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ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY NEWSPAPER

Est. 1869 Wednesday, November 24, 1892 Price 6d

CAMPUS
JOURNALISM
REPORTERS:
• BARCE, RENA
• JAVIER, GLYDEL
• MAGLONSO, NICOLE
• MEDENILLA, JANE
• PILAPIL, JOSEPHINE
NAE
• RICOHERMOSO,
MIAGRACE
TOPICS:
1. Sources and the Flight of Campus
News
2. Essential of News
3. Elements of News
4. Principles of Journalism Applicable
to News
5. Types of News
6. The Lead
7. Sources and Citation in News
Writing
8. Writing the Actual News Article
9. Inverted Pyramid Structure in
News
WHAT IS NEWS?
1. Recent information
2. Current events
3. Somebody or something interesting
4. Something previously known
WHAT IS CAMPUS NEWS
WRITING?
1. Traditional News Writing
Presentation of facts -> Interpretation
2. Contemporary News Writing
Present any social concern -> Determine
why it matters -> Presentation of facts ->
Interpretation of facts -> Enable
Empowerment
 SOURCES AND THE
FLIGHT OF CAMPUS
NEWS
Sources:
 Campus Journalists (other
students)
 Written Sources
 Leaked Documents
 Records ( videos, audio, photos)
Flight of Campus Journalism
 Samuel Pickle Fox
 The Student’s Gazette
 College Folio
 The coconut
 The torch
 Apprentice
E
S • Informing the audience
S • Educating the audience
N
E O • Guiding the audience
E • Interpreting facts and news
N F
W • Source of Entertainment
T
S • Forming opinions
I • Spreading awareness
A • Advertising

L
ELEMENTS OF NEWS
• Proximity • Conflict
• Prominence • Human Interest
• Timeliness • Extremes/Superlatives
• Oddity • Scandal
• Consequence • Impact
PRINCIPLES OF JOURNALISM
APPLICABLE TO NEWS
• Truth and Accuracy
• Independence
• Fairness and Impartiality
• Humanity
• Accountability
 TYPES OF NEWS
Different types of news:
• Soft news
• Hard news
In Addition…
Types of New Stories

1. According to scope or origin

• Local/national
• Foreign
• Dateline
2. According to chronology or sequence
• Advanced/anticipated
• Spot
• Coverage
• Follow-up

3. According to treatment
• Fact
• Action
• Quote/speech/interview
4. According to content
• Routine
• Sports
• Development news
• Police
• Science

5. According to structure
• Straight news
• News feature
6. Advanced type
• Investigative
• Interpretative
• Depth news
7. Minor type
• Side bars
• Bulletins
• Quirks
• News briefs
• Flash
• Round ups
 THE LEAD
Writing the lead
• Every news story begins with an introduction which
is called “Lead”
• The good lead answers all important information
about the news story
• The first paragraph: Most important part of the
article, summarizes the story
• The Hook: Arouses the reader’s interest
• Answers right away the most important questions:
5W’s and 1 H
 Writing the lead
1. Conventional Lead
5 W’s and 1 H formula
(Who, What, When, Where, Why, How)
2. Novelty lead
Astonisher lead Parody lead
Contrast lead Punch lead
Epigram Quotation lead
Picture lead Question lead
Background lead
3. Grammatical Beginning Lead

• Prepositional phrase Lead

• Infinitive phrase Lead
• Participial phrase Lead
• Gerundial phrase Lead
• Clause Lead
 Guidelines in Lead Writing

• Pack the most important info in one sentence

• Start with the most important or unusual idea
of the news event.
• Go direct to the point.
 Some tips in writing a strong
lead/lede

1. Determine your hook

2. Be clear and succinct
3. Write in a active voice
4. Go short and punchy
5. If you're stuck, find a relevant one
 SOURCES AND
CITATION
IN NEWS WRITING
How Do We Cite Sources?

This depends on what type of work you

are writing, how you are using the
borrowed material, and the expectations
of your instructor.
 IDENTIFYING SOURCES IN THE
BODY OF YOUR PAPER
The first time you cite a source, it is almost always a good idea
to mention its author(s), title, and genre (book, article, or web
page, etc.).
EXAMPLE:
Milan Kundera, in his book The Art of the Novel, suggests that
“if the novel should really disappear, it will do so not because it
has exhausted its powers but because it exists in a world grown
alien to it.”
You may also want to describe the author(s) if they are not
famous, or if you have reason to believe your reader does not
know them.

