International codes for unbonded post-tensioned

precast concrete structures

• Unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete (UPC)

• Benefits of both precast construction and unbonded post-tensioning

• Elastic behavior of PT tendon-

low damage, negligible residual drift, re-centering capacity

• U.S.-Japan co-operative research program in 1990 – PRESSS

• Use of UPC elements for the first time- Priestly and Tao (1993)
To tie precast components into building frame
reduced stiffness degradation and pinching
• Downside: no energy dissipation
• Solution: use of energy dissipators
• Hybrid system: Self-centering + Energy dissipation

Cheok, G. S. (1997). A hybrid reinforced precast frame for seismic regions. PCI journal, 42(2)
Park, R. (2003). The fib state-of-the-art report on the seismic design of precast concrete building structures. In 2003 Pacific conference on
earthquake engineering in Auckland, New Zealand, Paper (No. 11).
• U.S. Standard
• New Zealand Standard
• European Standard
Standards in the US
Minimum design load and
ASCE/SEI 7-16 associated criteria

IBC-18
Minimum requirement for structural
ACI 318-19 concrete design or construction
ACI 318-19
• For members with unbonded PT

Provision for flexural members slab and beam

Stress at nominal flexural strength
Minimum bonded reinforcement
Maximum allowable strain in PT tendon

• ACI 423.3R-17: for concrete members prestressed with single-strand

unbonded tendons
ACI 550.3-13
• design specification of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete
special moment frames satisfying ACI 374.1
defines a protocol for establishing a design procedure,
validated by analysis and laboratory tests, for special precast
moment frames that do not satisfy the criteria of ACI 318

• generic design procedure for prototype moment frames should be

developed
• conditions to use this standard
 Same moment strengths for top and bottom ED bars
 PT tendon should be unbonded from anchor to anchor and concentrically placed in the beam
….ACI 550.3-13
• Prohibit the use of PT Bars
• Permits the use of PT Strand
• Continuous columns, single bay beam
• Friction induced by PT—responsible to transfer vertical shears for
both gravity and lateral loading
• Limits drift angle for DBE and MCE
For walls

ACI ITG-5

ACI ITG 5.1-07

ACI ITG 5.2-09

•ACI
  ITG 5.1-07
• provides framework that establishes a test for experimental evidence needed to
satisfy the use of UPC structural walls
• requirements for the
 Design procedure of test module
 Testing, reporting and accessing the satisfactory performance

• For ≥ 0.5
• For walls with openings:
 load path should not be disturbed
 Influence of opening on shear and flexural strength should be considered
• Test module

 Moment shear ratio at base must be representative of prototype wall

 No requirement for duplication of wall height
 Similitude principle is applicable
ACI ITG 5.2-091
• outlines design provision for UPC cantilever shear walls to comply with
acceptance criteria of ACI ITG 5.1-07
• PT strand, bar, wire, tendon – anything can be used
• Capacity design principle for joints other than the one at foundation
Should not open
• No permanent lateral deformation-damage to cover concrete and joint filler
material is okay
 strain in PT tendon ≤ 0.01
• Only mechanical coupling devices are permitted
• Based on model proposed by Sritharan2
Standards in New Zealand
• New Zealand Standard and Commentary for Concrete Structures, NZS
3101:2006
Strong
Equivalent connection
monolithic
system Ductile
connection
Precast concrete Connection of
seismic system limited
ductility

Ductile jointed
Jointed system
connection
Appendix B
Ductile hybrid
connection
… NZS 3101:2006
• Design method for both force based and displacement based
• Permits 50% higher drift limit for damage control LS in UPC
(no such provision for ultimate LS)