KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SHARING

PROTECTION RELAY
RUSTINA DEVY – ENGINERING DEPARTMENT – PT. WIKA
RDY
 HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
COMMON SCHEME IN PLN’s SUBSTATIONS (1)

FOR LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION

COMMON
MAIN PROTECTION
DSL PANEL
21 : Distance Relay 87 CHECK
79 : Auto Recloser 87 BUS
25 : Synchro Check
METERING
BACK-UP PROTECTION
CONTROL
67 : Directional Over Current PANEL
CB
67N : Directional Ground Fault
50BF : Circuit Breaker Failure

SUPERVISION & AUXILIARY DS-2 DS-1

TCS : Trip Circuit Supervision
86 : Lockout Relay
PROTECTION PANEL DOUBLE BUSES SINGLE BREAKER
RDY
 HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
COMMON SCHEME IN PLN’s SUBSTATIONS (2)

FOR SHORT DISTANCE TRANSMISSION

COMMON
MAIN PROTECTION
DSL PANEL
87 : Distance Relay 87 CHECK
79 : Auto Recloser 87 BUS
25 : Synchro Check
METERING
BACK-UP PROTECTION
CONTROL
67 : Directional Over Current PANEL
CB
67N : Directional Ground Fault
50BF : Circuit Breaker Failure

SUPERVISION & AUXILIARY DS-2 DS-1

TCS : Trip Circuit Supervision
86 : Lockout Relay
PROTECTION PANEL DOUBLE BUSES SINGLE BREAKER
RDY
 HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
COMMON SCHEME IN PLN’s SUBSTATIONS (3)

FOR TRANSFORMER
COMMON
MAIN PROTECTION
PANEL
87T : Transformer Differential 87 CHECK
87N : Restricted Earth Fault ( ≥ 50 MVA) 87 BUS
25 : Synchro Check
METERING
BACK-UP PROTECTION
CONTROL
50/51 : Instataneous Over Current PANEL
CB
50N/51N : Time Over Current
50BF : Circuit Breaker Failure
SUPERVISION & AUXILIARY DS-2 DS-1
TCS : Trip Circuit Supervision
86 : Lockout Relay
PROTECTION PANEL DOUBLE BUSES SINGLE BREAKER
RDY
 HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
COMMON SCHEME IN PLN’s SUBSTATIONS (3)

FOR BUS COUPLER

MAIN PROTECTION
87A : Zone A Busbar Protection
METERING
87B : Zone B Busbar Protection
CONTROL
87C : Check Zone Busbar Protection PANEL
25 : Synchro Check

BACK-UP PROTECTION CB
50/51 : Instataneous Over Current
50N/51N : Time Over Current
DS-1 DS-2
50BF : Circuit Breaker Failure
SUPERVISION & AUXILIARY
TCS : Trip Circuit Supervision
86 : Lockout Relay DOUBLE BUSES SINGLE BREAKER
PROTECTION PANEL RDY
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
DISTANCE PROTECTION

ZONE SETING & TELEPROTECTION VIA P

POWER LNE POWER LNE

CARRIER CARRIER

TELE PROTECTION TELE PROTECTION

X Y A B W Z

80% 20% 20% 80%

400 ms Z3
200 ms Z2
20ms Z1

80% 20% 20% 80%

400 ms
Z3
200 ms
Z2
20ms
Z1

RDY
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
DISTANCE PRORECTION SCHEME

DIRECT INTERTRIP

to other end substation

21
Z1/Z2 Z3

S
+ to other end substation
t3 R

21 : Distance Protection

Z1 : Zone 1
TRIPPING CIRCUIT
Z2 : Zone 2
Z3 : Zone 3
RDY S : Send
R : Receive
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
DISTANCE PRORECTION SCHEME

PERMISSIVE UNDERREACH TRIP TRANSFER (PUTT)

to other end substation

21
Z1 Z2 Z3

S
t2 to other end substation
R
t3
21 : Distance Protection

Z1 : Zone 1
TRIPPING CIRCUIT Z2 : Zone 2
Z3 : Zone 3
S : Send
RDY R : Receive
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
DISTANCE PRORECTION SCHEME

PERMISSIVE OVERREACH TRIP TRANSFER (POTT)

to other end substation

21
Z1 Z3

S
t3
to other end substation
R

21 : Distance Protection

Z1 : Zone 1
TRIPPING CIRCUIT Z2 : Zone 2
Z3 : Zone 3
S : Send
RDY R : Receive
 HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT / DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT

