Type Curve Analysis

Type Curve Analysis

Instructional Objectives
1. Identify wellbore storage and middle time
regions on type curve.
2. Identify pressure response for a well with
high, zero, or negative skin.
3. Calculate equivalent time.
4. Calculate wellbore storage coefficient,
permeability, and skin factor from type
curve match.
Dimensionless Variables
Dimensionless Variables
qB  948ct r 2 
p  pi  70.6 Ei 
kh  kt 
 
r
rD 
 2
 r   rw
   
kh pi  p  1  r  
  Ei   
w

141.2qB 2   0.0002637kt  
 4 

  ct rw
2


kh pi  p  0.0002637kt
pD  tD 
141.2qB ct rw2
1  rD2 
pD   Ei 
2  4t D 
 Dimensionless Variables
Radial Flow With WBS And Skin

kh pi  p  0.0002637kt
pD  tD 
141.2qB ct rw2
r
rD 
rw

khps 0.8936C
s CD 
141.2qB ct hrw2
 Gringarten Type Curve
• Constant rate production
• Vertical well
• Infinite-acting homogeneous reservoir
• Single-phase, slightly compressible
liquid
• Infinitesimal skin factor
• Constant wellbore storage coefficient
 Pressure Type Curve
100
CDe2s=1060

10
CDe2s=100
pD

CDe2s=0.01
0.1

0.01
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
tD/CD
 Pressure Derivative

162.6qB   kt  
p  log   3.23  0.869s 
  ct rw 
2
kh 

p p pD pD

t  tD 
t  ln  t  t D  ln  t D 

p 70.6qB pD

t  tD  0.5
t kh t D
 Derivative Type Curve
100

CDe2s=1060
10

CDe2s=100
tDpD'

0.1
CDe2s=0.01

0.01
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
tD/CD
 Pressure And Derivative Type Curves
100

10
pD, tDpD'

0.1

0.01
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
tD/CD
 The Diagnostic Plot
Instructional Objectives

1. Identify time regions.

2. Identify flow regimes.
3. List factors that affect pressure
response in early time.
4. List boundaries that affect pressure
response in late time.
 The Diagnostic Plot
Pressure change, derivative, psi

Elapsed time, hrs

 Time Regions on the Diagnostic Plot
Pressure change, derivative, psi

Early-time Middle- Late-time

region time region
region

Elapsed time, hrs

 Time Regions On The Type Curve
100

WBS Transition Radial Flow

10

p’D=0.5 Horizontal Derivative

pD

Unit Slope Line

0.1

Early Time Middle Time

Region Region
0.01
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
tD/CD
 Estimating Skin Factor
100
High Skin

10

No Skin
pD, tDpD'

0.1
Negative Skin

0.01
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
tD/CD
 Equivalent Time For PBU Tests

  k  
pi  pwf  162.6
qB
 
log10 t p  log   3.23  0.869s 
2 
kh   ct rw  

  k  
pi  pws  162.6
qB
 
log10 t p  t  log   3.23  0.869s 
2 
kh    ct rw  

qB   k  
 162.6 log10  t   log   3.23  0.869s 
2 
kh   ct rw  
 Equivalent Time For PBU Tests

  k  
pws  pwf  162.6
qB
 
log10 t p  log   3.23  0.869s 
2 
kh   ct rw  
  k  
 162.6
qB
 
log10 t p  t  log   3.23  0.869s 
2 
kh   ct rw  

qB   k  
 162.6 log10  t   log   3.23  0.869s 
2 
kh   ct rw  

qB   t p t   k  
pws  pwf  162.6 log10    log   3.23  0.869s 
kh   t p  t   c r 
2

    t w 
 Equivalent Time For PBU Tests

  k  
pi  pwf  162.6
qB
 
log10 t p  log   3.23  0.869s 
2 
kh   ct rw  

qB   t p t   k 
  log

  3.23  0.869s 
pws  pwf  162.6 log10 
kh   t p  t   c r 2  
    t w

qB   k  
pws  pwf  162.6 log10  te   log   3.23  0.869s 
kh   c r 2  
  t w
Equivalent Time For PBU Tests

Drawdown p  pi  pwf vs t

Buildup p  pws  pwf vs te

Properties Of Equivalent Time
t p t
te 
t p  t

tp
 t  t , t  t p
t p  t

t
 tp  t p , t  t p
t p  t

tp

HTR
Adjusted Variables For Gas Wells

 z  p p ' dp '
pa   
 p  ref

p '  0   p ' z  p '

t dt '
t a   ct  ref 
t ' 0   p  ct  p 

Ca  Vwbcg ref
 Type Curve Matching

• Plot field data on log-log scale

• Align horizontal part of field data and
type curve derivative
• Align unit slope part of field data and
type curve
• Select value of CDe2s that best
matches field data
 TCMATCH.WTD (Field Data)

10000

1000
Pressure change, psi

100

10

1
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Equivalent time, hrs

 TCMATCH.WTD (Drawdown type curve, Radial equivalent time)
Radial flow, Single porosity, Infinite-acting: Varying CDe2s
100

10
1000
Dimensionless pressure

1
Pressure change, psi

100

0.1
10

0.01
1
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Equivalent time, hr

0.001
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Dimensionless time
 TCMATCH.WTD (Drawdown type curve, Radial equivalent time)
Radial flow, Single porosity, Infinite-acting: Varying CDe2s
100

1000

10

Pressure change, psi

100
Dimensionless pressure

10

0.1

1
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Equivalent time, hr
0.01

0.001
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Dimensionless time
 TCMATCH.WTD (Drawdown type curve, Radial equivalent time)
Radial flow, Single porosity, Infinite-acting: Varying CDe2s
100

1000

10 Pressure change, psi

100
Dimensionless pressure

10

0.1

1
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Equivalent time, hr
0.01

0.001
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Dimensionless time
 TCMATCH.WTD (Drawdown type curve, Radial equivalent time)
Radial flow, Single porosity, Infinite-acting: Varying CDe2s
100
CDe2s=7x109
pD=10 p=262 psi 1000

10 Pressure change, psi

100
Dimensionless pressure

10

0.1

1
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Equivalent time, hr
0.01 teq=0.0546 hr

0.001
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

tD/CD=1 Dimensionless time

Interpreting Type Curve Match

• Calculate k from the pressure match

point ratio p/pD
• Calculate CD from the time match
point ratio teq/tD
• Calculate s from the matching stem
value CDe2s
Calculate k From Pressure
Match

141.2qB  pD 
k  
h  p  M .P.

k
141.2 501.325 0.609  10 
 
15  262 
 14.5 md
Calculate CD From Time Match

0.0002637k  teq 
CD   
ct rw2  t D CD 
 M . P.

 0.0002637 14.5  0.0546 

 0.183 0.609 1.76  10  0.25  1 
CD  5
 

 1703
Calculate s From CDe2s

1  CD e 2 s 

s  ln
2  CD 


1  7  109 
s  ln
2  1703 
 7.6
 Exercise 1

• Use type curve matching to analyze a

pressure buildup test