Drills and Ceremonies

Honor. Patriotism. Duty.
This session…
Will consume
2 hours and 30 mins
with break
ROADMAP
Explain and Show the following:
Application
Summarize all topics and subtopics
explained.
Assessment
OBJECTIVES
TLO: Perform the Battalion Ceremonial
Parade in accordance with the FC 8-043:
Manual on Drills and Ceremonies of the
AFP 2002.
ELO: Show the Squad Drill, Platoon Drill,

Company Drill and Battalion Drill
SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS
In case of emergency, students should
follow the escape routes as prescribed by
the evacuation plan
In case of fire, do not panic and if possible,

bring along valuables outside and proceed
to the designated area
SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS
In case of earthquake, do not panic, do
the drop-cover and hold technique.
Find your way calmly and proceed at
the designated area.
CLASSROOM RULES
Silent Mode Take Note of Any Queries
Participation
Silently go towards CR if
in need.
No Sleeping Policy
REFERENCES
FC 8-043:
Manual on Drills and
Ceremonies of the AFP
2002
SCOPE
Definition of Drill Terms
Commands and Voice Command
Individual Positions and Stationary Movements
Steps and Marching
Inspections with and without arms
Squad Drill
Platoon Drill
Company Drill
Battalion Drill
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS AND INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS
(Pass in Review)
an oral order of a commander or leader
The commander gives the command MANUMBALIK

(AS YOU WERE) to revoke a preparatory command that he
has given. The command MANUMBALIK must be given
prior to the command of execution.
Drills
consist of certain movements by which the squad, platoon,
company or battalion is moved in an orderly manner from one
formation to another.
increase skill and coordination, they accustom a soldier to respond
to commands.
promote teamwork. It is important for a soldier to know and
understand a drill, otherwise, its value is lost. It must be
remembered that a drill is conducted with precision.
BY 2028, A WORLD-CLASS ARMY THAT IS A SOURCE OF NATIONAL PRIDE.
“The spirit of discipline, as distinct from its outward and visible guises, is the
result of association with martial traditions and their living embodiment.” – B.H.
Liddell Hart, Thoughts on War, 1944
TWO PART COMMANDS
1. The preparatory command states the movement to be
carried out and mentally prepares the soldier for its
execution. In the command PASULONG KAD, the
preparatory command is PASULONG.
2. The command of execution tells when the movement is
to be carried out. In PASULONG KAD, the command of
execution is KAD.
ENGLISH VERSION TO FILIPINO VERSION
In general, the word NA is used to signal the command of
execution except for the following:
a)TA – (abbreviated SANDATA) manual of arms for rifles and pistols
except for KALIS and TALIBONG, which fall under general rule.
b)KAD – (abbreviated LAKAD) from at rest to motion and all
subsequent commands in motion, e.g.: PASULONG, KAD.
c)TO – (abbreviated HINTO) from motion to rest.
d)RAP – (abbreviated HARAP) in HANDA HARAP as literal translation
of READY FRONT. They are also to be used in the commands left face,
right face and about face.
e) DA – (abbreviated HUMANDA) for attention.

f) NGA – (abbreviated PAHINGA) in TIKAS PAHINGA or
PARADE REST.
ENGLISH VERSION TO FILIPINO VERSION
g) Combined commands
h) Supplementary commands
i) Mass Commands
j) Directives
g) COMBINED COMMANDS - The preparatory command and

the command of execution are combined, for example,
HUMANAY (FALL IN), PALUWAG (AT EASE), LUMANSAG
(DISMISS).
h) SUPPLEMENTARY COMMANDS
Supplementary commands are oral orders given by a
subordinate leader to reinforce and complement a commander’s
orders. A supplementary command may be a preparatory
command, a portion of a pre-command, or a two-part command.
For example, the platoon is in column formation and the platoon
leader commands DALAWAHANG TUDLING SUNUDSURAN
MULA SA KALIWA (pause), KAD. The first and second TUDLING
leaders command PASULONG; the third and forth TUDLING
leaders command MANATILI (STAND FAST).
On the command of execution KAD, the first and
second squads march forward. At the appropriate time,
the squad leader (third) nearest the moving element
commands LIKO HATING KALIWA, KAD (for both
remaining squads).
h) SUPPLEMENTARY COMMANDS
Platoon leaders give supplementary commands following
the commands of the commander. When the preparatory
command is BALANGAY, the platoon leaders immediately come
to attention and command PULUTONG. The company
commander allows for all supplementary commands before giving
the command of execution.
i) MASS COMMANDS
used to develop confidence and promote enthusiasm.
When the commander wants the unit to use mass commands, he
commands SA AKING PAG-UTOS (AT MY COMMAND). The
commander gives preparatory command describing the movement
to be performed.
DIRECTIVES
Described as all oral orders given by the commander that direct
or cause subordinate leader to take actions.
Example: “ITANGHAL ANG SANDATA”. “PAMUNUAN ANG INYONG

PANGKAT O TILAP, PULUTONG, BALANGAY” is the only directive with
which a commander relinquishes his command and with which salutes
are exchanged. A subordinate commander, upon receiving a directive,
will resort to the normal two-part command.
Everyone in the unit will easily
understand a correctly delivered
command. Correct commands
have a tone, cadence, and snap
that demands willing, correct, and
immediate response.
VOICE CONTROL
The best posture for giving commands is the position of
attention. Soldiers in formation are prone to adopt the posture
of their leader. If the posture is unmilitary (relaxed, slouched,
stiff or uneasy), the subordinates will imitate it.
The most important muscle used in breathing is the
diaphragm - the large muscle that separates the chest cavity
from the abdominal cavity.
The diaphragm automatically controls normal

breathing and is used to control the breath in giving
commands. The throat, mouth and nose act as
amplifiers and help to give loudness (resonance) and
projection to the voice.
DISTINCTIVENESS
Depends on the correct use of the tongue, lips and
teeth that form the separate sounds of a word into
syllables. Emphasize correct enunciation (distinctiveness)
and enunciate clearly making full use of the lips, tongue
and lower jaw.
To develop the ability to give clear and distinct
commands, practice giving commands slowly and carefully,
prolonging the syllables.
INFLECTION
Inflection is the rise and fall in pitch and the tone changes
of voice.
CADENCE
in commands means a uniform and rhythmic flow of
words. The interval between commands must be uniform
in length for any given troop unit.
Longer commands, such as KANANG PANIG, KAD (RIGHT
FLANK MARCH), must be started in such a way that the
preparatory command will end on the proper foot,
and leave a full count between the preparatory
command and the command of execution.
“Maintain discipline and caution above all things, and be on the alert to obey the
word of command. It is both the noblest and the safest thing for a great army to be
visibly animated by one spirit.” – Archidamus of Sparta
POSITION OF ATTENTION
a. Bring your heels together smartly on the same line.
b. Turn your feet out equally (45 degrees)
c. Keep your knees straight without stiffness.
d. Hold your hips level, your body erect, your chest lifted and arched, your shoulders
square and even.
e. Let your arms hang straight down without stiffness, thumbs along the seams of your
trousers. Hold the back of your hands out, with the fingers held naturally so that the
thumbs rest along the tip of the forefingers.
f. Look straight to the front (about 30 yards ahead).
g. Rest the weight of your body equally on the heels and the balls
of your feet.
h. Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise directed.
Parade Rest
The command is TIKAS, PAHINGA.
1.On the command of execution, PAHINGA, and at the
count of one, move the left foot smartly twelve inches to the left
of the right foot.
2.The 12 inches are measured from the inside of the left
heel to the inside of the right heel.
3.The left hand is placed at the small of the back, just below
the belt, and the right hand is placed inside the left.
4.The thumb of the right hand interlocks the thumb of the left
hand.
5.All the fingers are extended and joined and the palms are
to the rear. The elbows shall be in line with the body.
The only command is TILAP/PULUTONG or BALANGAY,
DA. On the command of execution, DA, smartly bring the left
heel against the right heel and, at the same time, drop the arms
to the sides and assume the position of attention.
Stand at Ease
The command for this movement is TINDIG PALUWAG. On
the command of execution PALUWAG, execute PARADE
REST, but turn the head and eyes directly toward the
person in charge of the formation. AT EASE or REST may be
executed from this position.
At Ease
The command for this movement is
PALUWAG. On the command
PALUWAG, the soldier may move,
however, he must remain standing and
silent with his right foot in place.
PAHINGA may be executed from this
position.
Rest
The command for this movement is
PAHINGA. Soldier may move or talk,
keeping his right foot in place, unless
otherwise directed. At ease may be
executed from this position.
Fall Out
At the command TIWALAG, you may leave the ranks but
you are required to remain in the immediate area. You
resume your former place at attention in ranks at the
command HUMANAY.
DISMISS
At the command LUMANSAG, the troops shall execute
about face and leave the immediate vicinity, unless
instructed otherwise.
EYES RIGHT
Used as a courtesy to reviewing officers and dignitaries during parades
and ceremonies. It is a one-count movement and the command is given
while halted at attention or marching at quick time. The commands are
HANDA TINGIN SA KANAN (KALIWA), NA and HANDA, RAP.
Assume you are halted at attention. Upon the approach of the
reviewing officer, the unit leader commands, HANDA TINGIN SA
KANAN. On the command of execution, NA, and at the count of one,
all members of the formation smartly turn their heads 45 degrees to the
right. The shoulders remain square to the front.
There is no command to terminate this movement. When the reviewing officer comes into your line of
vision, you will follow his movement with your head and eyes until they are straight to the front. At this time the
movement is terminated, and you remain at the position of attention until given another command.
FACING AT THE HALT
a. Facing to the flank is a two-count
movement. HARAP SA KANAN (KALIWA),
RAP.
1. On the command of execution, RAP slightly
raise the right heel and left toe
2. Turn 90 degrees to the left on the left heel,
assisted by a slight pressure on the ball of the
right foot.
3. On the second count, place the right foot
beside the left foot, resuming the position of
attention.
4. Arms remain at the sides, as in the position of
attention, throughout this movement.
FACING AT THE HALT
b. Facing to the rear is a two-count movement.
HARAP SA LIKOD, RAP.
1.On the command of execution RAP, move the toe of the right foot to a
point touching the marching surface about half the length of the foot to
the rear and slightly to the left heel.
2.Rest most of the weight of the body on the heel of the left foot and
allow the right knee to bend naturally.
3.On the second count, turn to the right 180 degrees on the left heel and
ball of the right foot, resuming the position of attention.
4. Arms remain at the sides, as in the position of

attention, throughout this movement.
HAND SALUTE
The hand salute is a one-count movement. The command is
PUGAY KAMAY, NA, when wearing a headgear with visor.
On the command of execution NA
raise the right hand sharply, fingers and thumb extended and joined
palm facing down, and place the tip of the right forefinger on the rim
of the visor slightly to the right of the right eye.
The outer edge of the hand is barely downward so that neither the
back of the hand nor the palm is clearly visible from the front.
The hand and the wrist should be straight, the elbow inclined slightly
forward, and the upper arm is horizontal to the ground with

your forearm inclined at 45 degrees.
HAND SALUTE
HAND SALUTE
HAND SALUTE
Order Arms from the hand salute is a one-count movement. The
command is BABA, KAMAY, NA. On the command of execution NA, return
the hand sharply to the side resuming the position of attention.
When the rifle is slung to the right shoulder, the left hand shall
automatically hold the sling of the rifle across the body then execute the
hand salute in the same manner as described in sub-paragraph a.
When carrying a rifle, salute can be done either in the position of
Attention or while in Right Shoulder Arms. When executing Order Arms,
raise the rifle at least three (3) inches above the ground.
Then execute sharply the salute by touching the muzzle

of the rifle with the left hand. When executing at Right
Shoulder Arms, just follow the same sequence in the former
but now touching the rear sight knob of the rifle.
REMOVE HEADGEAR
To remove a headgear is a two-count
movement. The command is ALIS KUPYA,
NA. On the last note of the preparatory
command ALIS KUPYA, hold your visor with
your right hand (with your left hand if
under arms) including the chinstrap if
making use of it. At the command of
execution NA, remove the headgear from
your head and bring the cap to your side.
RETURN HEADGEAR
In returning the headgear, the command is
BALIK KUPYA, NA. On the last note of the
preparatory command BALIK KUPYA, place
the headgear on your head (if making use of a
chin strap, fix the strap in your chin and hold
your visor again) holding your visor. At the
command of execution NA, bring down your
hand smartly to the position of Order
Arms/Attention.
All marching movements executed from the halt are
initiated from the position of Attention. Except for route
step march and at ease march, all movements are
executed while marching at attention. Marching at
attention is the combination of the position of Attention
and the procedures for the prescribed step executed
simultaneously. When executed from the halt, all steps
except right step begin with the left foot.
THE 30-INCH STEP (QUICK TIME)
To march with a 30-inch step from the halt, the command is
PASULONG, KAD. On the command of execution KAD,
1.step forward 30 inches with the left foot and continue marching with
30-inch steps, keeping the head and eyes fixed to the front.
2.The arms swing in natural motion, without exaggeration and without
bending at the elbows, approximately 6 inches straight to the front and
3 inches straight to the rear of the trouser seams, knuckles out facing
forward, fingers formed into a fist with the thumb over the forefinger.
To march with a 30-inch step from the halt, the command is PASULONG, KAD. On
the preparatory command PASULONG, shift the weight of the body to the right foot
without noticeable movement. On the command of execution KAD, step forward 30
inches with the left foot and continue marching with 30-inch steps, keeping the head
and eyes fixed to the front. The arms swing in natural motion, without exaggeration and
without bending at the elbows, approximately 6 inches straight to the front and 3 inches
straight to the rear of the trouser seams, knuckles out facing forward, fingers formed
into a fist with the thumb over the forefinger.
•In halt while marching, the command TILAP (PULUTONG), HINTO shall be given. The
preparatory command TILAP (PULUTONG) is given as either foot strikes the marching
surface as long as the command of execution TO is given the next time that foot strikes
the marching surface. The halt is executed in two counts. After HINTO is commanded,
execute the additional step required after the command of execution and then bring the
trail foot alongside the lead foot, assuming the position of Attention and terminating the
movement.
In halt while marching, the command TILAP (PULUTONG),
HINTO shall be given. The preparatory command TILAP
(PULUTONG) is given as either foot strikes the marching
surface as long as the command of execution TO is given the
next time that foot strikes the marching surface. The halt is
executed in two counts. After HINTO is commanded,
execute the additional step required after the command of
execution and then bring the trail foot
alongside the lead foot, assuming the position of

Attention and terminating the movement.
Quick Time from Double Time
Assume you are marching forward at double time and you receive
the command, SIGLANG HAKBANG, KAD. The command of execution
may be given as either foot strikes the deck. The command will be given
as the left foot strikes the deck. On the command of execution, KAD,
your next step will be a 30-inch step to the front with your left foot
(step). Thirty (30) inches are measured from the rear of your left heel to
the rear of your right heel. At the same time you will decrease the
cadence to 120 steps per minute, and lower your arms to the quick time
position. You will continue to march, taking 120, 30-inch steps per
minute, swinging your arms 6 inches straight to the front
and 3 inches straight to the rear of the trouser seams.

