INTRODUCTION

AMIRUDDIN, S.PD., M.Pd

INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM

AS’ADIYAH SENGKANG
Introduction

Linguistics level Meaning

Pragmatic Dealing with language in use
Semantic Dealing with meaning
Syntactic Dealing with sentence-structure
Morphological Dealing with word-structure
Phonology Dealing with sound systems
WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY?
 The branch of linguistics (and one of the major
components of grammar) that
studies word structures especially in terms of
morphemes. Adjective: morphological.
(http://gramm
ar.about.com/od/mo/g/morphologyterm. htm)

 Katamba (1993) says that Morphology is the study

of word structure.
Morpheme Definitions
 Ingo Plag (2003) says, “Morpheme is the
smallest meaningful unit.”
 Hanafi (2003) states that morpheme is the
smallest meaningful unit of an utterance.
 Morpheme is the smallest difference in the
shape of a word that correlates with the
smallest difference in a word or sentence
meaning or in grammatical structure.
(Katamba: 1993)
BOUND AND
FREE
Morphemes
 Bound Morphemes – cannot occur
unattached.
 Free Morphemes – can stand on its own.
(root words and function words)

Ex. glasses
glass – free morpheme
-es – bound morpheme
FREE MORPHEMES
Lexical Category (content words)
• Noun
• Adverb
Grammatical Category
• Adjectives
(function)
• Verb
• Pronoun
• Conjunction
• Preposition
• Article
BOUND MORPHEMES
• Affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes,
circumfixes)
-derivational
-inflectional
DERIVATIONAL
Ex. Impossible
Im- deriv. Possible – root word
1. When the preceding sound is sibilant (horse, rose,
bush, church, and judge), the [iz] allomorph occurs.
2. Preceding sound is voiceless/produced with no
vibration of the vocal folds in the larynx (cat, rock, and
cup), the [s] allomorph accurs.
3. After a vowel or a voiced consonant ( dog, and day),
the [z] allomorph accurs.
How many morphemes?
A
A book
A green book
A thick green
book
Morphological Interface
1. Morpho-Phonological Interface
1. Liberty (noun) liberties (noun plural)
2. Independence (noun) independency
(noun)
2. Morpho-Syntactical Interface
1. Anis laughed at her friend.
2. They love each other.
Thank you