Ppt on :-

types of cracks in walls,ceilings,plaster and doors

Submitted by- parthil majmudar,7th sem

1. Introduction

A crack is a complete or incomplete separation of

concrete into two or more parts produced by breaking or
fracturing

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 3. TY[PES OF CRACKS
I. Structural Cracks: These cracks occur due to incorrect design, faulty construction or
overloading and these may endanger the safety of a building.

II. Non-Structural Cracks: They are due to internal forces developed in materials due to
moisture variations, temperature variation, crazing, effects of gases, liquids etc.

III. Based On Width:

a) Thin - less than 1mm in width
b) Medium - 1 to 2mm in width
c) Wide - more thanww2w.mCIVILmSCHOiLnAR.comwidth

cracks on the column

cracks around window opening cracks around drilled hole

CAUSES :-[
A. Elastic Deformation
B. Thermal Movement
C. Chemical Reaction
D. Shrinkage
E. Foundation Movement and Settlement of Soil
F. Earthquake
G. Vegetation
H. Poor Construction practices

Horizontal cracks ithe middle of wall vertical cracks in the middle of wall
 Roots of Fast
Growing Tree Under
the Foundation of
Compound Wall
CURE FOR CRACKS
i. Epoxy injection:

Cracks as narrow as 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) can be

bonded by the injection of epoxy.

The technique generally consists of establishing entry

and venting ports at close intervals along the cracks,
sealing the crack on exposed surfaces and injecting the
epoxy under pressure.

However, unless the cause of the cracking has been

corrected, it will probab l y r e c u r n ear the
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original crack.
ii. Routing and
sealing:
This method involves enlarging the crack along its
exposed face and filling and sealing it with a suitable
joint sealant.

The procedure is most applicable to approximately

flat horizontal surfaces such as floors and pavements.

However, routing and sealing can be accomplished on

curved surfaces (pipes, piles and pole).
 iii. Stitching:
The stitching procedure consists of drilling holes on
both sides of the crack, cleaning the holes and anchoring
the legs of the staples in the holes, with either a non-
shrink grout or an epoxy resin-based bonding system.

Stitching may be used when tensile strength must be

reestablished across major cracks.

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iv. Drilling and
plugging
 : plugging a crack consists of drilling down
Drilling and
the length of the crack and grouting it to form a key.

This technique is only applicable when cracks run

in reasonable straight lines and are accessible at one end.

This method is most often used to repair vertical cracks

in retaining walls.

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v. Gravity Filling:

Low viscosity monomers and resins can be used to

seal cracks with surface widths of 0.001 to 0.08 in. (0.03
to 2 mm) by gravity filling.

High-molecular- weight methacrylate, urethanes, and

some low viscosity epoxies have been used successfully.

The lower the viscosity, the finer the cracks that can be
filled.

Wet surfaces should be permitted to dry several days

to obtain the best crack filling.