Knuckles out facing forward and fingers formed into a fist
with the thumb over the forefinger.
CHANGE STEP
To change step while marching, the command
PALIT HAKBANG, KAD is given as the right foot strikes
the marching surface. On the command of execution
KAD, take one more step with the left foot, clip your
arms on your side, then in one count, place the right
toe near the heel of the left foot and step off again
with the left foot. The arms shall swing naturally after
execution.
TO MARCH AT REST
1. At Ease March
The command PALUWAG, KAD is given as either foot strikes
the marching surface. On the command of execution
KAD, the soldier is no longer required to retain cadence;
however, silence and the approximate interval and
distance are maintained. SIGLANG HAKBANG, KAD and
LAYANG HAKBANG, KAD are the only commands that can
be given while marching at ease.
TO MARCH AT REST
At Ease March
The command PALUWAG, KAD is given as either foot
strikes the marching surface. On the command of execution
KAD, the soldier is no longer required to retain cadence;
however, silence and the approximate interval and distance
are maintained. SIGLANG HAKBANG, KAD and LAYANG
HAKBANG, KAD are the only commands that can be given
while marching at ease.
HALF STEP MARCH (15-Inch Step)
1. To march with a 15-inch step from the halt, the command is HATING
HAKBANG, KAD. On the command of execution KAD, step forward
15 inches with the left foot and continue marching within 15-inch
steps. The arms swing while marching with a 30-inch step.
2. To alter the march to a 15-inch step while marching with a 30-inch
step, the command is HATING HAKBANG, KAD. This command may
be given as either foot strikes the marching surface. On the
command of execution KAD, take one more 30inch step and then
begin marching with a 15-inch step. The arms shall be clipped on the
sides while marching the 15-inch steps.
HALF STEP MARCH (15-Inch Step)
4. 3. To resume marching with a 30-inch step, the command
PASULONG, KAD is given as either foot strikes the marching surface.
On the command of execution KAD, take one more 15-inch and then
begin marching with a 30-inch step.
5. The halt while marching at the half step is executed in two counts,
the same as the halt from the 30-inch step.
6. While marching at the half step the only commands that may be
given are: PATAKDA, KAD; PASULONG, KAD; PADALANG, KAD; and
TILAP / PULUTONG / BALANGAY / TALUPAD, TO.
MARCHING IN PLACE
1. To march in place, the command PATAKDA, KAD is given as either
foot strikes the marching surface and only while marching with a
30-inch step forward. On the command of execution, KAD, take one
more step, bring the trailing foot alongside the leading foot, and
begin to march in place. Raise each foot (alternately) 30-inch off the
marching surface and keep the arms at the sides as in the position
of Attention.
2. To resume marching with a 30-inch step, the command PASULONG,
KAD is given as either foot strikes the marching surface. On the
command of execution KAD, take one more step in place and then
step off with a 30-inch step.
MARCHING IN PLACE
Mark Time from Double Time in Place
Assume you are double-timing in place and you receive
the command, PATAKDA, KAD.
On the command of execution, KAD, your next step will
be one more six-inch vertical step in place with your right
foot (step). Your next step will be a two-inch vertical step
in place with your left foot to the deck. At the same time,
reduce the cadence to 120 steps per minute and lower the
arms to the quick time position.
You shall continue marching in place, take 120- two-
inch vertical alternating steps per minute.
SIDE STEP (RIGHT/LEFT)
1. To march with a 15-inch step right (left), the command is HAKBANG PAKANAN (PAKALIWA), KAD.
The command is given only while at the halt. On the command of execution KAD, bend the right
knee slightly and raise the right foot only high enough to allow freedom of movement. Place the
right foot 15 inches to the right of the left foot, and then move the left foot (keeping the left leg
straight) alongside the right foot as in the position of Attention.
2. To halt when executing right or left step, the command is TILAP (PULUTONG), TO. This movement
is executed in two counts.
3. The preparatory command is given when the heels are together. The command of execution TO is
given the next time the heels are together.
4. On the command of execution TO, take one more step with the lead foot and then place the trailing foot
alongside the lead foot, resuming the position of Attention.
BACKWARD MARCH
1. To march with a 15-inch step backward, the command is PAURONG,
KAD. The command is given only while at halt.
2. On the preparatory command PAURONG, shift the weight of the body
without noticeable movement onto the right foot.
3. On the command of execution KAD, take a 15-inch step backward
with the left foot and continue marching backward with 15-inch
steps. Arms are clipped on the side while executing backward march.
The halt from backward march is executed in two counts, basically
the same as the halt from the 30-inch step.
DOUBLE TIME MARCH
1. To march in the cadence of 180 steps per minute with a 30-inch
step, the command is TAKBONG HAKBANG, KAD. It may be
commanded while at the halt or while marching at quick time
with a 30-inch step.
2. On the command of execution KAD, raise the forearms to a
horizontal position, with the fingers and thumb closed, knuckles
out, simultaneously step off with the left foot. Continue to march
with 30-inch steps at the cadence of double time.
3. The arms swing naturally to the front and rear with the forearms
kept horizontal (when armed soldiers come to Port Arms on
receiving the preparatory command TAKBONG HAKBANG).
Guides, when at Sling Arms will double time with their weapons
at Sling Arms upon receiving the directive “MGA GABAY
SUMALUNAN” (GUIDES ON LINE).
DOUBLE TIME MARCH
4. When marching with a 30-inch step in the cadence of quick time,
the command TAKBONG HAKBANG, KAD is given as either foot
strikes the marching surface.
5. On the command of execution KAD, take one more 30-inch step at
quick time and step off with the trailing foot, double timing as
previously described.
6. To resume marching with a 30-inch step at quick time, the
command SIGLANG HAKBANG, KAD is given as either foot strikes
the marching surface.
7. On the command of execution KAD, take two more 30-

inch steps at double time, lower the arms to the sides, and
resume marching with a 30-inch step at quick time.
DOUBLE TIME MARCH
8. To demonstrate, the command is given as the left foot strikes the
deck. On the command of execution, KAD, your step will be one
more two–inch vertical step in place with your right foot (Step).
9. Your next step will be a 36-inch step to the front with your left
foot (Step). Thirty-six inches are measured from the rear of your
left heel to the rear of your right heel. At the same time, increase
the cadence to 180 steps per minute and raise the forearms to a
horizontal position along the waistline, fingers
closed, knuckles out. You will continue to march, taking

180, 36-inch steps per minute, swinging your arms in their
natural arc across the front of your body, until given
another command.
DOUBLE TIME MARCH
10. When you are double-timing in place and you receive the
command, TAKBONG HAKBANG, KAD, the command of execution
may be given as either foot strikes the deck. For the purpose of
demonstration, the command will be given as the left foot strikes
the deck.
11. On the command of execution, KAD, your next step will be one
more six-inch vertical step in place with your right foot (step).
Your next step will be a 36-inch step to the place with your left
foot (Step). Thirty-six inches shall be measured from the rear of
your left heel to the rear of your right heel. You will continue to
march, taking 180 36-inch steps per minute, swinging your

arms naturally across the front of your body, until given
another command.
TO FACE IN MARCHING
a. Face to the Right as in Marching
Assume you are halted at attention and you receive the
command, LIKO SA KANAN, KAD. On the command of execution
KAD, face 90 degrees to the right by pivoting on the ball of the
left foot, at the same time taking a 30-inch step in the new
direction with the right foot, swinging your arms in their natural
arc, six inches to the front and three inches to the rear of your
legs, but allow them to swing away from the body (Step). You will
continue to march, taking 120, 30-inch steps per minute,
swinging your arms 6 inches to the front and 3 inches to the rear
of your legs, until given another command.
TO FACE IN MARCHING
b. Face to the Left as in Marching
Assume you are halted at attention and you receive the command,
LIKO SA KALIWA, KAD. On the command of execution, KAD, face 90
degrees to the left by pivoting on the ball of the right foot, at the same
time taking a 30-inch step in the new direction with the left foot,
swinging your arms in their natural arc, six inches to the front and
three inches to the rear of your legs, not allowing them to swing away
from the body (Step). You will continue to march, taking 120, 30-inch
step per minute, swinging your arms 6 inches to the front and 3 inches
to the rear of your legs until given another command.
TO MARCH BY THE FLANK
While marching, the command is KANANG (KALIWANG) PANIG,
KAD. At the command KAD, strike the given foot on the ground,
advance and plant your left (or right) foot; then face to the right (or
left) in marching and step off in the new direction on your right (or left)
foot.
TO MARCH TO THE REAR
a. While Marching Forward at Quick Time
Assume you are marching forward at quick time and
you receive the command, PABALIK, KAD. On the
command of execution, KAD, your next step shall be to
place your left foot approximately 30 inches and
directly in front of your right foot (Step). Your next step
shall be to face 180 degrees to the right about by
pivoting on the balls of both feet (Step). The legs
remain straight without stiffness and the arms continue
their natural swing, but not allowing it to swing wide
from the body. Your next step, without loss of cadence,
will be a 30-inch step in the new direction (Step). You
shall continue to march quick time, until given another
command.
TO MARCH TO THE REAR
b. While Marching Forward at Double Time
Assume you are marching forward at double time and receive
the command, PABALIK, KAD. The command of execution will be
given as the right foot strikes the deck, as this involves a
movement to the right. On the command of execution, KAD, your
next steps will be two 36-inch steps to the front (Step, Step). Your
next steps shall be four six-inch vertical alternating steps in place,
at the same time turning 180 degrees to the right about (Step,
Step, Step, and Step). The arms shall continue their natural swing,
but shall not be allowed to swing away from the body. Your next,
without loss of cadence, will be a 36-inch step in the new direction
with your left foot (Step). You will continue to march at double
time cadence until given another command.
EYES RIGHT/LEFT WHILE MARCHING
While marching at quick time, the unit leader commands HANDA
TINGIN SA KANAN, NA when he is six paces away from the reviewing
officer. The command of execution should be given as the right foot
strikes the deck, as this is a movement to the right. On the command of
execution, NA, and for the count of one, your next step will be a 30-inch
step to the front with your left foot. At the same time, all files, except
the right file, will smartly turn their head and eyes 45 degrees to the
right (Step). The shoulders remain square to the front. The members of
the right file will keep their heads and eyes to the front. You shall
continue to march until given the next command. The command to
terminate this movement is HANDA, HARAP.
EYES RIGHT/LEFT WHILE MARCHING
The command of execution is given when the last rank is six
paces beyond the reviewing officer, and as the left foot strikes the deck,
as this involves a movement to the left. On the command of execution,
HARAP, your next step is a 30-inch step to the front with your right foot.
At the same time, all men who have executed eyes right will then turn
their heads and eyes to the front (Step). You shall continue to march
until given another command.
Eyes Left
The movement of eyes left may only be executed while marching and is
normally done during street parades, when the reviewing stand is on
the left.
STAFF BEHIND THE COMMANDER
1. To make a staff move to the rear of a commander, the command is
KALUPUNAN, SUMALIKOD KO, KAD. The movement is executed in 9
counts for 2 or 3 men staff, 11 for 4 men staff, 13 for 5 man staff, and
15 for 6 men staff.
2. At the command KAD, all members of the staff execute right face,
then the first man faces to the left and marches 4 steps, column left
and halts on the prescribed last count. All members shall march
forward and follow the first man turning at the same pivot made by
the first man.
3. All members halt in the designated count and face left altogether
automatically facing the new direction.
ORDER ARMS
Assume Order Arms on the command HUMANAY or from
Parade Rest on the command of execution HUMANDA. At
Order Arms, maintain the position of attention with the rifle.
Place the butt of the rifle on the marching surface, with sights to
the rear. The toe of the butt touches the foot on line. Secure the
rifle with the right hand in a "U" formed by the fingers (extended
and joined) and thumb. Hold the rifle on the upper hand, guard
with the right thumb and forefinger pointed downward, and in
line with the flat surface of the handguard. Keep the right hand
and arm behind the rifle so that the thumb is straight along the
seam of the trousers' leg.

