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Concatenated SDH Principle
Concatenated SDH Principle
Concatenated SDH Principle
5/2002-096
Bandwidth growth
Rate Comparison
Virtual Concatenation
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
Application
Standards
x4
x1 x1
STM-64 AUG-64 AU-4-64c VC-4-64c C-4-64c
x4
x1 x1
STM-16 AUG-16 AU-4-16c VC-4-16c C-4-16c
x4
x1 x1
STM-4 AUG-4 AU-4-4c VC-4-4c C-4-4c
x4
x1
x1
STM-1 AUG-1 AU-4 VC-4 C-4
x1
x3 TUG-3 TU-3 VC-3
x3
x1 x7
C-3
STM-0 AU-3 VC-3
x7
x1
TUG-2 TU-2 VC-2 C-2
pointer processing x3
1
X-1 X 260
X 261
• the first column of the VC-4-Xc is always located in the first AU-4
• the pointer of this first AU-4 indicates the position of the J1 byte of
the VC-4-Xc. The pointers of AU-4 #2 to #X are set to the
concatenation indication to indicate a contiguously concatenated
payload
Rate Comparison
Virtual Concatenation
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
Application
Standards
the solution:
Virtual Concatenation
© 2002 Lucent Technologies Concatenation Tutorial
Bandwidth growth
Rate Comparison
Virtual Concatenation
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
Application
Standards
Why:
Prerequisites:
C-n-Xc
125 s
9
1 m+1
1
1 m+1
1
overhead
VC-n-Xv
overhead
VC-n#X
9 125 s
VC-n#1
9 125 s
X VC-n = VC-n-Xv
1 C-n
2 C-n
X C-n
Ring
End-to-end traffic
is VC-n-Xv
Y VC-ns
(Y<X) (X-Y) VC-ns
Working path
Protection
path
Transport
network
container X in steps of up to
C-11-Xc 1 - 63 1.6 Mbit/s 100.8 Mbit/s
C-12-Xc 1 - 63 2.0 Mbit/s 137.1 Mbit/s
C-3-Xc 1 - 256 49 Mbit/s 12.7 Gbit/s
C-4-Xc 1 - 256 150 Mbit/s 38.3 Gbit/s
VC-2/VC-1 POH V5
Bit number:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Bit number:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
R Reserved bit
2nd stage: Virtual Concatenation control in K4 bit 2
• not restricted to the situation in which all the individual VC-ns are
contained within a single Multiplex Section
the solution:
LCAS
© 2002 Lucent Technologies Concatenation Tutorial
Bandwidth growth
Rate Comparison
Virtual Concatenation
Prerequisites:
Operation:
• use virtual concatenation operation for differential delay
compensation and de/re-construction of payload
• each control packet describes the state of the link during the next
control packet
• changes are sent in advance, so that the receiver can switch to the
new configuration as soon as it arrives.
MFI_z
information of member_n in VCG_a SQ_p
VCG_z
CTRL_p
MST_a(n) GID_z member_p
RS-Ack_a CRC_y
MFI_a MST_z(p)
VCG_a SQ_n RS-Ack_z
member_n CTRL_n
GID_a
CRC_x
ASSIGN
SEQ# > EOS
see note 1
FADD
ADD
NORM
FEOS F NORM
FEOS
Y N
LA S T? send to CNORM
member(i-1)
send to
CEOS
member(i-1)
Y N
FDNU LAST?
RENUMBER
SEQUENCE
see note 3
DNU send to
CEOS member(i-1)
CEOS CNORM
Y N REMOVE
send to LAS T?
member(i-1)
FEOS FNORM
ROK RFAIL
send to
CNORM member(i-1)
FIDLE
ROK
RFAIL
FAIL
START
VC-2/VC-1 POH V5
Bit number:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Bit number:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
G A
Frame count Sequence indicator CTRL I R R R R c Member Status CRC-3
D k
R Reserved bit
2nd stage: Virtual Concatenation + LCAS control in K4 bit 2
FAIL FAIL
ADD SQ=5 ADD SQ=6
OK
MST=OK
NORM SQ=4 ADD SQ=6 EOS SQ=5
RS-Ack
OK
MST=OK
EOS SQ=6 NORM SQ=5
RS-Ack
RS-Ack
MST=FAIL
REMOVE
IDLE
RS-Ack
REMOVE
IDLE IDLE
decreased
capacity
OK
MST=OK
decreased
capacity
OK
MST=OK
Application
Standards
SDH, SONET and OTN provide fixed rate channels, with virtual
concatenation and LCAS to provide the best match
Standards
T1.105*
Concatenation, contiguous, virtual
+ LCAS (equipment Specific)
generic LCAS, refers to ITU
generic GFP, refers to ITU
G.7042*
G.7041*
ETSI
Concatenation, contiguous, virtual EN 300 417-9-1