Our topic for today is all about

STATES
OF
MATTE
Your environment is full of
matter. Everything you see,
touch, hear , smell and taste
are matter.

Matter has three states.

 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
 Important Question

How will you

classify the
objects and
materials in your
surroundings?
Many things at home
and in school are
solid. Which of them
have definite color,
shape, size and
texture?
SOLIDS
Solid have definite
color, shape, size ,
texture and mass.
The molecules of
solids are close
together or
compact; that is why
they have definite
size and shape.
 They also occupy
space.
 Solids can be
described according
to their
characteristics.
Some solid are hard.
W Brittleness
Elasticity
O
Malleability
Proboscis
R Tenacity
D
Brittleness
 break easily when hit hard.

Glass window chalks

Porcelain vase
Tenacity
 do not break easily, this is why they last for a long time.

diamond

coin
Elasticity
 characteristics of a solid to be stretched or
molded.

rubber bands
Malleability
 to be bent, spread, or shaped when pounded
with a hammer or roller.

Barbed wire
Malleability
 to be bent, spread, or shaped when pounded
with a hammer or roller.

Barbed wire
LIQUIDS
 Liquids have no definite
shape.
 Particles in a liquid
slide against each
other and make the
liquid flow freely to
take the shape of its
container.
 Liquids may have taste
and smell. They also
occupy space.
 Other liquids are
viscous or flow very
slowly.

Condensed
milk
GAS
Can you see the air?
Can you touch it?
Does air have
weight?
Air is form of gas.
It cannot be seen,
touched, nor tasted,
but you can feel and
smell it.
Like liquid, gas follows
the shape of its
container.
It can be squeezed or
spread out to occupy
available spaces.
These particles are
very far apart and
move very fast in all
directions.
Gas has weight.
Oxygen is an important gas
in air.
The air we breathe
contains oxygen.
People and animals need it
in order to live.
 Activity Time
 What is anything that occupies space
and has mass?

a. Energy
b. Force
c. Matter
d. Motion
 Activity Time
 What is anything that occupies space
and has mass?

a. Energy
b. Force
c. Matter
d. Motion
 Activity Time
 Which is true about solids?

a. Solids occupy space.

b. Solids cannot be seen.
c. Solids do not have a
definite shape.
d. Solids follow the shape
of the container.
 Activity Time
 Which is true about solids?

a. Solids occupy space.

b. Solids cannot be seen.
c. Solids do not have a
definite shape.
d. Solids follow the shape
of the container.
 Activity Time
 Which statement is NOT correct?

a. Gases cannot be squeezed.

b. Solids have different colors.
c. Solids, liquid and gases occupy
spaces.
d. Liquids take the shape of their
container.
 Activity Time
 Which statement is NOT correct?

a. Gases cannot be squeezed.

b. Solids have different colors.
c. Solids, liquid and gases occupy
spaces.
d. Liquids take the shape of their
container.
 Activity Time
 Which of these liquids will flow
slowest when poured?

a. juice
b. water
c. vinegar
d. Condensed milk
 Activity Time
 Which of these liquids will flow
slowest when poured?

a. juice
b. water
c. vinegar
d. Condensed milk
 Activity Time
 What characteristics of solids is
shown when gold is made into rings and
necklaces?

a. brittleness
b. hardness
c. malleability
d. plasticity
 Activity Time
 What characteristics of solids is
shown when gold is made into rings and
necklaces?