RELAY SEES ONLY ONE DIRECTION

A B C

67/67N
BACWARD DIRECTION DIRECTION FORWARD DIRECTION

FAULT AT TRIP NOT TRIP

A √
B √
C √

RDY
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT / DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT

MAIN PROTECTION AND BACK-UP PROTECTION THE SAME DIRECTION

21& 67/67N 21& 67/67N

X
A C

21& 67/67N 21& 67/67N

Note:

A, B & C See the fault at X, however by using inverse time curves

67/67N at C operates fasther then 67/67N at A or B

RDY
 HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
CHECK SYNCHRO RELAY (25)

FUNCTIONS

VT or CVT LINE

CONDITION PERMIT TO CLOSE BY 25

MANUAL CLOSE ORDER
25
DL -DB X
OR
LL- DB √
AUTO-RECLOSER ORDER

VT BUS
DL- LB √
LB- LL √

incase Live Bus & Live Line

1. ∆ V < ∆ V seting
2. ∆ f < ∆ f seting
3. ∆Θ < ∆Θ

RDY
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
BREAKER FAILURE (50BF)

PURPOSE

TRIP ORDER THROUGH PLC

G

X
A
TRIP ORDER C TRIP ORDER
E

F
B D

INCASE FAULT AT X AND CIRCUIT BREAKER C FAILS TO OPEN

ALL CIRCUIT BREAKER CONNECTED TO THE SAME BUS WITH
CIRCUIT BREAKER C SHALL BE TRIPPED

RDY
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
BREAKER FAILURE (50BF)

COORDINATION WITH OVERCURRENT RELAY

OTHER SUBSTATION

G A B C
BACK-UP PROTECTION

+
67/67N
AUX A 50 BF 67 67N

INTERNAL TRIP
50BF

AUX B

TP TP
NOTE: EXTERNAL TRIP

OPERATING TIME 50BF > OPERATING TIME 67 OR 67N

RDY
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL (87T)

OVERALL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

GENERATOR
GENERATOR TRANSFORMER

G A B

CT FOR ADAPTING TRANSFORMER VECTOR GROUP

UNIT AUXULIARY
TRANSFORMER

87T
AUXULIARY
TRANSFORMER

TRIP SIGNAL

RDY
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT (87N)

APPLICABLE FOR START WINDING POWER TRANSFORMER (≥ 50 MVA)

GENERATOR
GENERATOR TRANSFORMER

G A B

CT FOR ADAPTING TRANSFORMER VECTOR GROUP

UNIT AUXULIARY
TRANSFORMER

87N
AUXULIARY
TRANSFORMER

TRIP SIGNAL

RDY
 HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
BUSBAR PROTECTION (87B)

TEORY FOR HIGH IMPEDANCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY FOR BUSBAR

SWITCHYARD

BUS-1

IIN-A 87A IOUT-A

IIN-C IOUT-C

87C
BUS-2

IIN-A 87B IOUT-B

IIN-A ≠ IOUT-A

IIN-B ≠ IOUT-B
TRUE FAULT
IIN-C ≠ IOUT-C

RDY
 HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
BUSBAR PROTECTION (87B)

SECONDARY WIRING

87A
AUX AUX AUX AUX
DS-2 DS-1 DS-2 DS-1

87B

87C
RDY
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
BUSBAR PROTECTION (87B)

TRIPPING ORDER

BUS WIRES

AUX DS-1
AUX CB

AUX DS-2

87A CHECK ZONE

(87C)

87B
ZONE B ZONE A
(87B) (87A)
87C
RDY
 HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
TRIP CIRCUIT SUPERVISION (TCS)

TO BLOCK CLOSING CIRCUIT

+T1 +T2 +C

PROTECTION
CONTACT

A C A C

B D

CB AUX CONTACT CB AUX CONTACT

B D

CB TRIP COIL #2
CB TRIP COIL #1 TO CLOSING CIRCUIT

-T1 -T2 -C
RDY
HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
LOCKOUT RELAY (86)

LOCK-OUT FOR PERMANENT TRIP

+T1
UN-LACTH TRIP CONTACT
CBF 67/67N BP
LOCK-OUT (86)
21

LOCK-OUT RESET

CB TRIP COIL

-T1
RDY
 HV SUBSTATION PROTECTION RELAY
PROTECTION RELAY HYSTORY

EVOLUTION

HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI)

PROCECOR

INPUT/OUTPUT
SET

ROTATING DISC RELAY SOLID STATE RELAY INTELLIGENT RELAY (IED)

RDY