REST POSITIONS
a. Parade Rest
On the command of execution PAHINGA or TIKAS, PAHINGA,
thrust the muzzle forward, simultaneously changing the grip of
the right hand to grasp the stock just below the gas cylinder
lock screw, keeping the toe of the butt of the rifle in line with
your toe and on the marching surface and the right arm
straightened directly to the front. Silence and immobility are
required - if at Sling Arms the rifles shall remain slung.
REST POSITIONS
b. Stand at Ease
Execute Stand at Ease in the same manner as Parade Rest with
the rifle but turn the head and eyes toward the commander.

c. Rest
On the command PALUWAG or PAHINGA, keep the butt of the
rifle in place as in Parade Rest and bring the rifle diagonally in
front of you with your right hand and simultaneously grasp with
your left hand clasping your right hand.
At this position, the soldier may move; however, he must

remain standing and silent with the rifle and right foot in
place.
REST POSITIONS
d. Rifle Position at Route Steps

At the command of LAYANG HAKBANG, KAD rest the flat side
of the stock on your shoulder, with your right arm clipped to
your sides, and your forearm forming a 45degree angle to the
sides.
PORT ARMS
a.Port Arms from Order Arms is a two-count movement.
The command is AGAP, TA.
1. On the command of execution TA, grasp the rifle with the
right hand and raise the rifle diagonally across the body,
keeping the right elbow down (without strain).
2. With the left hand, simultaneously grasp the balance of the
rifle so that the rifle is about 4 inches from the waist.
3. On the second count, regrasp the rifle at the small of the
stock with the right hand.
4. Hold the rifle diagonally across the body, about 4
inches from the waist and parallel to the body, with
the right forearm in horizontal position, and the
elbows close to the sides.
PORT ARMS
b. Order Arms from Port Arms is executed in three counts. The
command is BABA, TA.
1.On the command of execution TA, move the right hand up and
across the body to the upper hand guard without strain. On the
second count, remove the left hand from the balance and lower the
rifle to the right side until it is about three inches from the marching
surface.
2.Guide the rifle to the side by placing the forefinger of the left hand
at the flash suppressor, fingers and thumb extended and joined, and
palm to the rear.
3. On the third count, move the left hand sharply to
the left side, lower the rifle gently to the marching
surface, and resume position of Order Arms.
PRESENT ARMS
At Order Arms, the command is TANGHAL, TA. At the
command TA, which is at the count of one in this movement,
raise the rifle in front and at the center of your body with your
right hand. The barrel is to the rear and vertical. Then grasp
the rifle at the balance with your left hand, the forearm
horizontally resting against your body with your fingers joined.
At the count of two, place your right hand at the small of the
stock. Hold the small of the stock in a "U" formed by the
fingers (extended and joined) and thumb. The distance of the
rifle from the body is about a fist away and the front sight is at
the level of the eyes.
PRESENT ARMS
Order Arms from Present Arms is executed in three
counts with the command BABA, TA. On the command TA,
which is at the count of one in this movement, move your
right hand from its grasp of the stock and regrasp the piece
on the hand guard. On the second count, release the grasp of
your left hand, lower the rifle to the right so that the butt is
three inches from the ground, barrel to the rear. Guide it to
the side by placing the forefinger of the left hand at the flash
suppressor, fingers and thumb extended and joined and palm
to the rear. On the third count, move the left hand sharply to
the left side, lower the rifle gently to the marching surface,
and resume the position of Order Arms.
RIGHT SHOULDER ARMS
SA KANANG BALIKAT, TA. On the command TA,
1.Raise and carry the rifle diagonally across the body with the right
hand, at the same time, grasp it at the balance with your left hand.
2.Regrasp the butt with your right hand, the heel of the butt
between the first two fingers, thumb and fingers closed on the
stock.
3.Twist.
RIGHT SHOULDER ARMS
SA KANANG BALIKAT, TA. On the command TA,
4.Without changing the grasp of your right hand, place the rifle on your
right shoulder, barrel up and inclined at an angle of about 90 degrees.
Hold your right elbow against your side with the forearm horizontal. The
trigger guard should be in the hollow of your right shoulder. At the same
time, with your left hand at the small of stock, thumb and fingers
extended and joined, guide the rifle to your right shoulder. The first joint
of the forefinger touches the rear end of the receiver. Hold your wrist
straight, and your elbow down.
5. Cut away your left hand smartly to the side. Note:

The rifle should be angled at 30 degrees by 60 degrees
RIGHT SHOULDER ARMS
SA KANANG BALIKAT, TA.
The return to Order Arms is a four-count movement. On
the command BABA, TA, press down the rifle’s butt quickly
and move the rifle diagonally across your body, turning the
butt so as to keep the barrel up. Grasp the rifle at the balance
with your left hand, retaining the grasp of your right hand on
the butt (count one). On the second count, move your right
hand up and across your body and grasp the front
handguard. The third and fourth counts are executed in the
same manner as the second and third counts in executing
Order Arms from Port Arms.
RIGHT SHOULDER ARMS
The return to Order Arms is a four-count movement. On
the command BABA, TA, press down the rifle’s butt quickly
and move the rifle diagonally across your body, turning the
butt so as to keep the barrel up. Grasp the rifle at the balance
with your left hand, retaining the grasp of your right hand on
the butt (count one). On the second count, move your right
hand up and across your body and grasp the front
handguard. The third and fourth counts are executed in the
same manner as the second and third counts in executing
Order Arms from Port Arms.
RIGHT SHOULDER ARMS
Right Shoulder Arms from Port Arms is a four-count
movement. On the first count, regrasp the rifle at the butt
with your right hand as you would in coming to Right
Shoulder from Order Arms. The last three counts are the
same as the last two counts in moving from Order to Right
Shoulder Arms.
Port Arms from Right Shoulder Arms is a two-count
movement. The first count is the same as the first count from
Right Shoulder to Order Arms. On the second count, regrasp
the rifle with your right hand at the small of the stock in the
position of Port Arms.
REST WITH THE LEFT SHOULDER ARMS
SA KALIWANG BALIKAT, TA. At the command TA
1.Release the grip of your left hand on the rifle, and with your right
hand still grasping the small of the stock, place the rifle on your left
shoulder, barrel up.
2.Grasp the butt with your left hand, heel of the butt between the
first and second fingers, thumb and fingers closed on the stock,
3.Left forearm horizontal, and left elbow against your side.
4.Drop your right hand quickly to the side.
REST WITH THE LEFT SHOULDER ARMS
Left Shoulder Arms may also be ordered when rifles are
at the Order, Right Shoulder or Present. On the command TA,
execute Port Arms and continue in cadence to the Left
Shoulder.
Left Shoulder Arms from Right Shoulder Arms is a four-
count movement. The command is SA KALIWANG BALIKAT,
TA. On the command of execution TA, execute the first count
in the same manner as executing Order Arms. On count two,
remove the right hand from the butt of the rifle and regrasp
the small of the stock (Port Arms).
Counts three and four are the same movements
with Port Arms. When marching, the command is
given as the left foot strikes the marching surface.
TRAIL ARMS
a. From Order Arms, the command is BITBIT, TA.
On the command TA, raise your rifle approximately 2 inches off
the ground and incline the muzzle forward so that the barrel
makes an angle of about 15 degrees vertical. Hold your right
arm slightly bent. Hold your rifle in the upper handguard.
Assume that you are at trail arms and you receive the
command, BABA, TA. On the command of execution, TA, gently
and quietly lower the butt of the rifle to the deck and assume
the position of Order Arms.
TRAIL ARMS
b. To March with the Rifle at Trail Arms.
Facing movements, alignments, and short distance
marching movements are executed from Order Arms. Side
steps, back steps, open and close ranks, and close and
extend are short distance movements. Forward March may be
given from Order Arms to march units forward for a short
distance. When these movements are commanded while at
Order Arms, it is necessary to come automatically to Trail
Arms on the command of execution for the movement. The
rifle is kept at the trail during the movement, and the position
of Order Arms is automatically assumed without command
after halting.
SLING ARMS
From Order Arms with the sling(s) loose, the command
for Sling Arms is ISAKBAT, TA. On the command of execution
TA, grasp the rifle barrel with the right hand and raise it
vertically. Grasp the sling near the upper sling swivel with the
left hand, and release the right hand. Place the right hand
and arm between the sling and rifle and place the sling over
the right shoulder. Regrasp the sling with the right hand so
that the wrist is straight, the right forearm is horizontal, the
elbow is tight against the side, and the rifle is vertical.
Release the grasp of the left hand and move it sharply to the
left side as in the position of attention.
SLING ARMS
To return the rifle to Order Arms with the sling tight, the command
is AYUSIN ANG SAKBAT. On the command AYUSIN ANG SAKBAT,
remove the rifle barrel with the right hand and raise it vertically. With
the left hand, place the butt of the rifle on the right hip and cradle it in
the crook of the right arm. Use both hands to tighten the sling on the
ejection port side. Grasp the rifle barrel with the right hand and guide
the rifle to the position of Order Arms.
To return the rifle to Order Arms with the sling loose, the
command is LIHIS, SANDATA. On the command of execution TA,
reach across the body with the left hand and grasp the sling at the right
shoulder.
Release the right hand grasp of the sling and remove the
rifle from the shoulder. Grasp the rifle’s barrel with the right
hand, release the left hand grasp of the sling, and guide the
rifle to the position Order Arms.

Port Arms from Sling Arms
The command for this movement is AGAP, TA. On the
command of execution TA, reach across the body with the left hand
and grasp the sling at the shoulder. Lift the weapon (by the sling),
swing it to the front of the body, and grasp the small of the stock
with the right hand. Release the sling (left hand) and regrasp the
weapon at the balance. Ensure that the rifle is four inches from the
belt and held diagonally across the body. Keep the elbows in at the
sides, and the right forearm horizontal. To resume Sling Arms, the
command is ISAKBAT, TA. On the command of execution TA, grasp
the sling near the upper sling swivel with the left hand.
Release the right hand and swing the rifle back onto
the shoulder by placing the right arm between the sling
and the rifle. Immediately resume the position of Sling
Arms.
Inspection Arms from Sling Arms
The command for this movement is SIYASAT, TA.
On the command of execution TA, execute Port Arms
and then execute counts Three through Seven in the
same manner as for Inspection Arms from Order Arms.
AGAP, TA is executed in the same manner as explained
in the manual of arms. To resume Sling Arms, the
procedures are the same as those of Port Arms.
Salute at Sling Arms
To salute while at Sling Arms, the command is TANGHAL, TA.
On the command of execution TA, reach across the body with the
left hand and grasp the sling just above the right hand. Release
the right hand and execute the hand salute. To terminate the
hand salute, the command is BABA, TA. On the command of
execution TA, lower the right hand sharply to the side as in the
position of Attention and then regrasp the sling at the original
position. After grasping the sling with the right hand, release the
left hand and return it sharply to the left side as in the position of
Attention.
INSPECTIONS
IN-RANKS INSPECTION (LINE FORMATIONS)
When the company is in formation, the Company Commander
directs "HUMANDA SA PAGSISIYASAT". On that directive, the
platoon leaders face about, open ranks, and align the company.
The platoon leaders take their position one step in the front of the
first squad leader.
INSPECTIONS
The Company Commander begins the inspection by stepping forward and
inspecting the Guidon Bearer. He then faces to the half left in marching and
proceeds to the right of the line. When the Company Commander has halted
directly in front of him, he salute and reports, "Ginoo, pulutong, Tinyente dela
Cruz namumuno, handa na po sa pagsisiyasat". The Company Commander
returns the salute and inspects the platoon leader. The Company Commander
then directs the platoon leader to lead him through the inspection, faces to the
half left in marching, and halts directly in front of the squad leader of the first
squad.
As the Company Commander faces to the half left in marching,
the platoon leader faces to the right in marching, inclines, and
halts directly in front of the second man in the first squad and on
line and at normal interval (close interval) to the right of the
Company Commander.
INSPECTIONS
NOTE: As soon as the platoon leader and Company Commander have halted in front of the first two men, the second squad
leader commands TIKAS PAHINGA. When moving from man to man during the inspection, the Company Commander and the platoon
leader (Executive Officer and First Sergeant) simultaneously face right in marching, take two short steps (one step if the company is at
close interval), halt, and face to the left. After the Company Commander has inspected the last man in the front rank, the platoon
leader hesitates momentarily and allows the Company Commander to precede him as he inspects the front rank to the rear. As the
Company Commander begins to inspect the next rank, the next squad leader commands his squad HUMANDA. As they begin to inspect
the next rank, the squad leader of the last rank inspected commands TIKAS PAHINGA.
Normally, when inspecting the rear of each rank, the Company Commander conducts a walking inspection. As the
Company Commander inspects the rear of the last man in each rank, he turns and halts directly in front of the
second man. The Executive Officer and the First Sergeant march past (behind) the Company Commander and
assume their post to his left.
INSPECTIONS
As the Company Commander halts directly in front of and facing
the individual being inspected, the individual executes Inspection Arms.
If the Company Commander wants to inspect the individual's weapon,
he will inspect the weapon first, then the individual's uniform and
appearance. As soon as the Company Commander grasps the weapon,
the individual releases the weapon and resumes the position of
Attention. When the Company Commander has finished inspecting the
weapon, he returns it in the same manner as it was received .
The individual receives the weapon by grasping the

