LTE Air Interface

Mohammad Soleimani

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LTE Radio Network Planning

 Network Architecture and Interfaces

 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
 E-UTRA Layer 1 Key Aspects and OFDM(A) Principles
 E-UTRA Transmission OFDMA and SC-FDMA
 LTE and MIMO
 LTE Physical Layer Channels and Procedures
 PCI, PRACH and Paging

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LTE Radio Network Planning

 Network Architecture and Interfaces

 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
 E-UTRA Layer 1 Key Aspects and OFDM(A) Principles
 E-UTRA Transmission OFDMA and SC-FDMA
 LTE and MIMO
 LTE Physical Layer Channels and Procedures
 PCI, PRACH and Paging

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LTE Radio Network Planning

 Network Architecture and Interfaces

 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
 E-UTRA Layer 1 Key Aspects and OFDM(A) Principles
 E-UTRA Transmission OFDMA and SC-FDMA
 LTE and MIMO
 LTE Physical Layer Channels and Procedures
 PCI, PRACH and Paging

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LTI Resource Grid

Visit http://niviuk.free.fr/lte_resource_grid.html 137 137

PSS and SSS position in LTE FDD mode

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PSS and SSS position in LTE TDD mode

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Primary Synchronization Signal

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Secondary Synchronization Signal

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All Combination of PSS and SSS

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PCI Planning

1. Avoid assigning the same PCI to neighbour cells

2. Avoid assigning the same mod3 (PCI) to ‘neighbour’ cells

3. Avoid assigning the same mod6(PCI) to ‘neighbour’ cells

4. Avoid assigning the same mod30 (PCI) to ‘neighbour’ cells

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PCI Conflict: Collision

A PCI collision occurs between two intra-frequency cells that use an identical PCI but are insufficiently
isolated. In this case, UEs in the overlapping area of the two cells cannot implement signal
synchronization or decoding.

NOTE: An LTE cell is not allowed to have the same frequency and PCI as its neighboring cell. However, an LTE cell
can have the same frequency and PCI as its external cell or multiple local cells under an eNB can have the same
frequency and PCI.
Each cell has a unique center frequency but may have multiple E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel
Numbers (EARFCNs). For example, the frequency 2110 MHz corresponds to EARFCN 1950 at band 4 and EARFCN
4150 at band 10. Intra-frequency cells described in this document are the cells with the same center frequency.
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 PCI Conflict: Confusion
A PCI confusion occurs between a detected cell and a neighboring cell if the two cells have the same frequency
and PCI and if the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the two cells reaches the handover threshold. The
PCI confusion may lead to UE handover failures or service drops.

PCI Confusion when the Detected Cell is a Configured Neighboring Cell

If the UE does not support ANR, the eNB cannot

determine whether the detected cell is cell B or C
based on the report by the UE. In this case, cell A
cannot initiate a handover.
If intra-RAT event-triggered ANR is enabled and the
UE supports ANR, the eNB can identify cell B based
on the E-UTRAN cell global identifier (ECGI)
reported by the UE. Then, a handover to cell B can
be performed if necessary.

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 PCI Conflict: Confusion
PCI Confusion when the Detected Cell Is Not a Configured Neighboring Cell

In the eNB incorrectly considers the detected cell to

be cell C and then initiates a handover to cell C. If
the UE is covered by cell B instead of cell C, a
handover failure may occur.

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Effect of PCI correction on LTE KPI
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tput, Mbps

10 no PCImod3 collision
8 PCImod3 collision
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PCI Planning

1. Avoid assigning the same PCI to neighbour cells

2. Avoid assigning the same mod3 (PCI) to ‘neighbour’ cells

3. Avoid assigning the same mod6(PCI) to ‘neighbour’ cells

4. Avoid assigning the same mod30 (PCI) to ‘neighbour’ cells

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PCI Planning modulo3 (PCI) Rule

Id = 0 Id = 6
Id = 2 Id = 8

Rule:
Id = 1 Id = 7
Avoid assigning to the cells of one eNB PCIs with the same modulo 3 Id = 3 Id = 9
Id = 5 Id = 11
Reason:
PSS defines NID2. There are 3 NID2 in a group so PSS is generated using 1 of 3 different Id = 4 Id = 10
sequences
If two cells of the same eNB have the same mod3(PCI) it means they have the same
NID2 (i.e. 0, 1 or 2) and the same PSS sequence
PSS is used in cell search and synchronization procedures: Different PSS
sequences facilitate cell search and synch procedures

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PCI Planning modulo6 (PCI) Rule

Avoid assigning to the cells of one eNB PCIs

with the same modulo 6 , in the case of
single antenna.

Reason: to reduce inter cell interference

between RSs

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PCI Planning modulo 3 and modulo6 (PCI) Rule

• For 2Tx case the cells of the same site should

have different mod3 (PCI). For 1Tx case the
mod6(PCI) should be different

• Reason: To have frequency shifts for RS of

different cells as they are frame-synchronized
(cells of the same site) and avoid RS interference
in DL.

Id = 0 Id = 6
Id = 2 Id = 8

Id = 1 Id = 7
Id = 3 Id = 9
Id = 5 Id = 11

Id = 4 Id = 10

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Correlation
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Correlation characteristics of real LTE
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 Correlation characteristics of real LTE preamble
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