CHAPTER 12

« ARREST AND TRIAL OF

RIZAL »

MARTINEZ, TRISHA MARIE

MENDOZA, JENEVIC JIOIA
● August 6, 1896 – upon arriving in Manila Bay, Rizal was not able to
leave immediately for Spain since the vessel Isla de Luzon already left.

● He was transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla and stayed there for a

month from August 6 to September 2, 1896.

● August 19, 1896 – the Katipunan plot to overthrow the Spanish rule by
means of revolution, it was discovered by Fr. Mariano Gil after
Teodoro Patino’s disclosure of organization’s secrets.

● At that time, Katipunan was already discovered and the Phlippine

Revolution was already raging.
• In the afternoon, Governor General Blanco proclaimed a state war in
the first eight provinces for rising arms against Spain.
 Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija
and Tarlac.
• Rizal received letters from Governor General Blanco which
absolved him from all the blame for the raging revolution.

• He transferred to Isla de Panay which was sailing for

Barcelona, Spain.

• Don Pedro Roxas – advised Rizal to stay and take advantage

to the protection of British Law.
• September 30 – the Isla de Panay had already sailed past Port Said in
Egypt and was now sailing in the Mediterranean. 

• A telegraphic message was received ordering that Rizal be placed under

arrest.

• Bernardino Nozaleda – Archbishop of manila who clamored for the

arrest of Rizal who was said to be the spirit of Philippine Revolution.

• October 3 – the Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona and Rizal was sent to
a prison-fortress, Montjuich Castle.
 Rizal’s interview with Despujol he would be shipped back
to Manila.
 
 On the night of the same day, after the interview, Rizal was
taken abroad the Colon which was loaded with the Spanish
troops sailed for Manila.

