Mahatma Gandhi Vidymandir’s

Institute of Industrial and

Pharmaceutical Technology,
Panchavati, Nashik

Subject:- Pharmaceutics- I
Topic:- Tranquilizers
Presented By
Sonali Sanjay Ghuge
Roll No.

Subject Teacher
Prof. Shruti Jadhav
TRANQUILIZERS
TRANQUILIZERS
• A tranquilizer is a drug that acts on the CNS and is
used to calm, decrease anxiety, or help a person to
sleep.
• Often called depressants because they suppress the
CNS and slow the body down.
• Used to treat mental illness that are characteristic of
the psychoses which is a behavioral disorder.
• Also used in common anxiety and sleeplessness.
• Can cause dependence and certain ones can easily
be abused.
• Minor tranquilizers are called anxiolytics and major
tranquilizers are called Antipsychotics.
MAJOR PSYCHIATRIC
DISORDERS
• Psychoses eg Schizophrenia

• Affective disorders eg Depression and Mania

PSYCHOSIS
• False perceptions (Hallucinations)

• False beliefs (Delusions)

AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
• Emotional Disturbances:
Mood is very low (Depression)
Mood is very high (Mania)
SCHIZOPHRENIA
• Most Common form of psychosis (1% of world population)

• Most typical features are:

• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganised thinking
• Emotional abnormalities
PSYCHOSIS
• The psychosis are inhibition of mood and emotional
responses.
• Psychiatric illness can be divided into neurosis and psychosis.
• Neurosis is a class of functional mental disorders involving
distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations. Neurosis may
also be called psychoneurosis or neurotic disorder.
• An excess in dopaminergic signaling is hypothesized to be
linked to the positive symptoms of psychosis, especially those
of schizophrenia.
• Many antipsychotic drugs accordingly target the dopamine
system.
First generation:
1. Phenothiazine derivatives: Chlorpromazine HCI,
Triflupromazine, Thioridazine HCI, Mesoridazine HCI,
2. Butyrophenones: Haloperidol, Droperidol,
Resoperidone.
3. Thioxanthenes: Flupenthixol, Clopenthixol,
Zuclopenthixol.

Second generation:
Aripiprazole, Clozapine, Zotepine, Olanzapine,
Risperidone, etc.
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
• Mechanisms of action
• Competitive blockade of dopamine receptors and serotonin
receptors.
• Adverse effect result from blockade of different receptors.