme cases, breathing may stop altogether)
Rapid heart rate, weak pulse, low blood pressure
• Disturbed vision Metallic, mint or rubber taste in
the mouth
• Increased salivation and sweating Numbness or
tingling around your face and/or limbs
• Muscle twitching
 Steps treatment:-
• Antivenom is the treatment for serious snake
envenomation. The sooner antivenom can be started the
sooner irreversible damage from venom can be stopped.

• Driving oneself to the hospital is not advised because

people with snakebites can become dizzy

• Keep calm
Apply first aid while waiting for EMS personnel to get
you to the hospital.
• Lay or sit down with the bite in a neutral position of
comfort.
• Remove rings and watches in anticipation of swelling.
• Wash the bite with soap and water.
• Cover the bite with a clean, dry dressing.
• Mark the leading edge of tenderness/swelling on the skin
and write the time alongside it.
Do NOT do any of the following:-

• Do not wait for symptoms to appear if bitten, seek immediate

medical attention.
• Do not apply a tourniquet.
• Do not slash the wound with a knife or cut it in any way.
• Do not try to suck out the venom.
• Do not apply ice or immerse the wound in water.
• Do not drink alcohol as a painkiller.
• Do not take pain relievers (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etc.).
• Do not apply electric shock or folk therapies.
 First aid for Electric
• Electric Shock Overview An electric shock occurs
when a person comes into contact with an electrical
energy source. Electrical energy flows through a
portion of the body causing a shock. Exposure to
electrical energy may result in no injury at all or may
result in devastating damage or death.
• Burns are the most common injury from electric
shock.
 Electric Shock Symptoms

• A person who has suffered an electric shock

may have very little external evidence of injury
or may have obvious severe burns. The person
could even be in cardiac arrest.
 Electric Shock Treatment
• Self-Care at Home Brief low-voltage shocks that do
not result in any symptoms or burns of the skin do
not require care. For any high-voltage shock, or for
any shock resulting in burns, seek care at a
hospital's emergency department. A doctor should
evaluate electric cord burns to the mouth of a child.
 Reference:-
https://
unchartedsupplyco.com/blogs/news/basic-first-aid
https://
www.verywellhealth.com/basic-first-aid-procedures-1
298578
https://
www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/snakes/symptoms.html?fb
clid=IwAR34G1w7sFz8b2v1ebnuWBWEFuLEaAjKggetu
HUYWR0Gqlkhh_Ux8_5vLvY