EXAMPLE:
In an essay presented at an Asian Studies conference held at
Duke University, Sheldon Geron analyzes the relation of state,
labor-unions, and small businesses in Japan between 1950s and
1980s.
 Quoting Material
What is Quoting?
Taking the exact words from an original source is
called quoting.

How Often Should I Quote?

Most of the time, paraphrasing and summarizing
your sources is sufficient (but remember that you
still have to cite them).
How Do I Incorporate Quotations in My
Paper?
Most of the time, you can just identify a source and quote from it,
as in the first example above. Sometimes, however, you will need
to modify the words or format of the quotation in order to fit in
your paper.

For example, let's say you want to quote from the following
passage in an essay called "United Shareholders of America," by
Jacob Weisberg:

The citizen-investor serves his fellow citizens badly by his

inclination to withdraw from the community. He tends to serve
himself badly as well. He does so by focusing his pursuit of
happiness on something that very seldom makes people happy in
the way they expect it to.
In his essay, “United Shareholders of America,” Jacob
Weisberg insists that “The citizen-investor serves his
fellow citizens badly by his inclination to withdraw from
the community. He tends to serve himself badly... by
focusing his pursuit of happiness on something that very
seldom makes people happy in the way they expect it
to.”
to
“He tends to serve himself badly...by focusing his pursuit
of happiness on [money].”
 Listing References
What's a Bibliography?

A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used in the process of
researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include:
• the authors' names

• the titles of the works

• the names and locations of the companies

• that published your copies of the sources

• the dates your copies were published

• the page numbers of your sources (if they are part of multi-source volumes)
What Are Footnotes?
Footnotes are notes placed at the bottom of
a page.

EXAMPLE
This is an illustration of a footnote.1 The number “1” at
the end of the previous sentence corresponds with the
note below. See how it fits in the body of the text?
 
1 At the bottom of the page you can insert your
comments about the sentence preceding the footnote.
 Where Does the Little Footnote
Mark Go?
What's the Difference between Footnotes and
Endnotes?
The only real difference is placement - footnotes appear
at the bottom of the relevant page, while endnotes all
appear at the end of your document. If you want your
reader to read your notes right away, footnotes are more
likely to get your reader's attention. Endnotes,
on the other hand, are less intrusive and will
not interrupt the flow of your paper.
 WRITING THE
ACTUAL NEWS
ARTICLE
To write like a real reporter, consider this guide for how to
write a news article.

Choose Your Topic

• First, you must decide what to write about. Sometimes an editor
or instructor will give you assignments, but you’ll often have to
find your own topics to cover.
Research for Your News Article
• Even if you end up with a topic close to your heart, you
should begin with research, using books and articles that
will give you a full understanding of the subject.

Next, interview a few people to collect more information

and quotes that give perspective on the topic.
 Parts of a News Article
1. Headline or title
The headline of your article should be catchy and to the
point.
Examples:
"Lost dog finds his way home"
"Debate tonight in Jasper Hall"
"Panel chooses 3 essay winners"

2. Byline
The byline is the name of the writer—your name, in this
case.
3. Lead (sometimes written "lede")
The lead is the first sentence or paragraph, written to provide a
preview of the entire article. It summarizes the story and includes
many of the basic facts. The lead will help readers decide if they
want to read the rest of the news article or if they are satisfied
knowing these details.

4. The story
Once you’ve set the stage with a good lead, follow up with a well-
written story that contains facts from your research and quotes from
people you’ve interviewed. The article should not contain your
opinions. Detail any events in chronological order. Use the active
voice—not passive voice—when possible, and write in clear, short,
direct sentences.
5. The sources
Include your sources in the body with the information and
quotes they provide. This is different from academic
papers, where you would add these at the end of the piece.

6. The ending
Your conclusion can be your last bit of information, a
summary, or a carefully chosen quote to leave the reader
with a strong sense of your story.
 SOME WAYS TO CREATE
CONTENT THAT DRAWS
AN AUDIENCE.
• Always Ask Questions-. Brainstorm various
topics

• Keep Track of Major Events- Holidays are

always a time to create a special article about
various topics

• Assemble Great Contacts- A journalist is nothing

without his or her list of contacts

• Use All of Your Senses- It is essential to use your

eyes and ears to think of a new story
• Provide Answers- When a person reads an article in the
newspaper, he or she is usually looking for a fast answer to a
problem or quick information.

• Be Engaging and Thought Provoking- When your audience is

engaged, your reader will hang on your every word.

• Provide Actionable Content-Writing a newspaper article

should display facts and deliver new content.

