ACTIVE & PASSIVE METHODS OF SOLAR

ENERGY CONVERSION
(Solar Architecture)
 SOLAR ENERGY
1. ACTIVE SOLAR 2. PASSIVE SOLAR
ENERGY ENERGY
a) Solar Energy for Design for space heating
electrification or cooling by Solar
Energy without any
• by photovoltaic cell
mechanical devices but
(PV cell) with the help of
• site,
b) Solar thermal energy • orientation,
by: • direct, indirect & isolated
– Solar water heater gain
– Solar • building technology
collector/cooker • Absorbing, storing,
– Solar dryer/oven controlling & distributing
solar energy
 SOLAR ENERGY
1. ACTIVE SOLAR 2. PASSIVE SOLAR
ENERGY ENERGY
Active Solar Energy
Solar water heater, Solar collector/cooker, Solar dryer/oven
 SOLAR ENERGY

3.Hybrid systems:
Combination of
Active cum Passive
solar energy system

– Natural convective
loop
– air & water loop
– Thermic diode
a) Solar Electrification by PV cell

• Solar Electrification -
PV cell
• direct conversion of
Sunlight to use as
electricity
• by photovoltaic cells by
photoelectric effect.
• solar cell consists of
Silicon crystals,
• which converts solar
photons into electrons.
a) Solar Electrification by PV cell

Solar electric lighting

system:

a) Solar cell (panel)

b) solar battery
c) charge controller
d) Solar lamps
-halogen/fluorescent
e) wiring fixtures
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF
PV CELL:
ADVANTAGES
• No use of fuel
• No pollution in environment
• Low maintenance
• Safe i.e. no electric shock
(d.c. current)
• Economical in long run
• Mostly used in rural area
• Autonomous system
DISADVANTAGES
• Initial cost high
• requires batteries &
controller
• requires special lamps &
wires
• lamps & fixtures easily not
available
• lack of knowledge &
awareness
• lack of trained technicians
• Costly in urban area due to
policy
Common use of Solar Electrification by
PV cell:
1. Household – lighting, TV,
radio, audiovisual
players etc.

2. Small Industry –
lighting, sewing machine,
calculator, computer,
security alarm,

3. Farming - electric fencing

in farms, water pumping

4. Lighting – traffic signal

lighting, street lighting

5. Vehicle – Solar Electrical

Vehicle used by charging
from PV
CALCULATION:

S.No. Load No. Power Duration (hr) Energy required

1 Lamps 6 9 watts 5 hrs 270 Whr
2 TV 1 80 watts 4 hrs 320 Whr
3 computer 1 100 watts 3 hrs 300 Whr
890 Whr
=0.89 KWhrs/day

• 1 sq m Solar panel = 4.5 KWhrs/day in Kathmandu

• 1 sq m Solar panel = 3.5 to 6.3 KWhrs/day in Earth
 SOLAR WATER HEATER
• Natural convective system
• South slope collector
• Closed circuit
• Efficiency depends upon
type & materials used

• Type - vacuum/ local

system
• Solar collector & storage
tank
• Constant circulation of
water between collector &
tank
 SOLAR WATER HEATER

Vacuum system :
• Efficient but costly than local type
• Solar collector - double tube system

Local system :
• Cheaper than vacuum type
• Material- GI pipe, glass, GI &
aluminum sheet, glass wool
• Solar collector – black body sheet
with glass cover
SOLAR WATER HEATER
 SOLAR
COLLECTOR/REFLECTOR/COOKER
• Concave shape- converse
reflection of solar ray in one
point
• Reflector - highly polished
metal / mirror
Solar collector/ reflector
• Many type – parabolic/
parabolic/ chinese
• Used in kitchen of hostel in
Pulchowk campus, SOS
villages, hostels etc
• Used to boil water & cooking
Solar cooker
 SOLAR DRYER/OVEN

• Developed in 1977
• Used to dry agriculture
products
• Specially herbs &
vegetables
• Temp rises up inside
• with incidence of Solar
radiation
• Save fuel wood / kerosene
 SOLAR DRYER/OVEN

• Box type cooker/

drier
• Inclined glass cover
with insulated box
• Inside black body
• Wheel on the bottom
• Rice – 1.5 hrs
• Dal – 2 hrs
 SOLAR HYBRID SYSTEM
• Combination of Active cum
Passive solar energy system
• Natural convective loop
• Thermic diode

• THERMOSYPHON/
CONVECTIVE LOOP- natural
circulation of heat

• Solar collector & storage

placed isolated from living
space
• I e water or air convective
loop
SOLAR HYBRID SYSTEM–Natural
Convective loop
• Solar energy used to
heat air or water
• The warm air or water
transfer heat by
circulating to storage
mass
• Require - Collector,
Storage mass &
mechanism
• Black painted south
sloped collector
• 20- 40 % of floor area of
space
SOLAR HYBRID SYSTEM
THANK YOU