center of the hand guard just forward of the slip ring with
the left and the small of stock with the right hand. He then
executes Ready, Port Arms, Order Arms.
INSPECTIONS
RIFLE INSPECTIONS
1) When receiving the rifle from the inspected individual, reach forward
and grasp the rifle at the upper portion of the hand guard with the
right hand. Lower the rifle diagonally to the left, twist the rifle slightly,
insert the tip of the little finger of the left hand into the ejection port
(do not twist the rifle but insert the thumb into the receiver of the
M16 series rifle), and look into the barrel. The fingers reflect sufficient
light for the inspection of the barrel.
2) Grasp the small of the stock with the left hand and raise the rifle to a
horizontal position (sight up) with the muzzle to the right. The rifle is
centered to the body with the forearms horizontal and the palms up.
Move the rifle horizontally to the left and inspect the upper
portion of the rifle beginning with the flash suppressor.
Move the rifle slowly to the right inspecting the butt. Return
the rifle to the center of the body.
INSPECTIONS
RIFLE INSPECTIONS
3) Keeping the rifle horizontal, rotate it 180 degrees (sight toward
the body) so that the sights point toward the marching surface.
Move the rifle horizontal to the left and inspect the muzzle.
Move the rifle slowly to the right and inspect the butt. When
moving the rifle across the body, twist the rifle as necessary
and inspect the movable parts on the sides of the receiver.
Having completed the inspection of the lower parts of the rifle,
return it to the center of the body.
INSPECTIONS
RIFLE INSPECTIONS
4) Keeping the rifle horizontal, rotate the rifle 180 degrees (sights
away from the body) so that the sights are up. Release the left
hand and return the rifle in the same manner as received.
5) When inspecting a weapon other than a rifle, the inspecting
officer receives the weapon with his right hand and inspects it
in the most convenient manner. Having completed the
inspection, the weapon is returned with the right hand in the
same manner as received.
INSPECTIONS
RIFLE INSPECTIONS
When the Company Commander has completed the
inspection of the platoon sergeant, the platoon leader commands
the platoon HUMANDA and overtakes the Company Commander
en route back to the front of the platoon. The platoon leader halts
facing to the front (six steps in front and centered on his platoon)
and exchanges salutes with the Company Commander. The
Company Commander (Executive Officer and First Sergeant) faces
to the right in marching and moves to the next platoon.
INSPECTIONS
RIFLE INSPECTIONS
As soon as the Company Commander has cleared the first
platoon, the platoon leader faces about and commands PASINSIN
PAGITAN, KAD and PALUWAG and then faces about and executes
At Ease. When the Company Commander has completed
(exchanged salutes with the platoon leader) the inspection of the
last platoon, he returns to his post at the center of the company
and commands the company HUMANDA. He then dismisses the
company, as previously described
INSPECTIONS
RIFLE INSPECTIONS
When the company is inspected by an officer of a higher
command, on the approach of the inspecting officer, the
Company Commander commands BALANGAY HUMANDA. He then
faces about salutes, and reports "Ginoo, 'A' Balangay, Kapitan
Depayso namumuno, handa na po sa pagsisiyasat." The
inspection is conducted as previously described except the
Company Commander takes a position immediately to the left of
the inspecting officer. The inspection is terminated by the
Company Commander in the same manner prescribed for a
platoon leader.

INSPECTIONS
IN-QUARTERS INSPECTION (STAND BY)
When the Company Commander wants to conduct an in-
quarters inspection the members are positioned in line with their
equipment or as near as possible. The platoon leader positions
himself in the path of the inspecting officer, at the point near his
area of responsibility. At the approach of the inspecting officer,
the platoon leader commands PULUTONG, HUMANDA, salutes,
and reports, "Ginoo, unang pulutong Tenyente dela Cruz
namumuno, handa na po sa pagsisiyasat”.
NOTE: When the situation dictates, the platoon leader may report to the inspecting officer outside of the
quarters. A designated individual commands the members HUMANDA as the inspecting officer enters the
quarters (bay).
INSPECTIONS
IN-QUARTERS INSPECTION (STAND BY)
The platoon leader then guides the inspecting officer along a
route dictated by the physical arrangement of the personnel and
equipment. Upon entering the quarters (bay), the inspecting
officer commands PALUWAG. As the inspecting officer approaches
each individual or his equipment, the individual automatically
assumes the position of Attention. When the inspecting officer
has moved to the next man, the last inspected resumes the
position of At Ease. As the inspecting officer begins to exit the
quarters (bay), after completing the inspection, HUMANDA is
commanded. The platoon leader and the inspecting officer
exchange salutes.
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SQUAD DRILL
FORMING THE SQUAD
To form a normal interval, the squad leader commands HUMANAY.
Coming to position of attention and giving of command TILAP
HUMANAY occur simultaneously.
a) Elements proceed to their respective positions in Port Arms (AGAP)
and in double time.
b) The right flank man positions himself so that when the squad is
formed, it is three steps in front of and centered on the squad leader.
c) The right flank man comes to the position of attention

and raises his left arm laterally at shoulder level, elbow
locked, fingers and thumb extended and joined, palm
facing down. He must ensure that the left arm is in line
with his body.
SQUAD DRILL
FORMING THE SQUAD
d) The man nearer the left of the right flank man comes to the
position of Attention, turns his head and eyes to the right, and
raises his left arm in the same manner as the right flank man.
He obtains proper alignment by taking short steps forward or
backward until he is in line with the right flank man. He obtains
exact internal position by taking short steps to the left or right
until his shoulder touches the extended fingertips of the right
flank man. As soon as the man to the left obtains normal
interval, each man individually lowers his arm to his side,
sharply turns his head and eyes to the front and assumes the
position of attention.
SQUAD DRILL
FORMING THE SQUAD
e) The right flank man then sharply turns to the position of
attention.
f) All other members of the squad shall form in the same manner
except the left flank man who does not raise his left arm.

NOTE: The right flank man raises his arm and looks straight to
the front unless the squad is to align on an element to his right.
SQUAD DRILL
To form at close interval, the formation is completed in the
manner prescribed for normal interval, except that the command
is MASINSIN PAGITAN, HUMANAY.
The squad member obtains close interval by placing the palm

of his left hand on the left hip, positioned even with the waist,
fingers and thumb joined and extended downward, with the
elbow in line with the body and touching the arm of the man to
the left.
SQUAD DRILL
To form in column, the squad leader faces the proposed flank
of the column and commands SUNURAN, HUMANAY.
On the command of execution HUMANAY, squad members
double time to their original positions (grounded equipment) in
formation and cover the man to their front. When under arms,
members fall in at Port Arms.
When in position, they come to Order Arms. For safety, the
commands SIYASAT, TA, AGAP, TA and BABA, TA are given at
the initial formation of the day.
COUNTING OFF
The squad may count off in line or column formation. The
command is ISAHANG BILANG, NA. When the squad is in a line
formation, the counting is executed from right to left. The
command shall be ISAHANG BILANG, NA. On the preparatory
command, each member, except the right flank man, turns his
head 45 degrees to the right. At the command of execution NA,
the right flank man counts off “ISA”, followed by the second man
counting off his number “DALAWA”. The second man shall
simultaneously turn his head to the front.
All the other members shall execute count off
consecutively in the same manner until the entire
squad has counted off. The last man will shout
“HULING BILANG NA PO” after counting off.
COUNTING OFF
When the squad is in column formation, the counting is
executed from front to rear. On the command of execution NA,
the soldier at the head of column turns his head and eyes to the
right and counts over his shoulder, "ISA". After counting off his
number, he immediately comes to the position of attention. All
other members count their numbers in sequence in the same
manner as the number one man; the last man in the file does not
turn his head and eyes to the right.
CHANGING INTERVAL WHILE IN LINE
NOTE: To ensure that each member understands the

number of steps to be taken, the squad leader shall command,
ISAHANG BILANG, NA before giving any command that may
cause the squad to change interval. Members do not raise their
arms when changing interval.
To obtain close interval from normal interval, the command is

MASINSIN PAGITAN, TUNTON KANAN, NA. On the command of
execution NA, the right flank man stands fast. Everybody should
place palm on hips, fingers joined and pointing downward, with
elbow aligned with the body. All men except the number one man
turn their head 45 degrees to the right and simultaneously
execute right side step in a brisk manner. Once the elements are
aligned, the squad leader commands HANDA, RAP.
NOTE: The squad leader takes the correct number of

steps to maintain his position of three steps in front
of and centered on the squad.
To obtain normal interval from close interval, the command is

TUNTON KANAN, NA. On the command of execution NA, the right
flank man stands fast. Everybody should extend left arm, fingers
joined and palms facing downward. All men to the left of the
number one man turn their heads 45 degrees to the right and
simultaneously execute left side step in a brisk manner. Once the
elements are aligned, the squad leader commands HANDA, RAP.
To obtain double interval from normal interval, the command is
IBAYONG DALANG, NA. On the command of execution NA, the right flank
man stands fast and raises his left arm. All men to the left of the number one
man turn their heads 45 degrees to the right, simultaneously raising both arms.
The last man extends his right arm only. Everybody except the right flank man
executes left side step in a brisk manner. Once the elements are aligned, the
squad leader commands HANDA, RAP.
To obtain normal interval from double interval, the command is
TUNTON KANAN, NA. On the command of execution NA, the right flank
man stands fast and raises his left arm. All men to the left of the number one
man turn their head 45 degrees to the right, simultaneously raising their left
arms except for the last man, then execute right side step in a
brisk manner. Once the elements are aligned, the squad leader
commands HANDA, RAP.
ALIGNING THE SQUAD
NOTE: The squad leader commands the squad the appropriate
interval prior to the giving of the command for alignment.
To align the squad at a normal interval, the commands are
TUNTON SA KANAN, NA, and HANDA, RAP. These commands are given
only when armed soldiers are at Order Arms or Sling Arms. On the
command of execution NA, the right flank man stands fast and raises
his left arm laterally at shoulder level. Simultaneously, other elements
to the left of the right flank man extend their left arms laterally at
shoulder level, elbows locked, fingers and thumbs extended and joined,
palms facing down. Likewise, they will turn their heads 45 degrees to
the right and align, ensuring that their left arm is aligned with their
body. They align themselves by short steps right or left and forward or
backward until their right shoulders touch the fingertip of the man on
their right. On the command of execution RAP, each member returns
sharply to the position of attention.
ALIGNING THE SQUAD
NOTE: If the squad leader wants exact alignment, on the
command of execution NA, he faces to the half left marching and
marches by the most direct route to a position on line with the squad,
halts one step from the right flank man, and faces down the line. From
his position he verifies the alignment of the squad, directing the men to
move forward or backward, as necessary, calling them by name or
number: "Private Cruz, Forward two inches; Number eight backward
four inches". The squad leader remains at attention, taking short steps
to the right or left as necessary to see the squad. Having aligned the
squad, he centers himself on the right flank man by taking short steps
to the left or right.
Perpendicular to the formation, he faces to the left,
and commands HANDA, RAP. These procedures also
apply when aligning the squad at close or double
interval.
ALIGNING THE SQUAD
To align the squad at close interval, the commands are MASINSIN
PAGITAN TUNTON SA KANAN and HANDA, RAP. The movement is
executed in the same manner prescribed for alignment at normal
interval except that the squad members obtain close interval.
To align the squad at double interval, the commands are,
IBAYONG DALANG, TUNTON SA KANAN, NA and HANDA, RAP. These
commands are given only when the troops are unarmed or at Sling
Arms. On the command of execution NA, each member (except the
right flank man) turns his head to the right and aligns himself with the
man on his right. At the same time, each member (except the
right and left flank men) extends both arms and positions
himself by short steps right or left until his fingertips are
touching the fingertips of the members on his right and left.
(The right flank man raises his left arm; the left flank man
raises his right arm.)
ALIGNING THE SQUAD
To align the squad in column, the command is TUNTON-
HARAP. On the command TUNTON-HARAP, each member
(except the number one man) raises his left arm to a horizontal
position, elbow locked, fingers and thumb extended and joined,
palm facing down, and obtains an arm's length plus about six
inches (from the fingertips) to the back of the man to his front. At
the same time, each man aligns himself directly behind the man
to his front. To resume the position of Attention, the command
MULING TUMAKIP (RECOVER) is given. On this command, each
member sharply returns to the position of attention.