• Be Accurate- There is no room for bending facts, especially in

the newspaper world

• Proofread Before Submission- Proofreading is more than just

looking for grammar or spelling errors
 10 Tips that Every Newspaper Writer
Should Follow
• Use a Catchy Headline- The first thing that a reader
sees is an article’s title or headline

• Important Information Goes at the Top- any

newspaper writers adhere to the “Inverted Pyramid”
model.

• Use Quotes-To add depth to your article, using someone

else’s words to convey vital ideas is smart.

• Be Succinct- A newspaper writer must get to the point

from the start. It is vital to grab the audience’s attention
immediately

• Add Images- A picture helps a reader connect to the

topic
 INVERTED PYRAMID
STRUCTURE IN NEWS WRITING
Short background:
The inverted pyramid is most often used in journalism. It came to
be in 1845 after a portrait painter named Samuel Morse invented
the telegraph, which was a new wave means of passing breaking
news from one place to another so that it could be reported on.

The inverted pyramid is a way of front loading a story so that the

reader can get the most important information first.

The idea is to start with your conclusion, and then build on

how you came to that conclusion throughout the rest of your
story.
The structure of the inverted pyramid
 WHAT IS ESSENTIAL?
Essential information generally refers to the oft-cited
“Five W’s” of journalism: Who, What, When, Where,
and Why. A successful lead paragraph communicates,
on a basic level, the essential facts of who did what,
when, where, and why.

The “nut” graphs that follow contain additional details,

quotes from sources, statistics, background, or other
information. These are added to the article in order of
importance, so that the least important items are at the
bottom.
• The lead
You begin with your lead (or lede), which
explains the what, where, when, how and who
of the story. This is where you paint a short
picture about your story and include the critical
piece of information that’ll keep readers
reading (ie the ‘hook’).
• The body
Here, you build your arguments and make your
points. Provide more detail. Throw in some
quotes. Add in your journalistic opinion to
create a little controversy. Whatever it is, this is
your main story.
• The tail
Finally, you end on the tail (in content
marketing, we call this a kicker). If the reader
wants to do more research or find out more
about what you’re writing, where should they
go? Provide this extra reading last.
 Benefits of the Inverted-Pyramid

Using the inverted pyramid style can:

• Improve comprehension
• Decrease interaction cost
• Encourage scrolling:
• Structure content logically
• Support readers who skim
 How to Write in the Inverted Pyramid Style

• Identify your key points.

What piece of information is the key fact you want
your readers to know, even if they only read a single
paragraph or sentence on the page?
What effectively summarizes all the information that
will follow?
• Rank secondary information.
Outline the story details and supporting information,
prioritizing the information that is most likely to be of
interest to the broadest audience, and moving down the
list to the smaller and more nuanced details.
• Write well and concisely. The structure only helps readers if
the content is strong. Cut unnecessary information. Get to the
point quickly. Use straightforward language. Use short
paragraphs and bulleted lists.
• Frontload all elements of content with important
information. The main headline should be descriptive. The
story should start with the main point. Each heading or
subheading should be descriptive. The first sentence of every
paragraph should be the most important. The first words in
each sentence should be information-carrying and indicate
what content will follow.
• Consider adding a summary or list of highlights. Some
sites go a step beyond and add a summary (like this article
does) or a bulleted list of key points to further emphasize the
main takeaways of the content.
Example story…

To secure netizens of advisory:

Laguna Gov slams fake account
Laguna Governor, Ramil Hernandez invoked the public to be
vigilant in reposting and sharing posts that easily spread via
social media advising them to be protected through his
official account, Oct 7.

In an interview, the governor reaffirmed that after the fake news

that spread via social media regarding the cancellation of classes
due to expected heavy rains caused by intensified tropical storm
Gorio, netizens must be careful in reposting especially if it is not
from his official site.

“Dapat tingnan nila, buksan nila yung official page ko. Kapag
hindi galing sa page ko mag-doubt na sila dun,” Hernandez said.

The post from the fake account encourages various reactions

from both teachers and students.
“It is really not usual for our governor to cancel classes, even if
our neighboring provinces like Cavite would suspend, we have
regular classes,” Keziah Bautista, a student of Pulo NHS said.

Instead of asking the teachers or waiting for announcement on

television, netizens find it more convenient to depend on social
media for advisory.

Moreover, it is already an acceptable proof for social media users

to see a post that looks like an official announcement from
known authority even without confirming eligibility if the site.
To sum it up…

The inverted pyramid structure simply means

placing the most fundamental information in the
lead paragraph of the story, and then arranging
the remaining details, from most important to
least important, in the following nut graphs.