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CHAP 2 Intellectual Revolution 2
CHAP 2 Intellectual Revolution 2
REVOLUTION
COPERNICAN, DARWINIAN
AND FREUDIAN
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING ON HOW
COPERNICUS CHANGED ANCIENT BELIEFS ON
ASTRONOMY.
2. ENUMERATE THE IDEAS OF FREUD ABOUT THE
HUMAN PSYCHE.
3. DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FIXITY
OF SPECIES CONCEPT AND THE THEORY OF
NATURAL SELECTION OF CHARLES DARWIN.
4. SYNTHESIZE HOW THESE “INTELLECTUAL
REVOLTS”CONTINUE TO IMPACT HUMAN ECOLOGY.
LEARNING ASSESSMENTS
PERFORMANCE TASKS
• Long Quiz
• Group Performance: twenty (10)-minute
PRESENTATION showing / explaining:
• Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and
• Freud’s Elements of personality & Slip of the
tongue
Intellectual Revolution
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
• Ptolemy believed that the earth is at
the center of the universe
(GEOCENTRISM)
• That the sun, moon and other planets
revolve around the earth.
• The “movement’ of the sun explained
why we have days & Nights.
• Ptolemy’s geocentric model that held
sway for 1400 years.
GEOCENTRISM
• http://int.search.myway.com/search/vi
deo.jhtml?enc=0&n=7857ae69&p2=
%5ECPV
%5Exdm209%5ETTAB02%5Eph&pg
=video&pn=1&ptb=906A7EFC-C8E0-
478F-9386-
7BB5B776BED5&qs=&searchfor=dar
win+theory+of+evolution&si=&ss=sub
&st=tab&tpr=sbt&trs=wtt
Intellectual Revolution
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
• SIGMUND FREUD - Introduced
PSYCHOANALYSIS
• Psychoanalysis – a study that
attempts to understand human
behavior.
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
• He said that
there are many
conscious &
unconscious
factors that
influences
behavior and
emotions.
He said personality is a fusion of three conflicting elements:
the id, ego and superego. That Human behavior
“changes” as it is influenced by these elements.
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
• Id = part of mind that responds to wants & desires.
Seeking pleasure & avoiding pain.
• Ego = decision making part of the mind. Seeks
pleasure but uses reason & logic to do so. Tries to
convinces ID to be bound by Laws & social norms.
• Superego = the voice in our mind that uses morals
& values learned from parents & society. It
persuades ID & EGO to turn to moral goals rather
than seeking pleasure
ELEMENTS OF PERSONALITY
• The id is the most basic part of the personality. It also represents our most
animalistic urges, like the desire for food and sex. The id seeks instant
gratification for our wants and needs. If these needs or wants are not met,
a person can become tense, anxious, or angry.
• The ego deals with reality, trying to meet the desires of the id in a way
that is socially acceptable in the world. This may mean delaying
gratification and helping to get rid of the tension the id feels if a desire is
not met right away. The ego recognizes that other people have needs and
wants too, and being selfish isn't good in the long run.
• The superego develops last, and is based on morals and judgments about
right and wrong. Even though the superego and the ego may reach the
same decision about something, the superego's reason for that decision is
based more on moral values, while the ego's decision is based more on
what others will think or what the consequences of an action could be on
the individual.
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
SAMPLE SITUATION
• ID = Sarah knew she could steal the supplies like a pen or bond papers from work
and no one would know about it. So she took some and placed it in her bag.
• EGO= Sarah knew she could steal the supplies from work and no one would
know about it. However, she knew that she will be embarrassed if anyone sees it,
so she decided not to take anything. (Worried of what others will think)
• SUPEREGO = Sarah knew she could steal the supplies from work and no one
would know about it. However, she knew that stealing was wrong, so she decided
not to take anything even though she would probably never get caught. (Decision
was based more on moral values)
FREUDIAN SLIP
• An inadvertent mistake in speech or writing that is thought to reveal a person's
unconscious motives, wishes, or attitudes.
• Also called “parapraxis”
• Parapraxis occurs when someone says something different than what they
meant to say while speaking.
• A slip of the tongue in which a word that the speaker was subconsciously
thinking about is substituted for the one that he or she meant to say.
• Sigmund Freud argued that the the contents of the unconscious mind are hidden
by a variety of mechanisms of repression.
• That sometimes in speech, inattention, distraction, or strong emotions can help
the contents of the unconscious mind come out.
FREUDIAN SLIP
• According to psychiatrist Sigmund Freud, the slip is
interpreted as the emergence of the contents of the
unconscious mind.
• The term is commonly applied to many different
errors in speech, but Freud originally intended to use
the term only for a limited number of slips that he
believed to be the result of the workings of the
unconscious mind.
• There are many alternative explanations for Freudian
slips, including speech habits, difficult or complex
sentences, exhaustion, or thinking about something
else while speaking.
EXAMPLES
• For example, a woman might mean to tell her friend,
“I am so in love with John.” But instead of saying
John’s name, she might say the name of her ex-
boyfriend instead. Her friend might then interpret her
slip to mean that she is still in love with her ex-
boyfriend.
• "For seven and a half years I've worked alongside
President Reagan. We've had triumphs. Made some
mistakes. We've had some sex... uh... setbacks." -A
Freudian slip by President George H.W Bush
• “If you have it flaunt it”. “Do you see my sex packs”
when he meant six packs abs
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION