Submitted to: Dr Sir Zubair Sahb

Submitted by: Hamid Ali Masood

Roll No: 58
Semester: 9th
Session: 2016-21
Subject: Theriogenology Clinic IV
Assignment No: 01
“How to keep the computerized record of dairy
farms including reproductive and productive
parameters”
DVM , FVAS
UNIVERSITY of POONCH RAWALAKOT
 RECORD KEEPING
• A dairy farm record is a document or a file that is used to keep account of
different activities, events, and materials regarding the farm operations, while
record keeping is documenting or writing those activities on a recording
materials or machines.
• Record keeping is a necessary element of good livestock business management.
• It is kept for
1. assisting in financial planning decisions,
2. providing data for government administrative and extension purposes,
3. assisting in livestock management decisions, and
4. evaluating overall activities of the dairy farm.
TYPES of DAIRY FARM RECORDS
• There are different types of dairy farm records that should be kept to run a successful farm
business.
• These are records of
1. Identification of cattle,
2. financial records,
3. production records,
4. health records,
5. record of agricultural inputs,
6. records of animal feeds,
7. daily farm records,
8. records of farm implements and equipment,
9. Workers and vehicle records .
METHODS of RECORD KEEPING
• Record-keeping can be accomplished through a variety of methods,

1. A basic manual (hand) record-keeping method

2. Elaborate computerized system.
• Selecting these methods depends on
1. the size of the herd,
2. the expected use of the records,
3. type of farms and
4. the individuals who own the farm.
COMPUTERIZED RECORD-KEEPING SYSTEM
• Historically, many farm managers have found keeping and analyzing farm records a challenge. However, a number of
challenges have been addressed through computerized record-keeping systems.
• A computer allows the dairy producer to have management reports available for
1. an individual cow,
2. a group of cows/ herd.
• These reports then allow the quality and effectiveness of management to be improved by using information in a
condensed form.
• These management reports should cover all areas of herd management, including
1. production,
2. nutrition,
3. reproduction,
4. inventory,
5. replacements,
6. financial and
7. health.
 TYPES of C-R-K SYSTEMS
• Computerized record-keeping system utilizes dairy management softwares,
• which can be categorized into three different types:
• Simple event and record display program,
• Fully-featured management program and
1. An Integrated management program.
• A simple event and record display program is designed to just keep and view the
records.
• The fully-featured management program, does not only keep records, but also analyzes
them.
• The integrated management program, is a full-featured management program that is
incorporated with real time sensors and monitors such as milk flow meters and feeding
systems.
• These sensors and monitors then send the information about milk production and
feeding patterns of individual cows or herd to the recording system.
 REPRODUCTIVE & PRODUCTIVE
PARAMETERS
Six performance variables are selected related to reproductive, productive, and health issues
Age at first calving (AFC): The average of the months since birth to the first calving for all the
females with a first calving in the respective year per herd.
Days open (DO): Average of the days since calving until the confirmed conception, for all the
cows that conceived in the respective year per herd.
Daily milk yield (DMY): Average in kilos per cow estimated from all the daily individual weighing
n the respective year per herd.
• Productive life (PL): Average of years in production since the first calving until culling, for all
thecows with record of cull in the respective year per herd.
• Incidence of mastitis during lactation (MAST): Percentage of lactations with at least one event
reported with clinical mastitis, regarding the total of lactations started in the respective year
per herd.
• Incidence of lameness during lactation (LAM): Percentage of lactations with at least one
reported event of a lameness, regarding the total of lactations started in the respective year
per herd.
Grouping of the Herds According to
Their Adoption Level of the
VAMPP®Bovine Program
 Statistical Trend Analysis
• The described variables were analyzed through a generalized linear mixed model using the
• GLIMMIX procedure of the SAS program . The statistical model is as follows:
• Y = β0 + β1ER + β2PB + β3HS + β4CP + β5AL_VAMPP + β6FY_VAMPP + β7AL_VAMPP× FY_VAMPP + eh + ih + ξ(1)
• where Y = response variables, measured at the herd per year level,
• µ = intercept; ER = fixed effect of the ecological region according to Holdridge (humid forest
• (tropical, low mountain, or pre-mountain), very humid forest (tropical, low mountain, or pre-mountain),
• pre-mountain rainforest];
• PB = fixed effect of the predominant breed (Holstein, Jersey, Holstein ×
• Jersey crosses, crosses amongst dairy breeds, crosses amongst dairy breeds × Bos indicus, other breeds);
• HS = fixed effect of the herd size according to categories based on the number of cows in production
• in the respective year per herd (1 = between 5 and 20, 2 = between 20 and 40, 5 = 100 or more
• cows); CP = fixed effect of the calendar period, every 5 years (≤1990, 1991–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005,
• 2006–2010, ≥2010); AL_VAMPP = fixed effect of the VAMPP Bovine program adoption level