MARCHING THE SQUAD
For short distances only, the squad may march forward while
in line formation. When marching long distances, the squad is
marched in column. To form a column formation from a line
formation, the command is HARAP SA KANAN, RAP. When a
column formation is originated from a line formation at close
interval, the squad may march for the short distances at half step
less than the correct distance. To obtain correct distance while
marching, the command is PADALANG KAD. On the command of
execution KAD, the number one man takes one more 15inch step
and then steps off with a 30-inch step.
Each squad member begins marching with a 30-inch
step at an approximate point where the number one
man steps off, or as soon as correct distance has been
obtained.
CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF A COLUMN
From the halt, the command to start the squad in motion and
simultaneously change the direction of the march by 90 or 45
degrees is LIKO SA KANAN (KALIWA), KAD or LIKO execution
KAD is given, the lead man faces in the commanded direction and
steps off, marching. All other members march forward and pivot
on the ball of the lead foot in the commanded direction and step
off trailing foot. As the members approach the pivot point, they
shorten or lengthen their steps as necessary to pivot at the
approximate point that the lead man pivoted.
To change the direction of the march by 90 or 45 degrees
when marching, the preparatory command LIKO SA KANAN
(KALIWA) or LIKO HATING KANAN (HATING KALIWA) is given as
the foot in the desired direction strikes the marching surface. The
command of execution KAD is given the next time the foot in the
desired direction strikes the marching surface. On the command
of execution KAD, the lead man takes one additional step, pivots
in the commanded direction as the pivot foot strikes the marching
surface, and continues to march in the new direction. Other
members continue to march forward and execute the pivot as
prescribed from the halt.
To march in the opposite direction, the command is PABALIK,
KAD. The preparatory command PABALIK is given as the right
foot strikes the marching surface. The command of execution
KAD is given the next time the right foot strikes the marching
surface. On the command of execution, all members take one
more step with their left foot, pivot on the balls of both feet, turn
180 degrees to the right, and step off in the new direction. The
arms are not allowed to swing outward while turning.
To avoid an obstacle in the line of march, the squad
leader directs, PAGAWING KANAN (KALIWA). The lead
man inclines around the obstacle and resumes the
original direction. All other members follow the lead
man.
MARCHING TO THE FLANK
The squad may be marched to the flank (for short distance
only) when marching in column. The command for this movement
is KANANG (KALIWANG) PANIG, KAD. The preparatory command
is given as the foot in the desired direction strikes the marching
surface, and the command of execution is given the next time the
foot in the desired direction strikes the marching surface. On the
command of execution KAD, all members take one more step,
pivot 90 degrees in the commanded direction on the ball of the
lead foot, and step off in the new direction with the trailing foot.
As the members begin to march in the new direction, they glance
to the right.
FORMING COLUMNS OF TWOS AND REFORMING
Forming of twos from a file is executed only from the halt.

The command is DALAWANG TUDLING PAKANAN (PAKALIWA),
KAD. On the preparatory command, the lead team leader
commands MANATILI/WALANG KILOS. The trailing team leader
commands LIKO HATING KANAN (KALIWA). On the command of
execution KAD, the trailing team leader executes a LIKO HATING
KANAN (KALIWA). The team then marches in half step. When the
last man of the lead team is abreast of the team leader, he
commands LIKO HATING KANAN, KAD. His team then follows the
lead team at the correct distance.
RESTING THE SQUAD
The squad member in formation executes the rest
formation. When the situation warrants a greater
degree of relaxation than the rest position, the squad
leader may command TIWALAG. Squad members may
leave their position in formation, but they must remain
in immediate areas. The command TIWALAG will not
be used to terminate a formation.
DISMISSING THE SQUAD
The squad is dismissed with the members at
attention. With armed troops, the commands are
SIYASAT, TA, AGAP, TA; IBABA (ISAKBAT), TA; and
LUMANSAG. With unarmed troops, the command is
LUMANSAG. Unless otherwise stated (by the person in
charge in his instructions prior to the command
LUMANSAG), the command LUMANSAG terminates only
the formation not the duty of the day.
PLATOON DRILL
The platoon has four prescribed formations: the
platoon formation with squads in line, with squads in
column, with squads in file and with squads abreast.
When in a line formation, the elements (squads) of a
platoon are numbered from front to rear; in column
formation, from left to right.
FORMING THE PLATOON
On the command HUMANAY (AT MASINSIN PAGITAN, HUMANAY), the
squad leader obtains the correct distance by estimation. The members of the
first squad fall in on their squad leaders as prescribed for squad drill. Members
of the other squads fall in on their squad leader, assume the position of
attention, and turn their heads and eyes to the right. They obtain correct
distance by taking short steps forward or backward and align themselves on
the man to their right. They then sharply turn their heads and eyes to the
front in the position of attention and obtain proper interval by taking short
steps to the left and to the right to cover on the man to their front. Members
of all squads, other than the first squad, shall not raise their left arms unless
the man to their immediate left has no one to his front in formation on which
to cover.
FORMING THE PLATOON
When armed, members fall in at order arms. For safety, the commands
SIYASAT TA; AGAP TA; IBABA (ISAKBAT) TA are given at the initial formation
of the day and just before the last command, LUMANSAG.
When a report is appropriate, the platoon sergeant commands MAGULAT.
The squad leaders, in succession from front to rear, turn their heads and eyes
toward the platoon sergeant and salute (holding the salute until returned)
then report. For example:
Situation 1. When all squad members are in formation, the report is "Lahat
po'y narito".
Situation 2. When the squad members are absent, the soldiers and reasons for
their absence are reported:
Pvt Dela Cruz - CQ runner

Pvt Campos - Sick Call
Pvt Tamayo - AWOL
FORMING THE PLATOON
After receiving the report from the squad leaders, the platoon sergeant
faces about and waits for the arrival of the platoon leader. When the platoon
leader has halted to his post, the platoon sergeant salutes and reports, "Ginoo
narito pong lahat" or "Ginoo, napag-alaman pong lahat"; or
"Ginoo___________ ang wala". The platoon leader returns the salute, after
which the platoon sergeant faces to the right while marching, inclines around
the squad leaders, halts at his post and, faces to the right.
If the platoon leader is not present for the formation, the platoon
sergeant steps forward three steps (after receiving the squad leader's report)
and assumes the duties of the platoon leader.
When appropriate, the platoon may be formed by the platoon leader
rather than by the platoon sergeant. The procedures are the same as
previously described except that the first squad forms six steps in
front of and centered on the platoon leader, and the platoon
sergeant forms at his post to the rear of the platoon.
BREAKING RANKS
When the situation requires one or more individuals to leave the
formation or to receive specific instructions from the platoon leader, the
platoon leader directs: "Private Bautista (pause), Private Tamayo."
When the individual's name is called, he assumes the position of
attention and replies, "Narito po”. He then takes one (15-inch) step
backward, halts, faces to the right (left) in marching, and exits the
formation by marching to the nearest flank. Once the individual has
cleared the formation, he begins to double time and halts two steps
from the center of the platoon leader.
NOTE: When a group of individuals is called from the

formation, the group forms centered on the platoon leader. The
platoon leader shall direct (point) the first man into position so
that the rank will be centered when the last man has joined the
group.
COUNTING OFF
The platoon counts off in the same manner
as the squad. When in a line formation, the
squads count in unison from the right to left;
each squad leader sounds off, "ISA".
CHANGING INTERVAL
The platoon changes interval in line formation in the same
manner as the squad. To change interval when the platoon is in a
column, the right file stands fast and serves as the base. All other
members (abreast of each other) execute the movement as
previously prescribed. To obtain close interval from normal
interval, the third squad takes one right step, the second squad
takes two right steps, and the first squad takes three right steps.
To obtain normal interval, the procedures are the same except
that the squads execute the same number of left steps.
CHANGING INTERVAL
To change the interval when the platoon is marching in
column, the preparatory command MASINSIN PAGITAN is given
as the right foot strikes the marching surface, and the command
of execution KAD is given as the right foot strikes the marching
surface. On the command of execution KAD, the base squad
(right file) takes one 13-inch step and then executes the halt
step. All other men take one more step, simultaneously execute a
column half right, and march until close interval is obtained.
They execute a column half left and assume the half
step when abreast of the corresponding man of the
base squad. On the command PASULONG, KAD, all
men resume marching 30-inch step. The commands
PATAKDA, KAD, and PULUTONG, TO may also be
given.
CHANGING INTERVAL
To resume the marching at normal interval, the preparatory
command LAKAD PADALANG, KAD is given as the left foot strikes
the marching surface, and the command of execution KAD is
given as the right foot strikes the marching surface. On the
command of execution KAD, the platoon members obtain normal
interval in the same manner prescribed for close interval except
that they each execute column half left and then column half
right.
To obtain double interval from normal interval, the
procedures are the same as that of the close interval to normal
interval. To obtain normal interval from double interval
(closing the formation column from open ranks), the
procedures are the same as obtaining close interval
form normal interval.
ALIGNING THE PLATOON
The platoon is aligned similar to the squad. On the
command of execution NA, the first squad leader
stands fast and serves as the base. Other squad
leaders obtain correct distance by estimation. The
members of the first squad execute in the same
manner as in squad drill to obtain exact interval. All
other squads execute as the first squad, except that
each squad members raise the left arm only for
uniformity, actually covering (glancing out the corner
of the left eye) the man in front.
If the platoon leader wants exact alignment, he faces to the half left (half
right) marching and marches (on the command of execution NA) the most
direct route to a position on the line with the first squad, halts one step from
the squad leader or left flank man, and faces down the line. From this position
he verifies the alignment of the first squad, directing the men to move forward
or backward as necessary, calling them by name or number: "Tamayo, taas ng
dalawang pulgada; Pangwalo, baba ng apat na pulgada”. The platoon leader
remains at attention, taking short steps to the right or left as necessary, to see
down the squad. Having aligned the first squad, he faces to the left (right)
marching taking 2 (3 if at open ranks) short steps to next squad, halts, faces
down the line and aligns the squad in the same manner.
After the last squad is aligned the platoon leader centers himself
on the squad leader by taking short steps left or right, faces to the
right (left) marching, returns to his position (centered on the
platoon), halts perpendicular to the formation, faces to the left
(right), and commands HANDA, RAP.
NOTE: When the platoon dresses as part of large formation,
all squad leaders glance to their right and align themselves on the
unit to their right. The platoon leader aligns the platoon from the
left flank rather that the right flank when his platoon is not
formed as the right flank platoon.
To align the platoon in column, the commands are TUMAKIP and HANDA
HARAP. On the command TUMAKIP, the fourth squad leader stands fast and
serves as base. The squad leaders with exemption of the left flank squad
leader, raise their arms laterally and turn their heads and eyes to the right.
The members of the fourth squad raise their left arms horizontally to the front
(for uniformity only), cover the man in their front, and, at the same time,
glance out of the corner of their right eyes aligning on the man to their right.
To assume the right position of Attention, the command is HANDA HARAP. On
the command, each member sharply turns to the position of Attention.
NOTE: When the platoon is aligned in column as part of a larger unit but
is not the lead platoon, the squad leader does not raise his arms or turn
his heads and eyes but cover the squad to his front. The platoon
leader must wait until the platoon to his front has commanded
MULING TUMAKIP (RECOVER) before he faces about and gives
the command TUMAKIP (COVER).
OPENING AND CLOSING RANK
PABUKANG TALUDTOD, KAD is executed from a line
formation while at halt. It may be executed at any of the
prescribed intervals. The commands for these movements are
PABUKANG TALUDTOD, KAD and PASINSING TALUDTOD, KAD.
On the command of execution KAD, the front rank takes two
steps forward, the second rank takes one step, the third rank
stands fast, and the fourth rank takes two steps backward. If
additional ranks are present, the fifth rank takes four steps
backward, and the sixth rank takes six steps backward. NOTE:
After taking the prescribed steps, the men do not raise their
arms. If the platoon leader wants exact interval or
alignment, he commands MASINSIN PAGITAN (AT
IBAYONG DALANG), TUNTON SA KANAN, NA.
OPENING AND CLOSING RANK
To close the ranks, the command is PASINSING
TALUDTOD, KAD. On the command of execution KAD,
the first rank takes four steps backward, the second
rank takes two steps backward, the third rank stands
fast, and the fourth rank takes one step forward. On
the command of execution KAD, the platoon leader and
the platoon sergeant take appropriate number of steps
to maintain their post.
RESTING THE PLATOON
The platoon rests in the same manner prescribed
for the squad.
DISMISSING THE PLATOON
The procedure for dismissing the platoon is basically the
same as prescribed for the squad. The platoon leader commands
TANDIS NG PULUTONG. The platoon sergeant faces to the right
while marching and inclines around the squad leaders, halts three
steps in front of and centered on the platoon, and faces right.
The platoon leader then commands PAMUNUAN ANG INYONG
MGA PULUTONG, and salutes are exchanged. The platoon leader
is no longer part of the formation.
The platoon sergeant takes three steps forward,
halts, faces about, and carries out the platoon
leader's instruction.
DISMISSING THE PLATOON
If the platoon sergeant so desires, the squad may
be released to control of the squad leaders. The
platoon sergeant commands PAMUNUAN ANG INYONG
MGA TILAP and salutes are exchanged. The platoon
sergeant is no longer part of the formation. NOTE:
Without leaving his position, the squad leader then
commands TIWALAG, moves to a position in the
immediate area, and commands HUMANAY. Then, he
carries out the previous instructions and/or gives any
instructions for actions before the next duty formation.
On the command of execution KAD, the base squad executes

the movement as the squad in the drill except that the squad
leader takes one 30-inch step and then takes up the half step.
The squad leader continues marching with a half step until the
other squad leaders are abreast. The other squad leaders, while
maintaining correct (offset) alignment (abreast) with the base
squad leader, take up the half step. When all squad leaders are
abreast, they step off with 30inch step without command. All
other platoon members march forward on the command of
execution and execute the column movement at
approximately the same location as their squad
leaders in the same manner.
NOTE: When the platoon leader and the platoon sergeant are
marching at their posts in column as part of a larger formation,
they execute a column half right (left) rather than a 90 degrees
column movement. After executing the LIKO HATING KANAN
(HATING KALIWA), they continue marching in an arc, inclines as
necessary, and resume their correct positions. After sensing that
the squad leaders are abreast of each other, the platoon leader
resumes the 30-inch step. At times, the platoon may find it
necessary to shorten or lengthen the step in order to maintain
correct distance from the unit to his front.
To change the direction 45 degrees, the command is LIKO

