GYROSCOPE

WHAT IS A GYROSCOPE?
• A gyroscope is a device used
for measuring orientation
and angular velocity.
• The device consists of a
wheel or disc mounted so
that it can spin rapidly about
an axis which is itself free to
alter in direction.
• The orientation of the axis is
not affected by tilting of the
mounting.
 MAIN PROPERTIES
• Rigidity: The axis of rotation (spin axis) of the gyro wheel tends to remain
in a fixed direction in space if no force is applied to it.
• For example: A bicycle is easier to balance at high speed than when it is
barely moving. At high speed, the bicycle wheels act as gyros, and tend to
keep their axes (axles) parallel to the ground.
• Precession: The axis of rotation has a tendency to turn at a right angle to
the direction of an applied force.
• For example: The Earth is actually a great example of precession. As you
know the Earth rotational axis actually lies at an angle from the vertical
which, owing to its angle, traces a circle as the rotational axis itself rotates.
• When the wheel isn't spinning, Gyroscopes are effectively over-
engineered paperweights. If you try to stand one up, it will simply fall over.
• It tries to resist you moving its position.
• You can even tilt it at an angle when suspended from a stand, and it will
appear to "levitate" albeit whilst "orbiting" the stand.
 PRECESSION
• Gyroscope’s ability to defy gravity is a product of angular
momentum, influenced by torque on a disc, like gravity, to
produce a precession of the spinning disc or wheel.
• The main reason they seem to defy gravity is the effective torque
applied to the spinning disc has on its angular momentum vector.
• The influence of gravity on the plane of the spinning disc causes
the rotational axis to "deflect". This results in the entire rotational
axis finding a "middle ground" between the influence of gravity
and its own angular momentum vector.
• It is being stopped from "falling" towards the center of gravity by
something in the way leads to the fascinating properties we see
in these devices.
 HOW DOES GYROSCOPE WORKS?
• A body that is set spinning has a tendency to keep
spinning in its original orientation inducing inertia.
TORQUE:
• Torque-induced precession is the phenomenon in which
the axis of a spinning object describes a cone in space
when an external torque is applied to it. The
phenomenon is commonly seen in a spinning toy top, but
all rotating objects can undergo precession.

COUPLE:
• If a uniform disc of polar moment of inertia is rotated
about its axis with an angular velocity , its Angular
Momentum is a vector by the line up which is drawn in
the direction of the axis of rotation.
 GYROSCOPE IN MODERN AIRSHIPS
• In modern aircraft, inertial guidance systems make good
use of these relatively simple devices. They have a suite of
spinning Gyroscopes in cages to monitor and control the
orientation of the aircraft in flight.
• Gyroscope cages have electrical contacts and sensors that
can relay information to the pilot whenever the plane rolls
or pitches. This lets the pilot and guidance systems "know"
the planes current relative orientation in space.
• They provide the Mars Rover(space shuttle) with stability
as well as aid with navigation.
• They also have applications in drone aircraft and
helicopters by providing stability and helping with
navigation. 
THANK YOU