• FY_VAMPP = fixed effect of the follow-up year in VAMPP Bovine (1, 2, 3..., 10); AL_VAMPP
• × FY_VAMPP = fixed effect of the interaction between the adoption level and the follow-up year in VAMPP Bovine;
• Eh = random between-herds variation; Ih = random within-herd variation; ξ = random residual error.
 Cost–Benefit Analysis
• To assess possible economic benefits derived from MIS implementation (VAMPP Bovine), an approach based on the partial
budgeting analysis is used. A base situation was assumed,with a herd of 100 cows in production, with a medium adoption level of
the MIS, and a time horizon of 5 years of follow-up with the program.
• Moreover, it was assumed that efficiency levels were similar to the ones observed in the study herds of the medium adoption level.
• The expected increase in costs (∆C) due to MIS implementation was estimated from initial investments in hardware and software,
as well as the additional labor needed for collecting, entering, and analyzing the information in the system.
• On the side of income, the expected increase (∆I) was calculated on the basis of economic values for the traits DO and DMY.
Economic values were defined as the expected change in gross margin (USD per cow per year) obtained as consequence of an
improvement of 1 unit in the respective trait.
• These values were obtained from the stochastic simulation model developed by Vargas and Cuevas, modified for the current
market conditions.
• To obtain an estimate of ∆I, economic values were multiplied by the expected rate of change in DO andDMY over the time horizon.
• This rate of change was assessed by fitting a linear regression on marginal means of DO and DMY during the 5 years of follow-up.
• Gross margin (GMMIS = ∆I − ∆C) and marginal return rate (MRRMIS = ∆GM/∆C), attributed to the MIS implementation, were also
calculated.
• Stochastic simulation was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the GMMIS and MRRMIS to marginal changes of ±10% in DO and DMY,
as well as their economic value, herd size, and costs directly associated with MIS, such as hardware, software, and labor costs.
Reproductive Performance Variables
Production Variables
COMPUTERIZED LIVESTOCK
MANAGEMENT SOFTWARES
• Livestock Management Software is a system that assists
farmers to record and keep track of their livestock from
birth all the way to sale.
• It captures all events of an animal as well as keep track
of most important dates in the lifetime of an animal.
• With the system, one can keep track of the number of
animals on the farm, costing and performance metrics, as
well as financial tracking from the sale of animals.
 Pasture and location
management:
• This is a feature that allows one to move animals from one
location to another and track the location history. You can visually
see which animals were in a particular area at any given time.
• The system also helps one to manage bull exposure as well as
make informed breeding decisions as the system has an
automatic inbreed detection mechanism.
• In addition to that, the system has multiple views that provide
information on where the animals are located and where they
were previously located.
Feed management:
• The system assists farm managers to have a feeding plan and
easily track the amount of food consumed by each animal.
• The feature comes in handy especially for ranch managers as
they can calculate the cost of feed that is being consumed
from each ranch.
• Thus, you can make an informed decision in the operation of
your farm.
Detailed livestock records:
• The software captures essential information of your animals
such as breed, gender, birth date, birth weight, dam among
others.
• You can save photos of each animal accompanied by detailed
information for later use.
• The system also allows one to keep track of events during
the lifetime of an animal.
Track due dates:
• With the feature, ranch managers can track the due dates for
each animal be it under pasture breed, AI, or embryos ranch
management.
• The system tracks the estimated calving period for animals
based on when they were exposed to the sires.
• With such information, it is possible to monitor the breeding
program of each animal with ease.
Event tracker:
• Events such as animal sale, treatment, animal breeding/AI
births, and deaths can be easily tracked using the system.
• The software comes with a custom event that is used to
enter information.
• Once an event is keyed in, it displays on the rancher’s
calendar thus able to keep a history of your operations.
Top Livestock Management Software
1. Ranch Manager
2. Chetu
3. Cattle Max
4. Livestocked
5. MiHub
6. Muuu
7. CattlePro
8. Agritec
RANCH MANAGER
• Ranch Manager Open is the first Livestock Management software to use
a voluntary licensing model. Basically, it is crowd funded. To get started,
no investment is required.
• Ranch Manager is Livestock Software designed for the modern livestock
business. Keep detailed livestock records. Manage ID, pedigree, and
breeding.
• Record multiple actions including treatments, sales, and animal locations.
• Track animal & herd performance including basic accounting capabilities
for managing Expenses, Profit & Loss. Keep a ranch calendar and add
unlimited notes to keep you organized
 CHETU
• Chetu’s livestock software specialists develop custom platforms for
centralizing all operations related to cattle management, as well as
poultry, horses, and other dairy herds.
• Chetu builds native and cross-platform mobile apps with full access to
the management platform and the ability for users to scan ID tags and
