RINGKASAN PERBAIKAN TANAH

DENGAN BERBAGAI METODE

 SUMMARY OF SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHODES
Summary of soil improvement methodes
Max.
Special Special
Most suitable soil effective Properties of treated Special advanteges and relative
Methode Principle materials equipment
condition/types treatment material limitations cost
required required
depth
BLASTING Shock wave and Saturated, clean > 30 m Explosives, Jeeting or drilling Can obtain relative Rapid, inermehesive, can treat low
vibrations cause sands; partly backfill to machine densiies to 70-80% may any ..
liquifaction and saturated sands plug drill get variable density time
IN SITU DEEP COMPACTION OF CHESSIONLESS SOIL

displacement, with and siles holes, hole independent strength grain

settlement to highs foollapsible …after easines
density flooding
VIBRATORY Densificaton by Saturated or dry 20 m Vibrator Can obtain relative Can obtain relative density Rapid, simple, good moderat moderate
PROBE vibrations liquefaction clean sand pile, driver density of upto…, of upto 50%, in efective in under water soft under layer may
induced settlement and 750 m in efective in some same sand clear vibration, difficult to
under overburden dia. Opens sand penetrate, still everlayer, not
teel pipe good in partly saturated soil

VIBRO Densificaton by Cohesionless soils 30 m Granular vibroflot, crane, can obtain high relative useful in saturated and partly moderate
COMPACTION vibrations and with less than 20% backfill, pumps densition, good uniformity saturated soils, uniformity
compaction of backfill fines water
material supply
COMPACTION Densificaton by Loose sand soils > 20 m Pile pile drives, social can obtain high densition, useful in soils with fines, uniform Moderate to
PILES displacement of pile partly saturated material sand pile good uniformity compaction, easy to result slow, high
volume and by clayey soil loses often sand equipment limited improvement in upper 1-2
vibration during or soil m
driving placement
mistural
HEAVY TAMPING repeated application Cohesionless soils, 30 m none tamperof up to can obtain good Rapid, simple, suitable for some Low
(Dynamics of high intensity waste fills, partly 200 tons, high improvement and soils with finess usable above
Consolidation) impact at surfaced saturated soils capacity crane reasonable uniformity and below water, requires
control, must be away from
existing structure
 SUMMARY OF SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHODES
Summary of soil improvement methodes
Max.
Special Special
Most suitable soil effective Properties of treated Special advanteges and relative
Methode Principle materials equipment
condition/types treatment material limitations cost
required required
depth
PRELOADING Load is applied Normally -- Earth fill or earth moving reduces water content, Easy, theory well developed, Low
sufficiently in advance consolidated soft other equipment, large void ratio dan uniformmity resources lane time (moderate of
of construction of soft clays, .. , organic material for water tank of compressibility increased vertical drain can be used to vertical
soils is complecated deposites,complet loading the vacum drainage strength reduce consolidation time drain are
price to development ed sanitary landfills sites sand system sometimes required)
of the site or gravel for used settlement
drainage marker,
blanked piezometer
PRECOMPRESSION

….FILLS Fill in excase of that Normally -- Earth fill or earth moving reduces water content, faster than preloading without moderate
EXCASE FILLS
required permanently consolidated soft other equipment, void ratio dan surchange, theory well
is applied to achived a clays, .. , organic material for settlement marker, compressibility increased developed, extra material
given amount deposites,complet loading the piezometer strength handing, can use vertical drains
ofsettement in shorter ed sanitary landfills sites sand to reduce consolidation time
time excase fill than or gravel for
remove drainage
blanked
ELECTRO- DC current cause Normally -- Anodes DC power supply, reduces water content, and No fill loading required, can used High
OSMOSIS water flow from sands consolidated soft (usually .. wiring, watering compressibility increased in confined areas, realitively fast,
towards methode clays or ..) system strength, electrochemical non-uniform propertire between
where it is removed gerdaning electrodes, good in highly
conductive soils
 SUMMARY OF SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHODES
Methode Principle
PARTICULATE Penetration grouting-
GROUTING fill soil pres with soil,
cement, and/or clay
CHEMICAL Solution of two or mre medium silts and
GROUTING chemicals react in soil coarse
pores to form a gel or
a soild pracipitate
PRESSURE Lime slurry injected to expansive clays
INJECTED LIME shallow depths under
INJECTION AND GROUTING
high pressure
DISPLACEMENT High viscous grout
GROUT acts as radial
hydroulic jcak when
pusped in under high
pressure
ELECTTRO stabilizing chemicals
KINETICINJECTIO moved into soil by
N electro-osmosis or
colloides into pores by
electro-phogenic
JET-GROUTING High speed jets at
depth excavate, inject,
and min stabilizer with
soil to from column or
panels
Summary of soil improvement methodes
Max.
Special Special
Most suitable soil effective Properties of treated Special advanteges and relative
materials equipment
condition/types treatment material limitations cost
required required
depth
medium to coarse unlimited grout, water mixers, tanks, impervious, high strength low cost grout, high strength, lowest of the
sand dan gravel pumps, hoses with cement grout, limited to croase graind soil, grout system
eliminate liquifaction, hard to evaluate
danger
unlimited grout, water mixers, tanks, impervious, high strength Low viscosity, controliable get high to very
pumps, hoses with cement grout, time, ggod water shut-off, high high
eliminate liquifaction, cost, hard to evaluated
danger
unlimited, but lime, water Slurry tanjs, lime encapsulated sones only effective in narrow range of Competitive
2-3 m ussual surfacetanc agitators, pumps, formed bay channels soil conditions with other
e hoses resulting form cracks, root solutions to
holes, hidraulic fracture expansive
soil
problems
Soft, fine, grained unlimitied, soil, cement batching Grout bulbe within Good for correction of differential low material,
soils, foundation but a few water equipment, high compresed soil matrin settlements, filling large vois, high
soils with large usual pressure pumps, careful control required inspetion
voids or cvities hoses
saturated silt,silty unknown Chemical DC power supply, Increased strength, existing soil and structures not expensive
clays (clean sands stabilizer anodes, cathodes reduced cempressibility, subjected to high pressures, no
in case of colloid colloid void reduced liquefaction good in soil with high
injection) fillers potential conductivity
sands, silts, clays, -- water, special jet solidified columns and usefull in foils that can't be
stabilising, nozzle,pumps, walls permetation grouted,precicsion
chemical pipes and hoses in locations treated sones
 SUMMARY OF SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHODES
Summary of soil improvement methodes
Max.
Special Special
Most suitable soil effective Properties of treated Special advanteges and relative
Methode Principle materials equipment
condition/types treatment material limitations cost
required required
depth
REMOVE AND Foundation soil inorganic soils 10 m admixture excavating, Increased strength and Uniform, controlled foundation high
REPLACE excavated, improved stabilizers mining, and stiffness, reduced soil when replaced, may requiree
by drying or adminture compaction cempressibility large area dewatering
and recompcted equipment,
dowsturing system

