Solving equation of state

Equation of state
Solving equations of state allows us to find the specific-
volume of a gaseous mixture of chemicals at a
specified temperature and pressure. By knowing this
specific volume, you can determine the size – and thus
cost of the plant, including the diameter of pipes, the
horsepower of compressors and pumps, and the
.diameter of distillation towers and chemical reactors
To solve equations of state, you must solve algebraic -
equations
 EQUATIONS OF STATE –
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
The ideal gas equation of state, which relates the pressure, temperature,
:and specific volume, is a familiar equation

The term p is the absolute pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of-
.moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature
The first generalization of the ideal gas law was the van der Waals -
:equation of state
 EQUATIONS OF STATE –
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
The Redlich–Kwong equation of state is a modification of van der Waal’s
:equation of state

In these equations, Tc is the critical temperature (in absolute

terms), pc is the critical pressure, and Tr is the ‘reduced’
temperature (the absolute temperature divided by the critical
temperature). The α is particular to the Redlich–Kwong
.equation of state
 SOLVING EQUATIONS OF STATE USING EXCEL
(SINGLE EQUATION IN ONE UNKNOWN)

:example – find the x that makes f (x) zero

Solution Using ‘Goal Seek

:Step 1: Open a spreadsheet and put the following statement in cell B1-

Cell B1 is the equation that should be zero, and cell A1 contains the variable
.that is adjusted to make this happen
Step 2: Under Tools choose Goal Seek. When a small screen appears, fill-
:in the spaces to show the following
 SOLVING EQUATIONS OF STATE USING EXCEL
(SINGLE EQUATION IN ONE UNKNOWN)
:Step 3: Click OK. The answer appears in the spreadsheet

Thus the solution found is –2, with a tiny error – a small fraction of a percent.
The test of whether the calculation is correct is shown in cell B1, which is

.This is not zero, but it is small enough for most purposes

Step 4: If you want to decrease the tolerance to make the solution more
accurate, under Tools and Options choose Calculation. Then, in
Maximum Change add a few zeros in the
middle (changing it from 0.001 to 0.000001), add a zero to the maximum
number of iterations, choose OK, and repeat the Goal Seek. This time the
answer is

Step 5: To get the other root, put the value 3 in cell A1 and choose Goal
.Seek
 SOLVING EQUATIONS OF STATE USING EXCEL
(SINGLE EQUATION IN ONE UNKNOWN)

Solution Using Solver

You can solve the same problem using the Solver option in
.Excel
Step 1: Under the Tools menu, click on Solver. Note: If the
choice Solver does not appear, choose Add-Ins and load
Solver from the Analysis ToolPak or the original Excel
.program disk
Step 2 When the window opens, choose the option to make a
cell equal to a value (or a maximum or minimum) by
changing another cell. If you insert the appropriate cell
locations, you will obtain the same answer as with Goal
:Seek. This time, however, it is much more accurate