HATING KANAN (HATING KALIWA), KAD. On the command of
execution KAD, the platoon executes the movement in the same
manner as a 90-degree turn except that the base squad leader as
well as the other squad leaders executes a Column Half Right
(Left).
NOTE: When executing a column movement at double time,
elements adjust the length of their steps so that the interval and
the distance are maintained through and beyond the pivot foot.
PABALIK, KAD.
On the command of execution KAD (at the halt), the first
squad marches forward three steps, executes a Column Right,
marches across the front of the platoon, and execute another
Column Right just beyond the fourth squad. The second squad
steps forward one step, executes a Column Right, marches
forward, and executes another Column Right between the third and
the fourth squads. The third squad executes two short Column
Lefts from the halt and marches between the remainder of the third
and second squad. The fourth squad marches forward two steps
executes a column left, marches across the front of the
platoon, and executes another Column Left between the first
and second squads. NOTE: When there are only three squads,
the first squad takes two steps before executing right.
As the third squad leader marches past the last man in the
third squad, he and his squad begin to march at the half step.
After marching past the last man in each file, all other squads
incline to the right and left as necessary, obtain normal interval
on the third squad, and begin to march with the half step. When
all squads are abreast of each other, they begin marching with a
30-inch step without command.
During the movement, the platoon leader marches alongside
the first squad, and the platoon sergeant marches one step to the
rear and centered between the second and third squads.
When marching, the preparatory SALISIHANG HANAY is
given as the left foot strikes the marching surface and the
command of execution KAD is given as the left foot strikes the
marching surface. On the command of execution KAD, the
platoon executes the movement basically the same as from the
halt, except that the squad takes one additional step to ensure
that the pivot is in the correct position to execute the movement.
NOTE: When the platoon leader and the platoon sergeant are
marching at their post as part of a larger formation, the platoon
leader takes three steps forward and executes a column right,
marches across the front of the platoon, executes another column
right (just beyond fourth squad), marches to his post in the most
direct manner, takes up the half step, and then steps off with a
30-inch step when the squad leaders come to line. The platoon
sergeant incline to the right, follows the third squad until the
movement is completed, and then resumes his post.
FORMING A FILE AND REFORMING
SUNURAN MULA SA KALIWA (KANAN), KAD
On the command of execution KAD, the lead squad marches forward. The
squad leader next to the lead element (or as designated) looks over the shoulder
nearest the moving element and commands Column Half Left (Right) when the
second from the last man is in line with him. The squad leader gives the
command of execution KAD as the right foot of the last man strikes the marching
surface when abreast of him. On the command of execution, the squad leader
executes the Column Half Left (Right), then inclines without command to the
right (left), and follows the last man of the preceding squad at the correct
distance. Other members of the squad march forward and execute the same
movement as the squad leader. The remaining squad forms the file in the same
manner as the squad immediately behind the lead element.
SUNURAN MULA SA KALIWA (KANAN), LIKO SA KALIWA (KANAN), KAD.
Following the platoon leader's preparatory command, the squad leader of the
lead element commands MANATILI. On the platoon leaders’ command of execution
KAD, the lead squad executes the column left (right). The other squad leaders
command MANATILI. On the platoon leader's command of execution KAD, the lead
squad executes the column left (right). The other squad leaders command LIKO SA
KANAN (KALIWA) at the appropriate time as stated in sub-paragraph b. They give the
command of execution KAD as the right foot strikes the marching surface at the pivot
(column left), or the first time the last man's right foot strikes the marching surface
after the pivot (column right).
Although the command is LIKO SA KALIWA (KANAN), the outside squads (fourth
or first) execute Column Half Left (Right).
APATANG TUDLING PAKANAN (PAKALIWA), KAD.
NOTE: To reform the platoon to its original column formation when file
was formed on the command in sequence___________, KAD, the command
TIWALAG and HUMANAY must be given.
On the preparatory command, the squad leader of the base squad
commands MANATILI. All other squad leaders command LIKO HATING-KANAN
(KALIWA). On the platoon leader's command of execution KAD, the base
squad stands fast; all other squads execute the Column Right (Left)
simultaneously. As the moving squad leaders reach a point (line) that ensures
correct interval on the element to their left (right), they automatically incline to
the left (right) and command PATAKDA, KAD and TILAP, HINTO so that their
squads are abreast of the base (other) squad as halted.
DALAWANG TUDLING MULA SA KANAN (KALIWA), KAD.
On the preparatory command, the squad leader of the designated squad
gives the supplementary command PASULONG. The other squad leaders
command MANATILI. On the command of execution KAD, the two lead squads
march forward. The squad leader (second or third) next to the lead element
gives the command start both to the remaining squads in motion. Looking
over the shoulder nearest the moving elements, the squad leader gives the
preparatory command LIKO SA KALIWA (KANAN) when the second from the
last man is abreast of him; then gives the command of execution KAD as the
right foot of the last man strikes the marching surface.
On the platoon leaders’ command of execution, both the squad leaders
execute the Column Half Left (Right), incline to the right (left) without
command, and follow the last men of the preceding squads at the correct
distance. (Do not close the space if the files of the two leading squads are not
even).
COMPANY DRILL
POST FOR KEY PERSONNEL
a. Company Commander
When the company is in line formation or in column with the platoons in
line, the post for the company commander is 12 steps (from the front rank
troops) to the front of and centered on the company. As part of a larger unit,
when the company is in column with the platoons in column and when in mass
formation, his post is six steps from the front rank of the troops to the front of
and centered on the company. As a separate unit, when the company is in
column with the platoons in column, his post is 12 steps from and centered on
the left flank.
b. Guidon Bearer
The Guidon Bearer's post is two 15-inch steps to the rear, and two 15-
inch steps to the left of the Company Commander. NOTE: The Company
Commander should inconspicuously direct the Guidon Bearer to remain in
position and move with the commander when the company is to be faced to
the right and marched for only a short distance
COMPANY DRILL
POST FOR KEY PERSONNEL
c. Executive Officer
The Executive Officer's post is two 15-inch steps to the rear and
two 15-inch steps to the right of the Company Commander.

d. First Sergeant
When the Company Commander is in line formation, the First
Sergeant's post is three steps to the rear of the last rank and centered
on the company. In a column or mass formation, he is three steps to
the rear of the last rank and off center (one 15-inch step to the left) of
the company.
decoy
FORMATION AND MOVEMENTS
1) Forming with non-commissioned officers.
a) When the company is formed by non-commissioned
officers, the First Sergeant posts himself nine steps in front of
(center) and facing the line where the front rank of each
platoon is formed. He then commands HUMANAY;
(PASINSING PAGITAN), HUMANAY.
b) On the command of execution, the platoons form in the
same manner prescribed in platoon drill. Each platoon
sergeant faces his platoon while the platoons are forming, and
directs his platoon to adjust (if necessary) and align on the
platoon to the right at the correct interval. Once the platoon is
formed, the platoon sergeants face about.
c) When all the platoon sergeants are facing to the front, the First
Sergeant commands (if appropriate) SIYASAT TA; AGAP TA; BABA
(ISAKBAT), TA. He then directs (if appropriate) TANGGAPIN ANG
ULAT. The platoon sergeants face about and command MAG-ULAT.
The squad leaders report as previously described in Section 6
paragraph 6.2.d. After receiving the report, the platoon sergeants
face about. When all the platoon sergeants are facing to the front,
the First Sergeant commands MAG-ULAT. The platoon sergeants
salute and report (as described in paragraph 6-2e) in succession from the
right to left. The First Sergeant returns each salute individually.
Having received the report from the platoon sergeants, the First
Sergeant faces about and awaits the arrival of the company
commander.
d) When the Company Commander has halted at his post, the
First Sergeant salutes and reports. "Ginoo, narito pong lahat,"
or "Ginoo, napagalaman pong lahat", or salutes and
commands SUMALUNAN. The First Sergeant faces about and
marches three steps forward. The platoon sergeants face to
the right in marching and assume their post beside the first
squad leader (if the platoon leader is not present, they step
forward three steps). The platoon leaders march around the
left flank of their platoon and assume their post by inclining
and halting, already facing the front.
2) Forming with officer
When the company is formed by the Company Commander,
the procedures are the same as forming with the non-
commissioned officers except that the platoon leaders form their
platoons and the First Sergeant, platoon sergeants, and Guidon
Bearer fall in their post. The command SUMALUNAN is not
necessary.
CHANGING INTERVAL
When the Company Commander wants the company to obtain
close interval in line formation while maintaining a five-step
interval, he directs LAPIT SA UNANG PULUTONG MASINSING
PAGITAN. The platoon leaders face about and command ISAHANG
BILANG, NA. After the platoons have counted off the platoon
leaders command MASINSING PAGITAN, KAD. The second, third,
and fourth platoon leaders command HARAP SA KANAN, NA, and in
succession command HATING HAKBANG, KAD. They halt at five-
step interval and face the platoon to the left. If the directive
"LAPIT SA IKATLONG PULUTONG MASINSING PAGITAN" is given,
the platoon leaders on the right of the designated platoon to the left,
march (half step) forward until the five-step interval is obtained, and then halt
and face their platoons to the right.
CHANGING INTERVAL
When the Company Commander wants the company to
obtain normal interval from close interval in line formation while
maintaining five-step interval, he directs "PADALANG SA UNANG
PULUTONG GAWING PAGITAN". The platoon leaders face about
and march (half step) their platoons to a position that ensures the
five-step interval between platoons to the left, then the platoon
leaders command ISAHANG BILANG, NA. The platoon leaders
then command GAWING PAGITAN, KAD.

ALIGNING THE COMPANY
a. To align the company in a line formation, the Company
Commander directs "TUNTON SA KANAN". On the directive, all
platoon leaders face about. The right flank platoon leader
commands TUNTON KANAN, NA and aligns his platoon as
prescribed in platoon drill. When the alignment of the first rank
of the right platoon has been verified (the platoon leaders has
stepped off to align the second rank), the platoon leader to the
left commands TUNTON KANAN, NA. He then faces to the half
right in marching, moves to a position on line with and one step
to the left of the left flank man of the first rank, and face (left
face) down the line.
After aligning the first rank, the platoon leader centers
himself on the first rank, faces to the right in marching, takes two
short steps, halts, executes left face, and aligns the second rank.
The third and fourth rank are aligned in the same manner as the
second rank. After aligning the fourth rank, the platoon leader
faces to the left in marching; halts and faces perpendicular to the
platoon, one step forward from the platoon, commands HANDA,
RAP, and proceeds to his post. All platoon leaders to the left of
the first take the same actions as the first platoon leader.
b. To align the company in column, the company commander
directs TUNTON HARAP. On this direction, the platoon leader
faces about and commands TUMAKIP. The other platoon leader
commands MANATILI. The first platoon covers as in platoon drill.
The other platoon then execute the movement in succession as
soon as the platoon to their front has completed the movement.

OPENING AND CLOSING RANKS
a. To open ranks, the company commander directs
"IBUKANG TALUDTOD ANG INYONG MGA PULUTONG". On the
directive, all platoon leaders face about. The right flank platoon
leader commands PABUKANG TALUDTOD, KAD. When the
platoon has completed the movement, it automatically dresses
and aligns as in platoon drill. When the first rank of the right
platoon has been aligned, the platoon leader to the left
commands PABUKANG TALUDTOD, KAD and then aligns his
platoon. All platoon leaders to the left of the second platoon take
the same actions as the second platoon leader.
OPENING AND CLOSING RANKS
b. To close rank, the commander directs "IBUKANG
TALUDTOD ANG INYONG MGA PULUTONG". On the directive, all
platoon leaders face about. The right flank platoon leader
commands PASINSING PAGITAN, KAD. The platoons execute the
movement the same as platoon drill. After the platoons have
completed the movement, the platoon leaders face about.
a. The company changes the direction of march basically the same as the
squad and platoon. The commands are LIKO SA KANAN (KALIWA), LIKO
HATING KANAN (KALIWA), KAD.
b. The base element during a column movement is the lead platoon and
the squad on the flank, in the direction of turn.
c. When at the halt, the leading platoon leader repeats the Company
Commander's preparatory command. Succeeding platoon leaders give the
supplementary command PASULONG. On the command of execution KAD the
leading platoon execute the movement as described in platoon drill;
succeeding platoons executes the movement on their platoon leaders'
command at approximately the same location.
d. While marching, the movement is executed as described from the halt
except that the succeeding platoon leaders give the supplementary command
TULOY ANG LAKAD rather than PASULONG.
e. The company executes rear march and inclines in the same manner as
the platoon.
f. When executing Counter Column March from the halt, the
leading platoon leader repeats the preparatory command.
Succeeding platoon leaders give the supplementary command
PASULONG. On the command of execution KAD, the leading
platoon executes the movement as described in platoon drill, and
marches though the other platoons. Succeeding platoons execute
the movement on their platoon leaders’ command at
approximately the same location. When the movement is
executed while marching, the command of execution is given as
the left foot strikes the marching surface. The movement is
executed basically the same as from the halt except that the
succeeding platoon leaders give the supplementary command to
continue to march rather than forward.
The Guidon Bearer faces left in marching from the halt or
executes a column left in marching, marches by the most direct
route outside of the formation, and repositions himself in front of
the lead platoon as it clears the rear of the company. If the
Company Commander gives the command from his post in a
separate unit, he moves in the most convenient manner to his
new position at the left flank of the unit. If he gives the command
while at the head of the company, he moves in the same
direction as the Guidon Bearer.