pull up animal specs with one click.
• Program modules for animal and breeding tracking, ranch
management, accounting, and more.
• Its specialized database management solutions enable ranchers to
view and edit data (pedigree, origin, health stats, pending events) on
every animal in the herd from any desktop or mobile device.
CATTLE MAX
• CattleMax is a complete herd management software for commercial
and registered beef cattle operations to track production,
performance, and marketing records.
• With over 8,000 ranches in all 50 U.S. states and over 70 countries,
CattleMax is the leading software choice for cow-calf ranches.
• Basic features include production records, cattle notes, medical
records, multi-record update, electronic ID features, pre-set and
custom reports and much more.
• CattleMax enables users to securely record, update, and share cattle
records across multiple devices, multiple users, and multiple locations.
LIVESTOCKED
• Livestocked is a better way to manage your livestock business online.
• With a business first approach to livestock record keeping and farm
management, Livestocked understands farmers would prefer to be in
the paddock and not in front of the computer.
• Its intuitive mobile interfaces help users manage their herd, semen &
embryo inventory, sales, and financials from the desk or out in the
paddock.
• Enjoy multi-species and multi-breed herd management through
mixed enterprise solution.
 MiHub
• MiHub Livestock turns weigh session data into clear, useful
information to help users monitor animal’s weight gains, track their
performance to target weights and identify top and bottom
performers via simple graphs and charts.
• Web-based, Tru-Test’s MiHub is accessible wherever there is an
internet connection giving a secure, 24/7 access to herd reporting and
task management.
• Connected online with in-shed hardware it works as a single system to
transfer data between in-shed modules and online databases to
provide users with real-time data capture and management.
• The MiHub Dashboard can be fully customized to present the most
relevant and useful information.
 Muuu
• Muuu is a collaborative CRM that analyzes the activities of
the cattle farm and generates a digital quality certificate to
promote the business with customers and the consumers of
your products.
• At Muuu, farmers, their teams and partners will be able to
share management activities.
• As well as compare and adjust the performance of the farms
in which they participate, in real time and in any device,
breaking down barriers in access to information, speeding up
operations so that everyone can focus on making good
decisions for the success of their business.
 CattlePro
• CattlePro greatly aids the producer in keeping up with
technology and the everyday demands of the cattle business.
• The CattlePro system was specifically tailored to the beef
industry’s unique needs, and it is also pre-wired and pre-
plumbed to make placement and installation easier than ever.
• CattlePro keeps making advancements to make record keeping
more simple and easier to use for current customers prospective.
• The program is also available in Spanish and Portuguese and
offers its customers the flexibility to switch languages with a click
of a button. CattlePro™ Prime and Prime Plus are designed for
the registered cattle rancher.
 Agritec
• Agritec gives users decision-making tools with fast, easy data
entry, and flexible yet powerful reporting.
• Available for Web, Desktop, and Mobile platforms. But that’s
just scratching the surface.
• With Agritec, farms can remain autonomous running the
desktop edition, and at the same time, farmers can use the
Web to share the data and reports.
• All working in sync. The most outstanding characteristic of
Agritec is its tremendous flexibility to adapt to the user. Most
reports can be easily configured by choosing from many
breakdowns, filters, and sorts.
COMPUTERIZED RECORD-
KEEPING SYSTEMS USED BY
• Computerized record-keeping system were developed and have been applied in large dairy
farms,
• because it has advantages of
1. allowing information to be summarized more easily,
2. printing the reports more easily and
3. handling huge data.
• But the utilization of a computerized recording system by small scale farmers is very rare and
not given the priority.
• Among the main reasons for the lack of usage are due to
1. the cost of buying the system which is expensive,
2. complexity of the program, and
3. the level of computer literacy.
 CHOOSING OF SOFTWARE
PROGRAMS
• The dairy producer should choose a software program that
best suits his/her needs.
• The data should allow dairy producers to determine how
they compare to other dairy producers,
• so they can determine the strong and weak points of their
operation.
• This comparison allows dairy producers to determine the
areas they can most improve in their herd management.
 REFERENCES
1. The Use of Computer Records: A Tool to Increase Productivity in
Dairy Herds by Sandra Estrada, Zazil Sánchez, Bernardo Vargas,
Carlos Salvador Galina, Department of Reproduction, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous
University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
2. Record-keeping systems adoption by Louisiana dairy farmers by
Elisabeth Grisham , Louisiana State University and Agricultural and
Mechanical College, egrish1@lsu.edu 2007
3. IoT for Development of Smart Dairy Farming Volume 2020 By
Maria Rosaria Corbo & Maruf Pasha

THE END
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