AZERBAIJAN IN 70-80S OF XX

CENTURY
Heydar Aliyev -1969-1982

 New appointments, new staff

 Special improvement plan for
Shusha
 Last Constitution -1978
 Agriculture (new plants)
Economic change
in AzSSR
■ Transport system
 Baku-Boyuk Kesik
 Baku- Yalama railway lines
 Aghdam-Khankendi railway (1979)
 The new water pipeline(1971)
 Nikita Leonid Yuri Konstantin Mikhail
Khruschev Brezhnev Andropov Chernenko Gorbachev
Mikhail Gorbachev introduced new economic policies:
"perestroika" (restructuring) and "glasnost"
(openness).These policies accelerated the protests against
the socialist regime
In 1980s
■ Heydar Aliyev was promoted to the assistant of the first secretary of the USSR
government in 1982
■ In 1983, the Baku-Grozny oil pipeline was completed
■ In the 1980s the fight against alcoholism commenced, with many grape fields being
destroyed
■ Heydar Aliyev was forced to resign in 1987
■ One month later, the Armenians demanded Nagorno Karabakh.
■ Armenian leaders demanded the control of Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous province to
Armenia in February 1988
■ Some Azerbaijanis marched to Khankendi to protest it, two were killed
 NAGORNO
KARABAKH WAR
 Sumgait events-1988 26th February-1st March

■ Armenian nationalists
organized
■ Purpose: to show Azerbaijani
people as wild, violent nation
■ Death: 26 Armenians, 6
Azerbaijani
■ Grigoryan was organizer
AFTER THIS PROVOCATION, AZERBAIJANI PEOPLE FACED MASSIVE
DEPORTATIONS. THE LAST GROUP WAS DEPORTED FROM NUVEDI
VILLAGE IN AUGUST 1991.
 Click icon to add picture

Nagorno
Karabakh

The USSR formalized a special regime in

Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous province
in January 1989.
This regime legalized the separation of
Karabakh from Azerbaijan automatically.

Armenia declared the unification of the

region to Armenia in December officially.
 General
Gubernator • 1919
regime

Nagorno
Karabakh
• 1923
Autonomous
Oblast

Nagorno
Karabakh • 1991
Autonomous
Republic
 The first protest meeting against the Armenian
nationalist movement was in Baku in February
1988.
 The next and larger protest began in November
1988 called the "Meydan movement”.
 The main reason for this protest was
Armenians’ cutting of the forest in Topkhana.
 The Soviet regime declared "martial law" to
prevent a national uprising in Baku, Ganja,
and Nakhchivan.
 The Soviet Army used military force against
protesters, to stop the movement
 The Azerbaijani Popular Party
(AXC) was formed under Abulfaz
Elchibey’s leadership in September
1989.
They passed the constitution act on
the “Sovereignty of Azerbaijan SSR
 Solidarity day was
inspired by the dismantling
of border fences between 
Soviet Azerbaijan and Iran
  on 31st December 1989

They attacked Nakhchivan on 19th January 1990,

but local people resisted and passed an ordinance to
separate from the USSR.

Nakhchivan removed the "Soviet Socialist" word

from its name in 1990.

Heydar Aliyev became the head of the Nakhchivan

Parliament on 3rd October 1991.
 Armenians attacked Goychay, therefore the
government decided to create special defense forces.
As the Azerbaijan government was gaining more
power, the USSR organized attacks on Armenian
shelters in Baku which allowed Armenia to implement
a plan.

The USSR passed an ordinance creating a

"state of emergency in Baku" on the 20th
January. On the night of 19th January,
military forces of the Soviet government
slaughtered hundreds of innocent people.
• 1991 September -1992 May :Ayaz Mutallibov
After Khojaly tragedy he was blamed, his
reputation damaged
• 1992 June-1993 June: Abulfaz Aliyev
He had to call Heydar Aliyev after military coup in
Ganja. He left country to prevent any civil war in
state
 Military coup in Ganja, 4th June 1993
Organizer: Surat Huseynov assistant of prime
minister
Heydar Aliyev prevented further action by signing
deal
 Why Khojaly?

• Khojaly was Azerbaijan settlement

situated in Nagorno Karabakh
• It was in blockade since October
1991
• This city had basis of artillery
• Population were around 2.000-
4000 people
In a few hours of night
 613 civilians were killed
including
106 women
83 children

Massacre which has become the most

brutal punishment of civilians during the
whole 3 years of the conflict‟s military
phase.
Region Occupation date
Lachin : May 18, 1992
Kalbajar : April 2, 1993
Agdam : July 23, 1993
Jabrail August 23, 1993
Fizuli : August 23, 1993
Gubadli : August 31, 1993
Zangilan : October 30, 1993
 Result of War for Azerbaijan
 Refugee : more than one million
Azerbaijanis
 Death : more than 20,000 people
 Wounded/disabled : 50,000 people
 Missing: 4,000 people
 Hostage: More than 2,000 people

On 8th May 1994, Azerbaijan signed a

ceasefire protocol in Bishkek. Both sides
decided to meet an agreement peacefully
 REPUBLIC OF ARSAKH
Total area : 4,420 km2
Population (2015): 150.000

Armenians: 77%
Azerbaijani: 21.5%
Russian: 1%
Other nationalities: 0.5%

Nagorno-Karabakh