CORRECTING DISTANCE BETWEEN
PLATOONS
a. To obtain correct distance when the company is marching
in column or is in column halt, the Company Commander directs
"LAPIT SA UNANG PULUTONG".
b. When at the halt, on the directive "LAPIT SA UNANG
PULUTONG", the platoon leader of the leading platoon commands
(over the right shoulder) MANATILI. The succeeding platoon
leaders command (over the shoulder) PASULONG, KAD and then
command PATAKDA, KAD, and PULUTONG, TO when the correct
distance is obtained.
CORRECTING DISTANCE BETWEEN
PLATOONS
c. While marching, on the directive "LAPIT SA UNANG
PULUTONG", the platoon leader of the leading platoon commands
(over the right shoulder) HATING HAKBANG, KAD. The
succeeding platoon leaders command (over the shoulder) TULOY
ANG LAKAD and then command HATING HAKBANG, KAD as soon
as the correct distance is obtained.
d. The Company Commander commands PASULONG, KAD;
(TO) as soon as all platoons have obtained the correct distance
and are marching at half step.
The company forms columns of twos basically the same as the

platoon. The Company Commander must allow sufficient time for the
platoon leaders, and squad leader of the lead platoon, to give their
supplementary commands before giving the command of execution.
The command for this movement is DALAWANG TUDLING MULA SA
KALIWA (KANAN), KAD. The leading platoon leader repeats the
preparatory command. Other platoon leaders give the supplementary
command. On the Company Commander's command of execution
KAD, the leading platoon executes the movement as in platoon drill.
movement on their platoon leaders’ command. Succeeding platoon
leaders give their command so as to follow the prescribed five-step
distance between platoons.
FORMING A COMPANY MASS
a. The company form in mass and in column (platoons in
column) when halted or while marching. The company must be at
close interval (Close Interval, March) before the command
BALANGAY, MAGTIPON SA KALIWA, KAD is given.
b. When the preparatory command BALANGAY, MAGTIPON SA
KALIWA is given at the halt, the leading platoon commands,
MANATILI. The platoon leader of the succeeding platoons
command LIKO HATING-KALIWA. On the command of execution
KAD, the leading platoon stands fast. The other platoons execute
the column half left and then execute a column half right on the
command of their platoon leaders to a point (line) that ensures the
platoons to be at close interval with the platoon to their right when
halted. As the platoons come abreast of the base platoon, the
platoon leaders command PATAKDA, KAD. While the platoon is in
marking time, the members adjust their positions to ensure
alignment with the man to their right. The platoon leaders allow
their platoon to mark time for about eight counts and then
command PULUTONG, TO.
c. On the preparatory command, BALANGAY MAGTIPON SA
KALIWA while marching, given as the left foot strikes the
marching surface, the leading platoon leader gives the
supplementary command PATAKDA. The succeeding platoon
leaders command LIKO HATING-KALIWA. On the command of
execution KAD, the leading platoon begins to march in place.
After marking time at about eight counts, the lead platoon leader
commands PULUTONG, TO. The other platoons form in the same
manner as from the halt.
ALIGNING A COMPANY MASS
a. As soon as the company has formed in mass, the Company
Commander gives the command BABA, TA (if appropriate) and then
commands MASINSIN PAGITAN, TUNTON KANAN, NA.
b. On the command of execution NA, the platoon leader of the

right platoon marches by the most direct route to the right flank and
verifies the alignment of as many ranks as necessary to ensure proper
alignment in the same manner as aligning the platoon. When he has
finished the verification, the platoon leader turns to a position one step
in front of and centered on the third squad, halts, and faces to the
right. When the platoon leader has returned to his position, the
Company Commander commands HANDA, RAP.
CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF MARCH OF A MASS
FORMATION
The company changes the direction of march in mass
basically the same as a platoon column movement. When
executed from the halt, the commander has the unit execute
KANAN BALIKAT, TA (if appropriate), and faces toward the
desired direction of march, turns head toward the formation, and
commands PIHIT SA KANAN (KALIWA), KAD. On the command of
execution KAD the platoon leaders face to the HATING KALIWA
(KANAN) in marching and continue to march in an arc until
parallel to the new direction of march. Then they begin marching
with the half step, dressing on the right (left) flank platoon leader
until the command PASULONG, KAD is given.
CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF
MARCH OF A MASS FORMATION
The right (left) guide (the base squad leader in the direction
of turn) faces to the right (left) in marching and immediately
takes up the half step. All other squad leaders (front rank) face to
the half right (left) in marching and continue to march in an arc
until they come in line with the guide. At this time, they begin
marching with the half step and dress (glancing out of the corner
of the eye) in the direction of the turn until the command
PASULONG, KAD is given. After the company has completed the
turn, the commander faces about, commands PASULONG, KAD
and again faces about.
FORMING A COLUMN FROM A
COMPANY MASS
a. To form a company in column from company mass halt,
the command is SUNURAN NG MGA PULUTONG, KANAN
PULUTONG, LIKO SA KANAN (LIKO HATING KANAN), KAD. The
right platoon leader gives the supplementary command
PASULONG (LIKO SA KANAN or LIKO HATING KANAN) and the
other platoon leaders command MANATILI. On the command of
execution NA, the right platoon marches in the direction
indicated. All other platoons (in sequence) in column, execute
Column Half Right and Column Half Left on the command of their
platoon leaders.
FORMING A COLUMN FROM A
COMPANY MASS
b. To execute the movement when marching, the Company Commander
commands, AGAP, TA (unless at Sling Arms), and then commands SUNURAN
NG MGA PULUTONG, KANAN PULUTONG, TAKBONG HAKBANG, KAD. On the
preparatory command, the right platoon leader gives the supplementary
command TAKBONG HAKBANG, and then the other platoon leaders gives the
supplementary command TULOY ANG LAKAD. On the command of execution
KAD, the right platoon marches in double time. Other platoon leaders (in
sequence) command LIKO HATING KANAN, TAKBONG HAKBANG, KAD and
LIKO HATING KALIWA, KAD to bring the succeeding platoons in column with
the leading platoon. c. The platoon leader and the platoon sergeant position
themselves after the supplementary command but before the command of
execution.
FORMING A COMPANY IN COLUMN WITH
PLATOONS IN LINE AND REFORMED
a. To form a company in column with platoons in line from a
column formation at the halt, the command is HUMANAY NG MGA
PULUTONG, KAD. The platoon leader of the leading platoon
commands MANATILI. The second platoon leader commands
LIKO SA KANAN. All other platoon leaders command PASULONG.
On the command of execution KAD, the leading platoon stands
fast, and the second platoon executes a LIKO SA KANAN,
marches 12 steps past the right file of the first platoon, and
executes LIKO SA KALIWA. As they come on line with the base
platoon, the platoon leaders command PATAKDA, KAD. After the
platoon has marched in place for eight counts, the platoon leader
commands PULUTONG TO.
The succeeding platoons execute LIKO SA KANAN
at approximately the same location as the platoon to
their front and execute LIKO SA KALIWA and halt in
the same manner as the second platoon. When the
platoons have halted in position, the Company
Commander commands HARAP SA KALIWA, NA. On
that command, the platoon leaders and platoon
sergeants face in marching and assume their post.
b. When executed while marching, the movements are
basically the same as from the halt except that the commander
gives the command of execution as the right foot strikes the
marching surface. The leading platoon leader commands
PATAKDA, KAD. On the preparatory command, the second
platoon leader commands LIKO SA KANAN, and the succeeding
platoon leaders command TULOY ANG LAKAD. On the command
of execution KAD, the leading platoon executes mark time and
marches in place (approximately eight counts) until the platoon
leader commands PULUTONG, HINTO. The other platoons
execute the movement in the same manner as from the halt.
DISMISSING THE COMPANY
a. The company is dismissed while at attention. It may be dismissed by the
First Sergeant.
b. When the company is dismissed by the First Sergeant, the Company
Commander commands TANDIS NG BALANGAY. The First Sergeant marches by the
most direct route to a position three steps from and directly in front of the
Company Commander. After the First Sergeant halted, the Company Commander
commands LANSAGIN ANG BALANGAY. Salutes are exchanged. Upon termination
of the salutes, the platoon leaders and the Executive Officer leave the formation.
The platoon sergeants face to the right in marching and take their posts (platoon
leader's position) six steps in front of and centered on the platoon by marching
around the right flank of the platoon, inclining and halting when already facing to
the front. The First Sergeant steps forward three steps and faces about. When all
the platoon sergeants are at their posts, the First Sergeant commands LANSAGIN
ANG INYONG PULUTONG. The platoon sergeants salute. The First Sergeant and the
Guidon Bearer leave the formation. The platoon sergeants then dismiss their
platoons as in platoon drill.
c. When the company is dismissed by the Company Commander, he
commands LANSAGIN ANG INYONG PULUTONG. The platoon leaders
salute. The Company Commander returns all salutes with one salute. After
the salutes are exchanged the Company Commander, the Guidon Bearer,
First Sergeant, and the Executive Officer leave the formation. The platoon
leader(s) face(s) about and command(s) SARHENTO NG PULUTONG. The
platoon sergeant faces to the right in marching and marches (inclines)
around the squad leader (s), halts three steps in front of and centered on
the platoon leader, and faces to the right. Each platoon leader then directs
LANSAGIN ANG PULUTONG. Salutes are exchanged. The platoon leaders
leave the formation. The platoon sergeants step forward three steps, face
about, and dismiss the platoon as in platoon drill.
BATTALION AND BRIGADE FORMATION
FORMING AND DISMISSING THE BATTALION
a. The Adjutant is responsible for the formation of troops. He
takes a position at the right flank of the line on which the units
are to form and faces down the line. He remains facing down the
line until all units are formed and then marches to his post
midway between the line of troops and the proposed position of
the Commander. NOTE: If guides are used, the Adjutant takes his
post as soon as the guides have been aligned
b. As the Commander and his staff approaches, the Adjutant
commands (directs) the units HUMANDA, faces the commander,
salutes, and reports, “Ginoo, handa na po ang talupad.”

c. The Commander acknowledges the salute and commands
SUMALUNAN KA. The Adjutant marches (TROTS) forward, passes
to the Commander’s right, and takes his post at the right flank
staff officer. The Commander then commands or directs such
actions, as he desires, (KALUPUNAN) SUMALIKOD KO, KAD.
d. Normally, the Colors are positioned at the center of the
battalion when formed in line or column, and four (4) steps to the
rear of the staff when formed in mass.

e. To dismiss the Battalion Commander directs PAMUNUAN
ANG INYONG MGA BALANGAY. The Company Commanders
render salutes then the Battalion Commander returns all salutes
with one salute. He then dismisses his staff and commands
KALUPUNAN LUMANSAG.
NOTE: In a battalion mass formation, the platoon leaders
form as the first rank of troops. The right flank platoon leader
serves as the guide.
INSPECTING THE BATTALION
c. As the Battalion Commander (or his designated staff
officer) approaches the company, the Company Commander
salutes and reports, “Ginoo, handa na po ang balangay”. The
inspecting officer then proceeds to the first platoon to be
inspected. The Company Commander takes a position to the left
of the inspecting officer. The platoons are inspected in the same
manner as explained in company drill. In the event a platoon has
already been inspected, the platoon leader proceeds first to the
inspecting officer and commands his platoon to Attention and
renders salute as the inspecting officer approaches.
d. When the Battalion Commander has returned to the front
of the formation and all staff officers have completed their
inspection, the Battalion Commander commands TALUPAD,
HUMANDA and dismisses the battalion. After the inspecting officer
leaves, the platoon leader commands his platoon, LAPITANG
TALUDTUD KAD, steps about three (3) steps forward and
commands HARAP SA LIKOD NA and TATLONG HAKBANG
PASULONG KAD to occupy its former position.
e. If the battalion is being inspected by a higher commander
and his staff, the Battalion Commander reports to the inspecting
officer in the same manner as the company commanders. The
Battalion Commander’s staff takes a position to the left of the
higher inspecting staff and escort them to the unit. The Battalion
Commander escorts the higher commander.
FORMING AND DISMISSING THE BRIGADE
a. The brigade is formed and dismissed in the same
manner as the battalion.
b. Normally, the brigade Color is positioned at the
center of the brigade. Subordinate color-bearer
organizations position their Colors to the center of their
formation when in a line or column formation, or four
steps to the rear of their staff when in a mass
formation.
REVIEWS
A review is an inspection of troops by a high officer or
honored guest as a way of showing its troops’ unit strength,
state of discipline and preparedness.
PURPOSE
Reviews are often mistaken to be the same as parades. While
features are similar, these are two distinct ceremonies although the
combination of the two is normally practiced. A review is a military
ceremony used to:
1.Honor a visiting high-ranking commander, officials, or dignitary
and/or permit them to observe the state of training of a unit.
2.Present decorations and awards.
3.Honor or recognize unit or individual achievements.
4.Commemorate events.
It is more fitting therefore to entitle a program “ A

