Enterobacteriaceae

Pantyo Valerij, PhD

Department of microbiology, virology,
epidemiology with course of infectious
diseases
 Objectives
• Classification and general characteristic of the
family Enterobacteriaceae;
• Escherichia;
• Shigella;
• Salmonella.
Endotoxic shock
 General characteristic
• The Enterobacteriaceae are a large, heterogeneous
group of gram-negative rods whose natural habitat is
the intestinal tract of humans and animals;
• All members are small (the average is 1 µm by 2–3
µm) non-spore-forming rods;
• The bacteria in this group grow best in the presence of
air, but they are facultative and can ferment
carbohydrates by an anaerobic pathway;
• Gram-negative enterics (along with Pseudomonas and
Acinetobacter) account for more than 30% of all
isolates in nosocomial infections.
E. coli
Morphology and culture properties
Antigenic structure
Pathogenicity
ETEC
 Test 1
• Stool culture test revealed in a 6-month-old bottle-
fed baby the strain of intestinal rod-shaped bacteria
of antigen structure 0-111. What diagnosis can be
made?
A. Colienteritis
B. Gastroenteritis
C. Choleriform disease
D. Food poisoning
E. Dysentery-like disease
 Other clinical manifestations
• Urinary tract infections - E coli is the most
common cause of urinary tract infection and
accounts for approximately 90% of first urinary
tract infections in young women;
• Sepsis—when normal host defenses are
inadequate, E coli may reach the bloodstream
and cause sepsis;
• Meningitis—E coli and group B streptococci are
the leading causes of meningitis in infants.
 Control and treatment
• Control of E. coli rests on preventing the entry
of the bacterium into the food chain and water
supply.
• Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance is
of primary importance in treatment.
• Extraintestinal diseases require antibiotic
treatment
 Test 2
Heat-labile toxin of ETEC acts by which of the
following mechanisms?

A. Attachment and effacement

B. Activation of adenylat cyclase
C. Aggregative adherence
D. Ribosomal dysfunction
E. None of the above
 Shigella
• S. dysenteriae; S. flexnery, S. sonnei,
S. boydii.
• Shigella causes a common but often
incapacitating dysentery called shigellosis,
which is marked by crippling abdominal
cramps and frequent defecation of watery stool
filled with mucus and blood.
 Pathogenesis
• Shigella infections are almost always limited
to the gastrointestinal tract; bloodstream
invasion is quite rare.
• The infective dose is on the order of 1000
organisms.
• Microabscesses in the wall of the large
intestine and terminal ileum lead to necrosis of
the mucous membrane.
 Diagnostic Laboratory Tests
• Specimen: fresh stool, mucus flecks, and rectal
swabs for culture;
• Culture: the materials are streaked on
differential media (eg, MacConkey or EMB
agar) and on selective media (Hektoen enteric
agar or Salmonella–Shigella agar);
• Serology: normal persons often have
agglutinins against several Shigella species.
 Test 3
• The infectious diseases department of a hospital admitted
a patient with nausea, liquid stool with mucus and blood
streaks, fever, weakness. Dysentery was suspected. What
method of laboratory diagnostics should be applied to
confirm the diagnosis?
A. Bacteriological
B. Serological
C. Mycological
D. Microscopic
E. Protozoological
Typhoid Fever and Other Salmonelloses
Classification
Antigenic structure
Clinical Diseases Induced by Salmonellae
Epidemiology
 Test 4
• A patient with complaints of 3-day-long fever, general
weakness, loss of appetite came to visit the
infectionist. The doctor suspected enteric fever. Which
method of laboratory diagnosis is the best to confirm
the diagnosis?
A Detachment of feces culture
B Detachment of myeloculture
C Detachment of blood culture
D Detachment of urine culture
E Detachment of pure culture
 Test 5
• A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated
with Levomycetin, the next day his condition
became worse, temperature rised to 39,60С. What
caused worthening?
A Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
B Allergic reaction
C The effect of endotoxin agent
D Secondary infection addition
E Reinfection
Microbiology – one love