Core 4

Trigonometry
Simplifying Expressions

Sin and Cos values you should know

 The Double Angle Formulae
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
sin (A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B

cos (A + B) = cos A cos B - sin A sin B

cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B

tan (A + B) = tan A + tan B

1 – tan A tan B
 Double Angle Identities
sin (2A) = 2 sin A cos A

cos (2A) = cos2 A - sin2 A

cos (2A) = cos2 A – (1 - cos2x) = 2 cos2 A - 1
cos (2A) = 1 - sin2x – sin2 A = 1 - 2 sin2 A

tan (2A) = 2 tan A

1 – tan2 A
Simplifying Expressions Using Double Angle Formulae - 1
E.g. Show cos x - sin x - 1 = -2 sin x/2 (sin x/2 + cos x/2)
Using
sin (2A) = 2 sin A cos A sin (x) = 2 sin x/2 cos x/2
cos (2A) = cos2 A - sin2 A cos (x) = cos2 x/2 - sin2 x/2
Rewrite
cos x - sin x - 1 = cos2 x/2 - sin2 x/2 - (2 sin x/2 cos x/2) -1
Since, sin2 x/2 + cos2 x/2 = 1 Then: cos2 x/2 = 1 - sin2 x/2

cos x - sin x - 1 = 1 - sin2 x/2 - sin2 x/2 - (2 sin x/2 cos x/2) -1
= - 2 sin2 x/2 - (2 sin x/2 cos x/2)

= - 2 sin x/2 (sin x/2 + cos x/2) QED

Simplifying Expressions Using Double Angle Formulae - 2
E.g. Show (cos A + sin A) (cos B + sin B) = cos (A - B) + sin (A + B)
Recall (because they are in the answer, you’ll need them!)
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
Expand
(cos A + sin A) (cos B + sin B)
= cos A cos B + cos A sin B + sin A cos B + sin A sin B
= sin A cos B + cos A sin B + cos A cos B + sin A sin B

sin (A + B) cos (A - B)

= cos (A - B) + sin (A + B) QED

Have a go
Page 60

Ex A
Q 6, 7, 8 , 9
Things you should know - 1
y = sin x
sin 0 = 0
sin 90 =1

sin x = cos (90-x)

cos x = sin (90-x)
y = cos x

cos 0 = 1
cos 90 =0
 Things you should know - 2

sin 45 = 1/2 = 0.707

1 2 cos 45 = 1/2 = 0.707
45o
1

sin 30 =1/2= 0.5

60o
2
sin 60 = /2 = 0.866
3 3

cos 60 =1/2= 0.5 30o

1
cos 30 = 3/2 = 0.866