Seminar presentation on

Drilling fluid additives

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

Name-Gojiya Harish Guided by-Miss. Kinjal Gohil

Roll No-808
Exam No-80100
Introduction

• The drilling fluid system commonly knowns as the mud system

• It is single component of well-construction process that remains in contact with the wellbore
throughout the entire drilling operation.

• Drilling fluid systems are designed and formulated to perform efficiently under expected wellbore
conditions.
What are drilling fluid additives?

• Drilling fluids additives are specialty products that serve specific need.

• CLAY-DRILL polymer- based HDD fluids is designed to provide borehole stabilization, counteract
the sticking tendencies of clay, and maximize clay/shale inhibition without the need for additional
additives.
 Drilling Fluid Additives

• There are many drilling fluid additives which are used to develop the key properties of the mud.
• The variety of fluid additives reflect the complexity of mud system currently in use
• The most common types of additives used in water-based and oil-based muds are:
1) Lost circulation control materials
2) Lubricating materials
3) Filtration control materials
4) Viscosifiers
5) Alkalinity and PH control materials
6) Weighting materials
Weighting materials

• Weighting materials or densifier are solid materials which when suspended or dissolved in water
will increase the mud weight.

• Most weighting materials are insoluble and require viscosifiers to enable them to be suspended in
a fluid.

• Clays is the most common viscosifier.

• The specific gravity of the material controls how much solids material is required to produce a
certain mud weight.
Most commonly used weighting materials

• Barite
• Iron Minerals: Iron Oxides, Iron Carbonate, IIlmenite
• Calcium Carbonates: Dolomite
• Lead Sulphides
• Soluble Salts: Potassium Chloride [KCl], Sodium Chloride [NaCl], Sodium
Formate[NaHCo2],Calcium Chloride[CaCl2], Potassium Formate [KHCo2] , Calcium
Bromide[CaBr2], Caesium Formate, Zinc Bromide[ZnBr2]
Viscosifiers:

• The ability of drilling mud to suspend drill cuttings and weighting materials depends entirely on
its viscosity.
• Without viscosity , all the weighting material and drill cuttings would settle to the bottom of the
hole as soon as soon as circulation is stopped.
• One can think of viscosity as a structure built within the water or oil phase which suspends solid
material.
• In practice, there are many solids which can be used to increase the viscosity of water or oil.
• The effects of increased viscosity can be felt by the increased resistance to fluid flow ; in drilling
this would manifest itself by increased pressure losses in the circulating system.
 Viscosifers

• Clays:
 Bentonite , Attapulgite, Organophilic clays

• Polymers:
Starches, Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC),Polyanionic
Cellulose, Hydroxyethyl Cellulose
Lubricating materials

• Lubricating materials are used mainly to reduced friction between wellbore and drillstring.

• This will in turn reduce torque and drag which is essential in highly deviated and horizontal wells.

• Lubricating materials include: oil, surfactants, graphite, asphalt, polymer and glass beads.
Reference

• Hawker, D, 2001,Drilling Fluid Hydraulics

• Skalle,p,2010, Drilling Fluid Engineering,Bookboon

• Fink,J,2011.Petroleum engineer’s guide to oil field chemicals and fluids

• Devereux,s,1999.Drilling Technology : In nanotechnical Language, Pennwell Books.

• Max R Annis ,M.V.S,1996.Drilling Fluid Technology Exxon Manual.

THANK YOU