From-To Chart Example

From A B C D E F G H I Total
To
A 0

B 20 5 45 70

C 45 20 5 70

D 30 65 5 100

E 5 45 20 70

F 5 20 25 25 75

G 5 20 50 75

H 5 25 30 60

I 25 45 30 100

Total 100 70 70 100 70 75 75 60 620 1

1
From – To Chart (cont’)

Forward Backward
Distance from diagonal Distance from diagonal
1 x 260 = 260 2 x 1 x 10 = 20
2 x 130 = 260 2 x 2 x 70 = 280
3 x 130 = 390 2x3x0 = 0
4 x 15 = 60 2 x 4 x5 = 40
5x0 = 0 2x5x0 = 0
6x0 = 0 2x6x0 = 0
Total = 970 Total = 340
Total moment = 1.310 2
Activity Relationship Chart
 Suatu metode utk merencanakan &
menganalisis keterkaitan antara setiap
kelompok kegiatan yg saling berkaitan
 Jenis-jenis keterkaitan dapat terjadi:
 Between 2 production processes
 Between production process and service
activity, or other activities.
 Between 2 service activities.

3
ARC (cont’)
Closeness codes are:
Code Color Definition/closeness
rating
A Merah Absolutely necessary

E Jingga Especially Important

I Hijau Important

O Biru Ordinary Important

U Uncolored Unimportant

X Coklat Undesirable
4
Relationship Diagramming: Example
AA Absolutely
Absolutelynecessary
necessary
EE Especially
Especiallyimportant
important
II Important
Important
OO Okay
Okay
UU Unimportant
Unimportant
Production XX Undesirable
Undesirable
O
Offices A
U I
Stockroom O E
A X A
Shipping and
receiving U U
U O
Locker room O
O
Toolroom
5
Activity Relationship Diagram
 A relationship diagram is a spatial arrangement of
the departments to represent the relationship
data in a graphical way. This diagram is also
called an adjacency graph.
 There are 2 ways of making ARD:
 By making an Activity Template Block Diagram (ATBD)
 By using the combination of standardized lines and color
codes

6
Relationship Diagram

7
Relationship Diagrams: Example (cont’)

Offices Locker Shipping

room and
receiving

Key: A
E
I
Stockroom Toolroom Production
O
U
X

8
ARD (cont’)

A: E:

X:
Department No
Departement Name

I: O:

9
Space Requirements & Space
Availability
 Determination of the Production Rate
 Determination of Batch Production Quantities
 Economic Order Quantity Models
 Reject Allowance Problem
 Determination of Equipment Requirements
 Determination of Employee Requirements
 Manual Assembly Operators
 Machine Operators
 Determination of Space Requirements
 Tables for Aisle Allowance, Food Services and Restrooms
 Other Methods to Determine Space Requirements
 Parking Space

10
Designing the Layout
 After flow and activity analysis, determine the space
requirement, the alternative layouts should be
generated
 Simply, overall layout is generated by combining the
relationship diagram/ARD and space requirement.
 This combination is called a space-relationship
diagram. Then layout design could be modified based
on practical limitation and other considerations.
 Overall layout is performed as a block plan or area
allocation diagram. Block plan uses scale and show the
location using internal partitions or columns.

11
Space Relationship Diagram
 When the space requirements for the
departments are added to this relationship
diagram, then a space relationship
diagram has been constructed.

12
Space Relationships Diagram

13
Area Allocation Diagram

14
Operations Review for MortAmerica, Inc.

 Is there a significant increase in mortgage lending

operations of MortAmerica, Inc.?
 Are the costs of leasing and refurbishing interior space too
high?
 Is there a problem with the current location? For example:
 There is not enough space for expansion
 Major attorneys’ offices, other related financial institutions and
restaurants, are not located within a reasonable distance of
MortAmerica, Inc.
 Adequate parking space is not available
 Traffic is too congested
 Will a change in office location improve business?

15
SLP for MortAmerica, Inc.

 Evaluation
 Planning
 Site selection
 Design and layout

16
SLP for MortAmerica, Inc.

 Review current space utilization

 Determine space projections
 Determine level of interaction between
departments
 Identifying special consideration

17
Current and Future Space Requirements
Department Name Current/Future Categories of Employees and Number in Each Category
Requirements Senior Senior Staff Clerical/Secretary Net Gross
Executive Staff Space Space,
Required 150%
of Net
Space
Current space/employee 150 100 75
Number of employees 1 4 1
Current total 150 400 75 625 938
Customer Service (CS) space/category
Future space/employee 120 75
Number of employees 6 1
Future space/category 720 75 795 1,193
Current space/employee 200 100 75
Number of employees 2 10 2
Current total 400 1,000 150 1,550 2,325
Mortgage processing/marketing
space/category
(MP/M)
Future space/employee 250 200 100 75
Number of employees 1 1 15 1
Future space/category 250 200 1,500 75 2,025 3,038
Current space/employee 100 75
Number of employees 10 1
Current total 1,000 75 1,075 1,613
Credit check (CC) space/category
Future space/employee 80
Number of employees 5
Future space/category 400 400 600
Current space/employee 200 100 90 75
Number of employees 2 4 15 5
Current total 400 400 1,350 375 2,525 3,788
Operations Audit (O/A) space/category
Future space/employee 250 100 100 75
Number of employees 3 4 20 2
Future space/category 750 400 2,000 150 3,300 4,950
Current space/employee 250 200 100
Top management (TM)
Number of employees 5 2 5
Current total 1,250 400 500 2,150 3,225
space/category
Future space/employee 250 200 100
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Current and Future Space Requirements

Current gross space150% of Future gross space 150% of net

Support service area Current net space Future net space
net space space

Copying/Printing Area (C/P) 300 450 465 700

File Storage Room (FS) 300 450 80 120

Customer Waiting Lounge (CW) 300 450 800 1200

Conference Rooms (CR) 500 750 1000 1500

Employee Break Room (EBR) 200 300 850 1275

Rest Rooms (RR) 200 300 500 750

Total 1800 2700 3695 5545

19
Relationship diagram for MortAmerica, Inc.

Customer service (CS)

E
Mortgage processing (MP) I
E I
Credit check (CC) E O
I I O
Closing/underwriting (C/U) O E I
O I I I
Top Management (TM) I O I A
O I I U A
Operations/audit (O/A) U I X U O
O U U U A
I
X U U O
Copying/printing (C/P) A
U U O
A U
U U I
Files storage (FS) O
U I U I
Customer waiting (CW) U U X
A U U
Conference room (CR) X U
X A
Employee break room (EBR) X
I
Rest rooms (RR)

20
Activity relationship diagram for
MortAmerica, Inc.
TM

CC
MP

O/A
RR
C/U

CS

CW
FS

CR

C/P EBR

21
Space relationship diagram for MortAmerica,
Inc.

TM

CC
MP

O/A
RR
C/U

CS

CW
FS

CR

C/P EBR

22