Microcontroller basics

Arduino IDE
• Download from:
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
 About Arduino Uno
Reset button 14 Digital I/O pins (6 PWM)

USB port

12 V input

6 Analog Input pins

3.3 V and 5 V outputs

http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1682209.pdf
Setting up Arduino IDE
 Structure of an Arduino code

Before going to the setup function constant

int pin = 1; 1. Define Variables
variables should be defined

void setup() 2. Setting up Setup function is run once, when the

{} functions microcontroller boots up or resets.

After setup function the processor moves to

void loop() run code inside the loop function. Code inside
{} 3. Eternal loop
loop function will be run over and over until
the microcontroller is shut down.
• It’s required to have both setup() and loop()
functions in the code
 Example 1 - Blinking led
• You need
– Breadboard
– Led
– Resistor (270 ohm)
– Arduino
– Wires
 Breadboard
Terminals with blue and red lines are called power
busses and are connected together horizontally.

Terminals in the middle are connected together

vertically. The gap in the middle separates the two
sides.
 Example 1

http://blog.grifby.com/2013/04/tutorial-1-blinking-led-using-arduino.html
 Arduino C – Basic functions
pinMode(var1, var2) pinMode functions sets the mode of given pin. Var1 is the
number of the pin and var2 is the mode (INPUT, OUTPUT)

digitalWrite(var1, var2) digitalWrite changes the status of the pin. Var1 is the
number of the pin and var2 is the status (LOW, HIGH).
Writing your first program
Basic blinking LED
int ledPin = 13;

void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(1000);
}
Writing your first program
Basic blinking LED
int ledPin = 13; //Variable to store the pin number

void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); //set ledPin as output
}

void loop()
{
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); //LED ON
delay(1000); //Wait 1000ms (=1s)
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); //LED OFF
delay(1000); //Wait 1000ms (=1s)
}
 Uploading the program
1. Click Verify
The program is
checked 2.
1.
2. Click Upload
The program is
uploaded to the
Arduino mCu
board
 Example 2 - Controlling
servomotor with Arduino
• Servomotor is controlled with PWM signal
• For controlling servomotor only Arduino is
needed
• Arduino IDE has its own servomotor library
 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)

• Basic terms

• Duty cycle = Pulse Width / Wave Period

 Example 2
Using 5 V servo motor
#include <Servo.h>
Example 2
Servo myservo;

int pos = 0;

void setup()
{
myservo.attach(9);
}

void loop()
{
for(pos = 0; pos <= 120; pos += 1)
{
myservo.write(pos);
delay(15);
}
for(pos = 120; pos>=0; pos-=1)
{
myservo.write(pos);
delay(15);
}
}
#include <Servo.h>
Example 2
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo

int pos = 0; // variable to store the servo position

void setup()
{
myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
}

void loop()
{
for(pos = 0; pos <= 120; pos += 1) // goes from 0 degrees to 120 degrees
{ // in steps of 1 degree
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
}
for(pos = 120; pos>=0; pos-=1) // goes from 120 degrees to 0 degrees
{
myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'
delay(15); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position
}
}
 Example 3 - Servomotor control
with potentiometer
• You need
– Breadboard
– Servomotor
– Potentiometer
– Arduino Uno
– Wires
 Example 3

http://www.electroschematics.com/11453/digital-potentiometer-arduino-shield/
 Example 3
• analogRead(analogPinNumber);
– Reads the analog pin where the potentiometer is
attached
• map(value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh);
-Scales the potentiometer value to servomotors angle
-The analog input has 10 bit resolutions
 Example 3
#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo

int potpin = A0; // analog pin used to connect the potentiometer (F0/A0)
int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin

void setup()
{
myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
}

void loop()
{
val = analogRead(potpin); // reads the value of the potentiometer (value between 0 and 1023)
val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 120); // scale it to use it with the servo (value between 0 and 120)
myservo.write(val); // sets the servo position according to the scaled value
delay(15); // waits for the servo to get there
}