Homogeneous equilibrium

John Paul S. Tulao

 What is a homogeneous equilibrium?

 It involves reactants and products that are

present in only one phase (usually gas).

Example:
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
 What is a homogeneous equilibrium?

 The equilibrium constant of gaseous

systems can be expressed in terms of the
concentrations and the partial pressures of
the gases.
concentration = Kc
partial pressure = Kp
 Equilibrium expression

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g)

Concentration
Kc 
 NH 3 
2

 N 2  H 3  3

Presure
Kp 
 P NH 3
2

 P  P 
N2 H3
3
 Relation of Kc to kp

 In general, Kc ≠ Kp

 In relating Kc and Kp in an equation, use:

K P  K C  RT 
n
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

 R is the universal constant equal to

0.0821 L * atm / mol * K
 T is the temperature (in K)
 Δn is the Σ moles gas P - Σ moles gas R
 EXAMPLE

The equilibrium concentrations for the reaction

between carbon monoxide and chlorine to form
COCl2(g) at 74˚C are [CO] = 0.012 M, [Cl2] = 0.054
M, and [COCl2] = 0.14 M. Calculate Kc.
 EXAMPLE

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)

If the partial pressures of N2 , H2 , and NH3 at

equilibrium are 1.3 atm, 0.83 atm, and 0.85 atm
respectively, what is the equilibrium constant of the
reaction?
 EXAMPLE

For the reaction;

CaCO3(s) ⇌CaO(s) + CO2(g)

What are the values of the equilibrium constants K p

and Kc, if the pressure of CO2 is 0.384 atm at 500˚C?