 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez – they exerted

all their efforts to find a lawyer in Singapore who could aid
their friend.
 So ayon nga PO dahil gusto ni Dr. Antonio Regidor at Sixto Lopez na tulungan si rizal na hanapan ng lawyer sa Singapore para
makakatulong mapawalang bisa yung pag aresto kay rizal, Ang kanilang pinili ay si
 Attorney Hugh Fort – na isang English lawyer sa Singapore.
 Unfortunately, Chief Justice Lionel, the judge in Singapore denied the request.
Despite an attempt by Antonio Regidor and Sixto Lopez to secure a writh of Habeas corpus for rizal in Singapore, rizal remained in Spanish
costudy
So ano ba tong writh of habias corpus, in English po it means “you may have the body” – ito po yung pagdala sa isang tao sa korte para
alamin kung karapat dapat ba ang kanyang pagkakakulong, so dito po pwede mo kwestyunin kung bakit ang isang tao ay inaresto or kung
bakit sya ikukulong. So yun yong inissue ni Antonio Regidor and Sixto Lopez sa pamamagitan or sa tulong ni Attorney Fort sa Singapore
kaya nga lang deninied naman ni Chief Justice Lionel, sabi nya hindi applicable yung writh of habeas corpus kasi yong sasakyan na colon
na sinasakyan ni rizal ay pag aari naman ng spain at hindi sakop ng batas ng Singapore. Sooo noong
 November 3, 1896 ito na – the Colon arrived in Manila bay and Rizal was taken to Fort Santiago sa may
intramuros.
So diba Pinatay si rizal ng December 30, 1896 so almost sabihin na nating 1 month nalang malapit na syang iexecute
ditto.
 Fort Santiago- Rizal detained, tight security (so sa fort santaigo nga sya kinulong at doon bawal sya makipag
usap kahit kanino)
 Spanish authorities look evidence against him
 Filipinos who sympathized with him were arbitrarily harassed and tortured
 Documents and Letters of Rizal’s friends were seized by civil guards
So talagang makikita natin na sobrang higpit ng pagkakakulong sa kanya.
 The Trial
 So nung November 20, 1896 na (dito nag start yung Preliminary
investigation) – Rizal was brought before a Spanish military
tribunal headed by Colonel Francisco Oliver Garcia.
 Si Colonel Francisco Oliver Garcia-sya yung judge advocate, at sya
po yung nag investigate kay rizal for five days
 Fifteen documents were used as evidence against Rizal
 Oral testimonies were taken and were used to implicate Rizal in the Philippine
Revolution.
At yung mga tao na iyon na nagsabing sangkot nga si rizal sa rebolusyon ay sina dr. Pio
Valenzuela, Jose Dizon, Ambrucio Salvador, Francisco Quezon, Timoteo Paez, Moises Salvador,
Jose Reyes, Aguedo Del Rosario, Leodato Arellano, Pedro Cerano Lactaw, Antonio Salazar, at
martin constantino sooo napagdisisyunan ditto na
 there was prima facie evidence against him. Na mga ebidensya silang hawak
 Governor General appointed Captain Rafael Dominguez to institute charges against
Rizal.
 So si Dominguez yung gumawa ng report about sa mga charges na isasampa or ikakaso kay
rizal
Andd si
Nicolas de la Peña naman- sya yung Judge Advocate General na nagbigay ng
mga recommendations: sabi nya
1. The accused be brought to trial without delay
2. The accused be incarcerated in prison (kelangan daw sya ikulong)
3. The accused should be defended in court by an army officer sooo
army officer yung magdedepensa kay rizal sa korte at hindi isang
civilian lawyer.
Kayaaa ang pinili nyang magdedepensa sa kanya ay si
● Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade – na kuya naman ng kanyang dating
bodyguard na si Jose Taviel de Andrade.
● Charges that were refuted by Rizal to wit: ito ang sabi ni
rizal
1. Since his deportation in Dapitan within 4 years, he had not
engaged in any political activities
2. The declaration of the witnesses against him were fabricated
and not true (hindi daw totoo ang mga sinasabi ng witnesses
laban sa kanya)
● Nung December 13, 1896- ditto sumulat sya ng public
declaration ng kanyang pinaniniwalaang hangarin which is to
stop shedding of blood and to achieve freedoms through
education and hard work
At sinulat nya po ito habang sya ay nakakulong sa
● Prison cell at Fort Santiago
 December 13 din na yon – the case was forwarded to Governor
General Camilo de Polavieja – sya yung pumalit kay Governor
Blanco.
nung
 December 24 na- ang 7 myembro ng Ordinary Court Martial sa
kasalukuyan ay sina
1. Colonel Jose Tagores Arjona (Calvary)
2. Ricardo Muñoz Arias (Captain, Artillery)
3. Manuel Reguera ( Captain, Calvary)
4. Santiago Osorio ( Captain, Rangers)
5. Manuel Escribano ( Captain, Engineers)
6. Fermin Rodriguez- ( Captain, General Oddinance)
7. Enrique de Alcocer- appointed prosecutor
 SO ayan ditto na tayo sa kung saan si Rizal ay nilitis na sa
Court Martial
 Rizal’s actual trial began on December 26, 1896 na ginanap sa Hall of Banners of the Cuartel de
España sa Fort Santiago.
 At ang mga Present non sa korte ay sina
1. Rafael Dominguez- judge advocate
2. Enrique de Alcocer- prosecuting Attorney
3. Jose Rizal- the accused
4. Traviel de Andrade- his defender
5. Josephine Bracken
6. Rizal’s sister
so sa pagsisimula ng trial, si Judge Advocate Dominguez opened the trial by reading the charges
against Rizal which is yun ngang sinasabing 3 crimes na
 rebellion, sedition and formation of illegal associations.
● Yung dalawang unang crimes which is yung rebellion and sedition ito ay punishable by life
inprisonment to death samantalang yung illegal associations naman ito ay punishable with
imprisonment and a fine of 325-3,250 pecetas.
● So sa pagdedefend ni rizal sa kanyang sarili, nag present sya ng kanyang mga arguments at
points of facts: sabi nya
1. I could not be guilty of rebellion because I even advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan
not to rise revolution
Kasi nga diba during the time na nasa dapitan si rizzal, dinalaw sya doon ni pio Valenzuela para
humingi ng advice sa pinaplano nilang rebolusyon pero sabi nya nga huwag daw dahil hindi pa
handa ang mga Pilipino sa pag aklas.
2. The revolutionist used my name without my knowledge. If I were guilty, I could
escaped from Singapore
3. If I had the hand in revolution I could escaped from Moro vinta and would not build a
house and bought land in Dapitan. (sabi nyakung talagang balak nya mag aklas, di sya
bumili ng lupa at tumira sa dapitan.)
4. If I were the chief in revolution why was I not consulted by the revolutionist?
5. La Liga Filipina does not live long, after the first meeting , I was deported to Dapitan
and it died out
6. If La Liga Filipina was reorganized nine months later, I did not know about it
7. It was true that I write the Constitution and By Laws of the La Liga Filipina but
this is only a civic organization not a revolutionary society kung baga sabi nya
hindi nya binuo yon para sa pag aaklas
8. While it was true that there were some bitter statements in my letter, it was
because they were written when my family was being persecuted, dispossed of
their land and home, my brother and brother-in-law were deported without due
process
9. It is not true that the revolution was inspired in one of my speech in the house of
Doroteo Ongjunco
10. My life in Dapitan had been exemplary as evidenced by my productive activities
Sinasabi ditto na Tinanggap daw lahat ng military court lahat ng charges and
evidences against kay rizal at inignore naman daw nila yung arguments na in favor
kay rizal.
 Rizal was not given the right to face his accusers and the witness against him in an open court
(si rizal ay hindi daw binigyan ng pagkakataon na makaharap yung mga nag witness sa kanya at
Hindi rin sya pinayagan na magkaroon sya ng magtetestify na sya ay walang sala Kaya dahil don
inexpect nya na na hindi fair at honest yung magiging resulta ng paglilitis sa kanya.
 Bali ito yung Procedure of trial ni Rizal
1. prosecution’s brief was read before the court by the prosecutor
2. Andrade present the defense brief on December 25
3. Rizal completed the process by reading his “Addition to my defense” on December 26

So nung December 23- don palang nareceive ni Rizal at Andrade yung brief for the prosecution at nung
December 26 agad nagumpisa yung trial, meaning 2 days lang yung kanilang naging preparations
non, Innocents Day, military courts submit verdict on the charges against Rizal
 Despite don sa mga prenesent ni rizal,

 The Court judged Rizal guilty for the charges and voted for the
death penalty.
 At nung ngang December 28, 1896 – Pinirmahan na ni Governor
General Polavieja yung death warrant ni rizal and it was stated
that he will be shot 7 o’clock in the morning at Bagumbayan.

 At nung December 29 nga- Rizal received the judgement. Nabasa

na nya yung sentence sa kanya.
 Rizal signed it saying that he was innocent
Ang Last favor ni Rizal is to have his family see him for the last time.
Thank
You!