a. brittleness
b. hardness
c. malleability
d. plasticity
 Now You Know!
 Matter occupies space.
Solids have definite shape. They may
be described according to their
hardness, brittleness, elasticity,
strength and malleability.
Liquids flow. They have no definite
shape.
Gases have no definite shape and
volume.
 Proper Handling and Use of
Common Materials Around Us
 We use different materials for cleaning, cooking,
eating, and repairing. The usefulness of a certain
material depends on its properties. These are
materials that are durable and therefore can be
reused many times.
 There are some that are not meant to be reused. Creative
and inventive people still find other ways to use them. There
are also materials that are made for certain purposes only
and can be harmful when not used or disposed properly.
 In order to minimize waste in our own household,
we have to know which materials are still useful and
which are ones should already be disposed.
 In the kitchen of your house, you can find an
assortment of common materials such as food and
beverages, cooking ingredients, drinking water, and
even a tank of liquefied petroleum gas.
Here are some things to do when
storing or handling some common
materials.
Wet food such as fish, poultry, and meat should be stored in
the freezer. This maintains freshness and prevents spoilage
of food. Even beverages such as juice and milk need to be
chilled and place inside the refrigerator. They taste when
served cold.
 Fruits and vegetables should be properly packed. Store
them in the chiller. Dry goods and grocery items should be
stored properly. Condiments, spices, and flavorings make the
food tasty. They should be properly labelled. Use them in
moderation as well.
 Provide designated areas for different households
materials. Do not keep non-food items such as alcohol,
bleaching liquid, or detergents in the kitchen cabinet.
 Avoid storing flammable materials such as paint and
gasoline. Never play with matches, candles, and other
materials that can start a fire.
 Learn to keep your toys properly after playing
with them. Do not leave them on the floor or on
the stairs.
 Use and handle tools properly. Do not play
with knives, scissors, and other sharp pointed
objects. Keep them in a safe place after use.
 Medicines should be labeled properly. Never take
medicines in the dark. Take only those which are
prescribed by the doctor. Store them in the medicine
cabinet.
 Maintain the labels of chemical substances such as
glue, paint thinner, and lubricant oil. Read the label
carefully. Use products only for their intended use.
Keep these materials in a safe place.
 Be aware of leaking faucets and gas tanks or
LPG ( liquefied petroleum gas) use for cooking.
Report this immediately to your parents.
 Garbage is one of the harmful materials at
home. Have a properly covered garbage bin to
prevent rats and roaches from infesting your
home.
Wrap Up
 Many solid, liquid and gas materials at home
are useful. They help us to maintain cleanliness
and help us in doing the household chores.
 Practice precautionary measures in using
storing, and disposing these materials.
Identify the household material being described in each sentence.

1. It is a gas used as fuel for cooking.

2. It is the most essential liquid used for drinking, cooking, and
washing.
3. It comes in capsule, tablet, or liquid form which can cure an
illness or disease.
4. It is one of the harmful materials at home.
Answer:
1. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
2. Water
3. Medicine
4. Garbage
 Changes in Solids,
Liquids, and Gases
 There are changes that take place in
matter. Some solids can be changed into
liquids. Some liquids can be changed into
solids. Some liquids and solids can be
changed into gases. Gases can be
changed into liquids.
How does matter change
from one state to another?
Freezing

Melting
Changing Solids
into Liquids
Changing Solids into Liquids
Changing Solids into Liquids

Look at the butter in the photo. It is melting.

What causes it to melt?

Some solid can be changed into liquids by heating or

exposing them to sunlight or air. Ice cubes, ice cream,
butter, and margarine change into liquids when heated or
left in an open place. The solids melt and become liquids.
Example:
Example:
Example:
Changing Liquids
into Solids
Changing Liquids into Solids

Liquids can be changed into solids by

freezing. If you put water, oil, melted
butter, and ice cream in the freezer,
they will become solids after some
time.
Changing Liquids into Solids
Example:
Example:
Remember:

 Solids can be changed into

liquids by heating.
Liquids can be changed into
solids by freezing.
Write True if the statement is
correct and false if not.

When cut a piece of cloth it will change is shape

and size but its material will still be the same.

TRUE
Write True if the statement is
correct and false if not.

Ice is solid. When ice melts, some of

its properties change.

TRUE
Write True if the statement is
correct and false if not.

Paper become liquid when

heated.
FALSE
Changes in Solids, Liquids, and
Gases
CHANGING LIQUIDS INTO
GASES
Changing Liquids into Gases
Have you observed water as it boils in a
container? As water boils, you will see a smoke-
like substance that rises from it. This smoke-
like substance is called steam or water vapor.
 When water is heated, water particles evaporate or rise in
the air. This is why water becomes less after it boils. A
similar thing happens when you pour alcohol in an open
container. After some time, you will not see the alcohol
anymore. This is because it has already evaporated or turned
into gas.