Review in Honor of ________” or “A Review in
Commemoration of _______” instead of calling it a parade
and review when actually what would be done is only a
review.
PURPOSE
A review consists of the following steps in sequence:
a.Formation of troops.
b.Presentation of Command and Honors.
c.Inspection.
d.Honors to the Nation.
e.Remarks.
f.Pass-in-Review.
g.Conclusion.
Note: The review stage may be omitted for decorations,
awards, or individual recognition ceremonies.
Other ceremonial activities or combinations thereof, those maybe
incorporated within a framework of review are:
1. Review with decorations, awards and individual recognition
ceremonies.
2. Review with change of command, activation, or de- activation of
units.
3. Review with retreat.
4. Review with retreat and retirement, decorations, and awards.
5. Review with retreat and change of command, activation, or de-
activation of units.
6. Review and parade with all of the above combinations.
The following are the three recommended
formations for conducting a review:
a. Battalion Formation with Companies in Line.
The Battalion is composed of a minimum of
two (2) Companies with three (3) Platoons per
Company.
Figure 1: Battalion Formation with Companies in Line
Note: Arrow points from the last element to the guide of the next platoon
b. Brigade Formation with Battalions in Line .
The Brigade is composed of a minimum of two
(2) Battalions with three (3) Companies each.
However, a minimum of two (2) Companies
per Battalion is recommended, provided that
the Companies are always composed of three
(3) Platoons each.
Figure 2: Brigade Formation with
Battalions in Line
c. Division Formation with Brigades in Line,
Battalions in Mass.
The participation of the saluting battery
should be considered as part of the formation
whenever possible by the space available.
Division Formation with
Brigades in Line, Battalions in Mass
Reviewing Officer Party
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
AND INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS
a. REVIEW (STANDARD)
1) FORMATION OF TROOPS.
a) As soon as the troops are ready, the Troop Adjutant (TA) (from his
position near the band) directs IHUDYAT ANG PAGHANDA. The
band immediately sounds ATTENTION CALL to signal the start of
the ceremony.
b) Upon hearing the ATTENTION CALL, all Battalion Commanders
(BCs) face about, bring their units to attention and right shoulder
arms, then face front.
c) The TA again directs IHUDYAT ANG TAWAG ADYUTANTE. The band
sounds the ADJUTANT’S CALL, immediately followed by March
music.
d) d) The BCs give PASULONG, KAD, the troops follow the route.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
e) When the Companies are already perpendicular with their markers,

the BCs command KALIWANG PANIG, KAD. Platoon guides go to
Port Arms then move in front of their respective markers in double
time facing the Adjutant. Upon reaching their position, they halt at
predetermined number of steps then execute Order Arms. When
the platoons are already at their markers, BCs command
TALUPAD, TO.
Preparation for Review
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
(Note: Entrance of troops is optional. The review may start with the
troops already in position in front of the Reviewing Officer. In which
case, Attention Call shall be sounded to signal the start of the
ceremony. The Troop Adjutant commands MGA GABAY SUMAHANAY
NA, then follow the sequence starting from f).
a)The TA designates the Alpha Company as the base company “A”
BALANGAY then positions himself midway between the line of troops
and the TC.
b)At the last note of “A” Balangay, the BCs simultaneously order:
TUNTON SA KANAN. This means that all Companies will align with the
base comp any.
c)The Company Commanders (CC) simultaneously face about then
order: TUNTON SA KANAN.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
d) The Platoon Leaders (PL) simultaneously face about and command:
TUNTON SA KANAN, NA. After which, they face to the half left
(except the last PL who faces to the half right) and march directly
and align at the right of the first Squad Leader (last element of the
first squad, for the last PL) counting thirteen (13) steps (close with
the 14th step).
e) The PLs align facing the TA former position then face about
immediately after closing on the 14th step, except the last PL who
remains facing the TA’s former position.
f) Immediately, the first PL orders: TATAG, followed by
the second PL up to the last PL who prolongs the word.
The PL aligns the platoon by taking short steps to the
right or left as necessary to see down the squad.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
g) After giving the prolonged order TATAG, the last PL executes two (2) left steps as
visual reference for the other PLs. Continuously, he will return to his former
position by executing two (2) right steps.
h) After the last PL has executed the two (2) right steps, the other PLs simultaneously
execute left face (right face for the last PL) and march five (5) half steps (closes on
the sixth half step) then face the second squad.
i) Immediately, the first PL orders: TATAG, followed by the second PL up to the last
PL who prolongs the word.
j) After giving the prolonged order TATAG, the last PL executes two (2) right steps as
visual reference for the other PLs. Continuously, he will return to his former
position by executing two (2) left steps
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
k) After the prolonged order TATAG, all PLs simultaneously execute left
face (right face for the last PL) and march five (5) half steps (closes
on the sixth half step) then face the last squad.
l) Immediately, the first PL orders: TATAG, followed by the second PL up
to the last PL who prolongs the word.
m) After the last PL has executed the two (2) left steps, the other PLs
simultaneously execute right face (left face for the last PL) and
march five (5) steps (close on the sixth step) toward the front edge
of the platoon, approximately two (2) steps forward of the platoon,
then face down the line.
n) Simultaneously, all PLs command: HANDA, RAP,
then march forward toward the center of the platoon
counting five (5) steps and execute right turn towards
his position closing on the fourteenth step
(approximately six steps from the elements).
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
o) The CC followed by the BC then faces front.

p) The TA now directs: MGA GABAY SUMALUNAN.
q) The BC commands: MGA GABAY SUMALUNAN, KAD, then faces
front.
r) TA reports to TC: Ginoo, handa na po ang talupad.
s) TC acknowledges the salute and says: “SUMALUNAN KA”.
t) As soon as the TA is posted, the TC commands:
“KALUPUNAN SUMALIKOD KO, KAD”.
PRESENTATION OF COMMAND AND HONORS
When the DG/RO has halted at his post, the TC faces about and directs
TANGHAL SANDATA.
a) The BCs face about and command: TANGHAL, TA, face the front
and salute together with their respective staff.
b) When the units have completed this movement, the TC faces
about and executes with his staff: PUGAY KAMAY, NA.
c) Upon completion of the presentation and/or honors, the TC
commands his staff: BABA KAMAY, NA, faces about and directs:
BABA SANDATA.
d) The BCs and staff terminate their salutes, the BCs face about and
command: BABA, TA. They then face the front.
e) The TC faces to the front.
INSPECTION
a) When the TC has faced the reviewing stand, the DG/RO and MH
move forward and halt three steps in front of the TC. Staffs, aides-
de-camp, and orderlies do not normally accompany the inspecting
party. However, if the DG/RO is mounted during the inspection, his
personal Color and aide-de-camp should be on another vehicle.
b) The TC salutes and reports: Ginoo, handa na po ang mga talupad
upang siyasatin (Sir, the troops are ready for inspection). The band
begins to play march music on the first left step of the DG/RO and
continues to play until the DG/RO has returned to his post.
INSPECTION
c) The DG/RO acknowledges the salute and the TC escorts the DG/RO (to be
at the center), the MH (to be at the left of the DG/RO) for the inspection of
troops. As they approach the first element of the band, the MH will position
at the right of the TC so that the DG/RO will be nearest the troops. After
the last element of the troops, the MH will position at the left of the
DG/RO. When riding a vehicle, the reviewing party passes between the line
of Battalion Commanders and Company Commanders. When marching, the
reviewing party passes between the front rank of the troops and the
Platoon Leaders when companies are in line formation.
d) When the inspection is made by motor vehicle, the inspecting party enters
the vehicle in front of the reviewing stand. The DG/RO enters first and
occupies the left rear position. The vehicle approaching from the left of the
TC, proceeds to the post of the TC and stops. The TC salutes and enters the
vehicle, occupying the right front position.
INSPECTION
e) Upon the departure of the inspecting party, the senior staff officer
commands the staff to PAHINGA. After the inspection has been
completed, the senior staff officer commands HUMANDA before the
return of the TC.
f) When the reviewing party marches while trooping the line and is about
to pass, the Platoon Leader faces about and commands: HANDA TINGIN
SA KANAN, NA. The elements turn their heads to the right and see the
honoree as they pass by. The Platoon Leader executes eyes left then
faces front after the inspecting party has passed the platoon.
Simultaneously, the Battalion and Company Commander faces front and
commands: KALUPUNAN, SUMALIKOD KO, KAD; and MGA GABAY
SUMALIKOD KO, KAD respectively, to witness the inspecting party.
However, if the inspecting party are riding for the trooping the line, the
Company Commander and staff stay put and just execute eyes right.
More so, the Platoon Leader faces front after giving the
command HANDA TINGIN SA KANAN, NA.
INSPECTION
g) As the inspecting party approaches the Colors, the TC
inconspicuously commands GINOO, ANG MGA WATAWAT, PUGAY
KAMAY, NA (Sir, the Colors, Present Arms) six steps to the Colors
and BABA KAMAY, NA (Ready Front) immediately after the
Colors.
h) Upon reaching the last element of the troops, the inspecting party
return to their respective positions using the most direct route.
HONORS TO THE NATION
a) When the inspecting party has returned to its post, the TC faces about
and directs TANGHAL SANDATA. The BCs face about and command:
TANGHAL, TA. Each commander then faces front and salutes. When all
units have completed these movements, the TC faces front and
commands: PUGAY KAMAY, NA for himself and his staff. On the
execution of the Hand Salute by the TC, the band begins to play the
National Anthem.
b) The inspecting party and all military spectators salute while the
National Anthem is being played.
c) Upon completion of the National Anthem, the TC and staff terminate
their salutes on his command: BABA KAMAY, NA. He then faces about
and directs BABA SANDATA.
d) The BCs terminate their salutes, face about, and command:
BABA, TA then face front.
a) PASS-IN-REVIEW
PASS-IN-REVIEW
a) The TC brings his staff behind him, KALUPUNAN, SUMALIKOD KO,
KAD. When the staff has reversed its position, the TC directs PASA
MASID. The band moves to march position.
b) The DG/RO moves forward to acknowledge the salute of the troops
passing before the grandstand.
c) When the Colors pass before the reviewing stand, the band
interrupts the music and plays four ruffles and flourishes. The
spectators execute Hand Salute or the equivalent salute for the
civilians.
PASS-IN-REVIEW
d)The band continuously plays until the
last parade elements leave the parade
ground.
e)When all the troops and floats have
cleared the parade ground, the TC and
staff move forward facing the
grandstand and halt ten steps in front of
the honoree. The TC salutes and the
honoree acknowledges the salute. He
may or may not thank or congratulate
the TC and staff.
Check on Learning:
Squad Drill
Platoon Drill
Company Drill
Battalion Drill
QUESTIONS
SUMMARY
 Definition of Drill Terms
 Commands and Voice Command
Individual Positions and Stationary Movements
 Steps and Marching
 Inspections with and without arms
 Squad Drill
 Platoon Drill
 Company Drill
 Battalion Drill
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS AND INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS
(Pass in Review)
ASSESSMENT
Performance Examination:
100pts
Battalion
Ceremonial Parade
OUTCOME
At the end of the session, the
learners were able to perform
the Battalion Ceremonial
ParadeAt the end of the session,
the learners were able to
perform the Battalion
Ceremonial Parade
FEEDBACK
FUTURE
THE END

Drills and Ceremonies

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Drills and Ceremonies

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Honor. Patriotism. Duty.

ELO: Show the Squad Drill, Platoon Drill,

In case of fire, do not panic and if possible,

Silent Mode Take Note of Any Queries

The commander gives the command MANUMBALIK

e) DA – (abbreviated HUMANDA) for attention.

g) COMBINED COMMANDS - The preparatory command and

Example: “ITANGHAL ANG SANDATA”. “PAMUNUAN ANG INYONG

The diaphragm automatically controls normal

4. Arms remain at the sides, as in the position of

forward, and the upper arm is horizontal to the ground with

Then execute sharply the salute by touching the muzzle

alongside the lead foot, assuming the position of

and 3 inches straight to the rear of the trouser seams.

7. On the command of execution KAD, take two more 30-

closed, knuckles out. You will continue to march, taking

march, taking 180 36-inch steps per minute, swinging your

At this position, the soldier may move; however, he must

d. Rifle Position at Route Steps

5. Cut away your left hand smartly to the side. Note:

The individual receives the weapon by grasping the

c) The right flank man comes to the position of attention

The squad member obtains close interval by placing the palm

NOTE: To ensure that each member understands the

To obtain close interval from normal interval, the command is

NOTE: The squad leader takes the correct number of

To obtain normal interval from close interval, the command is

Forming of twos from a file is executed only from the halt.

Pvt Dela Cruz - CQ runner

NOTE: When a group of individuals is called from the

On the command of execution KAD, the base squad executes

To change the direction 45 degrees, the command is LIKO

The company forms columns of twos basically the same as the

b. On the command of execution NA, the platoon leader of the

FORMING AND DISMISSING THE BATTALION

FORMING AND DISMISSING THE BATTALION

It is more fitting therefore to entitle a program “ A

e) When the Companies are already perpendicular with their markers,

o) The CC followed by the BC then faces front.

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