Timing Issues

By Deepa .B
 Definitions
• Setup time: t setup = time before the clock
edge that data must be stable (i.e. not
changing)
• Hold time: t hold = time after the clock edge
that data must be stable
• Aperture time: t a = time around clock edge
that data must be stable (t a = t setup + t hold)
Setup time and Hold time
 Setup time
• Data should be stable before the clock edge
• Setup time is the amount of time the
synchronous input must be stable before the
capturing edge of clock.
• This is so that the data can be stored successfully
in the storage device
• Setup violations can be fixed by either slowing
down the clock or by decreasing the delay of the
data path logic.
Setup Time Formula
 Setup violation
• Output wave form
changing after
setup time (ts) and
hold time (t h ) due
to that there is no
setup violation.
 Setup Violation
• Output wave
form changing
in setup time
(ts) window due
to that there is
setup violation.
 Hold Time
• Data should be stable after the clock edge.
• Hold time is the amount of time the
synchronous input stays long enough after the
capturing edge of clock so that the data can be
stored successfully in the storage device.
• Hold violations can be fixed by increasing the
delay of the data path or by decreasing the
clock skew if specified in the design.
Hold Time Formula
 Hold Violation
• Output wave form
changing after
setup time (ts)
and hold time (t
h ) due to that
there is no setup
violation.
 Hold Violation
• Output wave form
changing after
setup time (ts)
and hold time (t
h ) due to that
there is no setup
violation.
 Recovery and Removal Time
• Recovery and removal analysis are done on
asynchronous signals like resets deassertion.
• These specify the requirement of these signals
with respect to clock.

 
 Recovery Time
• Is the minimum required time to the next
active clock edge the after the reset is
released.
• Recovery Time is similar to SETUP Time
requirement.
 Removal Time
•  Is the minimum required time after the clock
edge after which reset can be released.
• Removal Time is like HOLD Time requirement.
Recovery & Removal time
 Recovery Slack
Recovery Slack = Data Required Time – Data
Arrival Time
• Data Arrival Time = Clock Network Delay to FF1 +
Combination path delay to CLR of FF2.
• Data Required Time = Clock period + Clock
Network Delay to FF2/CP – Tr of FF2.
 Recovery Violation
• Deassertion Reset
wave form
changing in
recovery time (t
r ) window due to
that there is
recovery violation.
 Recovery Violation
• Reset wave form
changing before
recovery time (t
r ) due to that
there is no
recovery
violation.
 Removal Slack
Removal Slack = Data Arrival Time – Data
Required Time
• Data Arrival Time = Clock Network Delay to
FF1/CP + Combination path delay from FF1/Q to
FF2/CLR
• Data Required Time = Clock Network Delay to
FF2/CP + Tm of FF2
 Removal Violation
• Deassertion Reset
wave form
changing in
removal time (t
r ) window due to
that there is
removal violation.
 Removal Violation
• Reset wave form
changed after
recovery time (t r
) and removal
time (t m ) due
to that there is
no recovery
violation.