The process wherein liquids turn into gases is called

EVAPORATION.
Example:
Example:
CHANGING GASES
INTO LIQUIDS
Changing Gases into Liquids
Air contains water in the form of gas called
water vapor. When air touches the cold glass, it
becomes cold too. The water vapor then
changes into droplets of water on the surface
of the glasses.
 While the rice boils, the water evaporates. When
the water vapor reaches the surface of the lid, which
is cooler, it turns into liquid again. These are the
water droplets that you see on the lid. The process
of turning into liquids called CONDENSATION.
Example:
CHANGING SOLID INTO
GASES
Changing Solids into Gases
Observe a mothball. After a week or two,
you will see that it became smaller. What
happened to the mothball.
 With the help of air and heat, part of the mothball
has turned into gas. The same happens to solid air
fresheners. After some time, they become smaller
because they evaporated into the air.

The process of changing solid into gas without passing

the liquid phase is called SUBLIMATION.
Remember:
 The process of changing liquids into gases is called evaporation.

The process of changing solids into gases is called sublimation

The process of changing gases into liquids is called condensation.

Write True if the statement is correct
and false if not.

Water becomes solid when it is placed

in a freezer.

TRUE
 When you heat water, some of it will
change into gas.

TRUE
Sugar will turned into gas when it
burned.

FALSE
PHASES OF
MATTER
 Matter is made of tiny particle called molecules. These
molecules are smallest particles of a material that carry the
properties of the material. Molecules of sugar, for example
carry all the chemical properties of water. Molecules are very
small and cannot be seen by the naked eye.
 Matter also has weight. Weight is the measure of the
earth’s pull of gravity on an object. While mass can be
measured using a platform balance, weight can be
measured using a spring balance.
 When you say that an object weighs 10 grams or 10
kilograms, then you are describing its mass. Weight is
expressed in newton. The weight of an object changes
when the pull of gravity changes.
 Earth is 600 newton's, his weight becomes less as he travels
away from the Earth’s surface. He becomes weightless when he
reach the outer space. Although the astronaut’s weight changed,
his mass remains the same. This is because his mass is not
affected by the Earth’s pull of gravity.
 Place your eraser inside your pencil case. Does its
shape change?

Place it inside your bag. Does the shape of your eraser

change?
Solids have definite shape
The shape of a solid remains the same. It will only
change if you apply force to it. The shape of a chalk, for
example, it will remain the same unless you pound it.
 When you placed in a container, a solid does not take the
shape of the container. It keeps his original shape.

Solids have definite shapes because their molecules are

arranged in fixed pattern. Their molecules are held strongly
together and are tightly packed.
Solids have definite volume
The product tells you the amount of space the box occupies.
How much space matter occupies is called volume. Since the
particles of a solid are very close together, its volume cannot
be changed easily.
Solids cannot flow
Solid particles are held together by attractive forces
that prevent them from moving around. The particles
can vibrate but they stay in place.
Liquids do not have definite shape
They take the shape of their container, This is because the
particles of liquids are farther apart than those in solids.
These particles can move past one another but remain
touching one another.
Liquids have definite volume
The volume of a liquid cannot be changed because its particles are close
together and cannot be squashed. Although the particles can move past
each other, the attractive forces between them are weak enough to allow
them to move but strong enough to hold them together.
Liquids can flow
The water in the river flows. The tears from
your eyes also flow as you cry. Water in a river
and tears are examples of liquids.
Gases do not have definite shape
In gases, the particles do not touch each other. They are
far apart. Since there are not attractive forces between
them, they can move quickly in all directions to fill up the
space they are in.
 To inflate a balloon, you have to blow air into it.
Air does not only take the space in the balloon but
it also take its shape. Air is a mixture of different
gases.
Gases do not have definite volume
They fill the area or the container that holds them. Gases also
spread fast like liquids, gases can flow. They also exhibit fluidity.
This is how scents of flowers and cologne can spread out inside
the room.
 Everything around us is matter. We use it in our
everyday life. God gave us talents, skills, and abilities to
use them properly in order to improve our lives. The
misuse matter has resulted to several environmental
problems.
Write True if the answer is correct and False if not.

1. Matter exist in three phases: Solids, Liquid and gas.

2. Solids do not have definite volume and shape.

3. Gases have definite volume and shape.

4. Everything around us is matter.

5. Liquids do not flow.

Answer:

1. TRUE

2. FALSE

3. FALSE

4. TRUE

5. FALSE