STRUCTURAL structural fill Use over soft clays -- sand, mixing and soft subgrade protected by High strength, good distribution low to heat
FILLS distributes loads to or organics soils, gravel,flyas compacting structural load bearing fill to underlying soft soils
underlying soft soils marsh deposite h, bottom equipment
ash, slag,
ADMIXTURE

expanded
agragate,
clam shell
or pyster
shell,
incinerator
ash
MIX-IN-PLACE Lime, cement, or all soft or loose > 20 m cement, Drill ring, rotary solidified soil piles or walls uses native soil, reduced lateral moderate to
PILES AND asphalt introduced inargonics soils lime, sutting and mixing or relatively hige strength sepport recuirement during .. high
WALLS through rotating auger asphalt or head, additive Difficult quality control
or special in-pace chemical proportioning
mixer stabilizer equipment
 SUMMARY OF SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHODES
Summary of soil improvement methodes
Max.
Special Special
Most suitable soil effective Properties of treated Special advanteges and relative
Methode Principle materials equipment
condition/types treatment material limitations cost
required required
depth
HEATING drying at low fine-grained soil, 15 m fuel fuel tanks, reduced water content, can obtain irreversible high
temperatures, especially partly burners, blowers plasticity, water sencitivity, improvements in properties, can
alteration of clays at saturated clays increased strength introduce stabilizers with hot
intermediate and silts, loses gases
temperatures (400-
THERMAL

o
600 c), fusion at high
o
temperature (>1000 c)

FREEZING freeze soft, wet all soil several m refrigerant refrigeration Increased strength and no good in flowing ground water, high
ground to increase its system stiffness, reduced temporary
strength and stiffness permeability

VIBRO- hole jetted into soft, soft clays and 20 m gravel or vibroflot, crane or increased bearng capacity, faster than precompression, Moderate to
REPLACEMENT fine grained soil and alluvial deposite crushed vibrocat, water reduced settlement avoids dewatering required for high
STONE AND back filled with density rock backfill remove and replace; limited
SAND COLUMN compacted gravel or bearing capacity
sand
REINFORCEMENT

BOOT PILES, Inclucions used to All soils 7m reinforcing Drilling and Renforced zone behaves in-situ reinforcement for soils moderate to
SOIL MAILING carry tension, shear, bars, grouting as a coherent … that can't be grouted or mixed in- high
compression cement equipments place with admixture
grout
STRIPS AND Horizontal tensile Cohesionless soils Can construct Metal or Excavating, earth self-supporting earth Economical, earth structures Low to
MEMBRANES strips, membrane in earth plastic strip, handling and structures, increased coherent, can tolerate moderate
under embankments, structures to geotextiles copaction bearing capacity, reduced deformations, increased
gravel base courses hights of equipment deformations allowable bearing pressure
and footings several tone
of meter
JENIS TANAH YANG SESUAI UNTUK BERBAGAI CARA PERBAIKAN

Gravel Sand Silt Clay

Vibro-compaction
Blasting
Particulate Grout
Chemical Grout
Displacement Grout
Precompression
Heavy Tamping (Dynamic Consolidation)
Electro-Osmosis
Reinforcement (tension, compression, shear)
Thermal Treatment
Admixtures

10 1.0 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001

Particle Size - mm