Presentation of Data

Presentation of Data
Method by which organize , summarize and communicate information
using a verity of tools such as a tables, graphs and diagram
 Presentation of Data

Tabular
Visual
presentation
Presentation

Graphical Diagrammatical
Presentation Presentation
 Uses of Presentation of Data
• Easy and better understanding of the subject
• Provides first hand information about data
• Helpful in future analysis
• Easy for making comparisons
• Very attractive
 Principles Presentation
• Data should be presented in simple form

• Arose interest in reader

• Should be concise but without losing important details

• Facilitate further statistical analysis

• Define problem and Should suggest its solution

 “Tabulation”
It is a systematic and logical arrangement of classified data in rows and
columns.

The following table shows the number of visitors to a park for the
months January to March.

Month January February March

Number of visitors 150 300 250

The variation of temperature in a region during a year is given as follows.

Depict it through the graph (bar).

Month Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperatur -6°C -3.5°C -2.7°C 4°C 6°C 12°C 15°C 8°C 7.9°C 6.4°C 3.1°C -2.5
e
 “Significance of Tabulation”
• Simplifies complex data

• Unnecessary details and repetitions of data avoided in tabulation

• Facilitates comparison

• Gives identity to data

• Reveals pattern with in the figures which cannot be seen in the

narrative form
• A number should be assigned to the table ( Table No.)

• A title should be given to the table , it should be concise and self

explanatory

• Contents of the table should be defined clearly

• Subtitles should be properly mentioned with columns and rows

• Group intervals in columns and rows should neither be too

narrow nor too wide. They should also be mutually exclusive

• Unit of measurement must be mentioned clearly where ever necessary

• Any short forms /symbols , if used should be explained in the
footnote

• No place should be left in the body of tables

• There should be logical arrangement of data in the table

Graph &
Diagrams
 “Advantages ”
• They are attractive

• They give a bird’s eye-view of the data

• They can be easily understood by common men

• They facilitate comparison of various characteristics

• The impression created by them are long lasting

• Theorems and results of statistics can be visualized using graphs

“Difference between Graphs and diagrams ”
• To construct a graph, graph paper is generally used whereas a
diagram is constructed on a plain paper.

• A graph represents mathematical relationship between two

variables where as a diagram does not.

• Graphs are more appropriate than diagrams to represent frequency

distributions and time series. Diagrams are not at all used for
representing frequency distributions.
“Difference between Graphs and diagrams ”

• Diagrams are more attractive to the eyes and as such are better
suited for publicity and propaganda.

• Diagrams do not add anything to the meaning of the data and

hence
they are not helpful in analysis of data.

• Graphs are very much used by the statisticians and the research
workers in their analysis.
 Presentation of Data

Graphs Diagrams
Histogram
frequency curve Bar Diagram
Frequency - Simple bar diagram
Polygon - Multiple bar diagram
Ogives - Component bar diagram
- Percentage bar diagram
Line graph - Deviation bar diagram

Pie diagram
Graphs
Analysis of Semester Grade Point Average Fall semester examination
Fall 20

SGPA Frequency %
Less than 2 54 5.2
2.00 - 2.49 100 9.6
2.50 - 2.99 155 14.9
3.00 - 3.49 250 24.1
Greater Than Equal to 3.5 320 30.9
Equal to 4 76 7.3
Retest / Make Up Exam 77 7.4
Repetition 4 0.4
Relegation 01 0.1
Withdraw 00 00
Primary
Total 1037 100 Data
Why is data visualization important?

As previously mentioned, we are living in the

age of ‘big data’
Data visualization is your map to understanding
information and gives you clear directions on where to go
next.
data visualization has 5 additional benefits:
1. Amplifies your message

• Your message is amplified in a few different ways. First of all, by

taking the time to create data visualizations, you show your audience
that you’ve done your homework. That alone gives a sense of
credibility to your content.

• Without visualizations, you run the risk of your audience not

understanding what you are trying to present. Your data might even
be received as meaningless and your entire message lost.
2. Gives meaning to your data

• Visualizations communicate valuable insights by creating visual

representations of your data.
• For example, an Excel spreadsheet showing that Microsoft’s sales
revenue has almost doubled between 2011 and 2018 isn’t nearly as
effective as graphic that data in a simple column with some
formatting.
time

Saves timefrfrds
 Diagrams
furnish only approximate information on the problem
under study.
There are different types of diagrams
• Simple bar diagram
• Multiple bar diagram
• Component bar diagram
• Pie Chart
• etc
• Simple bar diagram
A bar chart or bar graph is a way of showing information
by the lengths of a set of data. The bars are drawn
horizontally or vertically. If the bars are drawn vertically,
then the graph can be called a column graph or a block
graph.
Analysis of result of undergraduate students
Fall 20
Following data is showing semester grade point average
SGPA the result of 1052 students. Fall semester examination
fall 20 represent the data by the help of simple bar diagram
and comments on the results.
Data
 Analysis of Over all SGPA
350

329
300 Over all Average =
3.19
250
250

200

150
155

100
100
76
50
39
0 15
1.00 -1.50 1.51-1.99 2.00-2.49 2.50-2.99 3.00-3.49 3.50 -3.99 4
Message of the day

If you Carry Your Problems on Your HEAD, They Will Crush You,
But if You Put Them Under Your Feet, They Will Serve Like Stairs And
Help You To Rise Till SUCCESS

Thank You

Have a Nice Day