HYPERTHERMIA

P E N Y E B A B   H Y P E RT H E R M I A

• Dehydration
• Terpapar udara yang sangat panas (Gurun)
• Sakit Berat atau trauma
• Tidak mampu berkeringat
• Meningkatnya laju metabolisme
• Pengobatan
• Aktifitas yang berlebihan
TA N D A & G E J A L A H Y P E RT H E R M I A

• Suhu tubuh meningkat diatas Normal

• Kulit memerah (kulit terang)
• Peningkatan Nadi
• Peningkatan frekuensi pernapasan
• Hilangnya nafsu makan
• Kelemahan
• Kejang
GOALS AND OUTCOMES

• Suhu tubuh pasien di bawah 39° C

• Tekanan darah dan Nadi pasien dalam batas normal.
NURSING ASSESSMENT
Assessment Rationales
Determination and management of the underlying cause
Kaji factor pencetus.
are necessary to recovery.
HR and BP increase as hyperthermia progresses.
Monitor N, TD, & Suhu Tubuh (telinga &
Tympanic or rectal temperature gives a more accurate
rektal).
indication of core temperature.
Extremes of age or weight increase the risk for the
Kaji Usia & Berat Badan.
inability to control body temperature.
Fluid resuscitation may be required to correct
Monitor intake & output cairan. Jika pasien dehydration. The patient who is significantly dehydrated
tidak sadar, ukur CVP. is no longer able to sweat, which is necessary for
evaporative cooling.
Sodium losses occur with profuse sweating and
Kaji nilai lab Natrium darah
accidental hyperthermia.
 NURSING INTERVENTIONS

Interventions Rationales
Berikan lingkungan yang mendukung Room temperature may be accustomed to near normal body
seperti suhu ruangan dan alat tenun yang temperature and blankets and linens may be adjusted as indicated
sejuk. to regulate temperature of the patient.
Singkirkan selimut ataupun baju yang Exposing skin to room air decreases warmth and increases
berlapis2. evaporative cooling.
Antipyretic medications lower body temperature by blocking the
Berikan obat penurun panas sesuai dokter.
synthesis of prostaglandins that act in the hypothalamus.
Siapkan oksigen jika diperlukan. Hyperthermia increases the metabolic demand for oxygen.
Berikan obat chlorpromazine (Thorazine) &
Shivering increases the metabolic rate and body temperature.
diazepam (Valium) jika pasien menggigil.
If the patient is dehydrated or diaphoretic, fluid loss contributes
Anjurkan pasien banyak minum.
to fever.
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Provide additional cooling mechanisms commensurate with the significance of temperature elevation and
related manifestations:
Interventions Rationales
•Noninvasive: tempat tidur yang bisa
These measures help promote cooling and lower core
dingin, kompres dingin yang diletakkan di
temperature.
ketiak dan vena besar lain
•Evaporative cooling: tepid bath (basahi
Alcohol cools the skin too rapidly, causing shivering.
tubuh); jangan pakai alcohol
•Invasive: bilas gastric, bilas peritoneal, These invasive procedures are used to quickly lower core
cardiopulmonary bypass in an emergency temperature. These patients require cardiopulmonary monitoring.
Cooling too quickly may cause shivering, which increases the
Modifikasi pendinginan berdasarkan respon
use of energy calories and increases the metabolic rate to produce
pasien.
heat.
This is to ensure patient’s safety even without the presence of
Raise the side rails at all times.
seizure activity.
Intravenous normal saline solution replenishes fluid losses during
Berikan infus cairan fisiologis.
shivering chills.
 NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Interventions
Berikan diet TKTP.
Ajarkan pasien & keluarga tanda dan gejala
hipertermi dan ajarkan factor yg
menyebabkan hipertermia; diskusikan
pentingnya meningkatkan minum.
Discuss the significance of informing future
health care providers of the malignant
hyperthermia risk; recommend a medical
alert bracelet or similar identification.
Rationales
Appropriate diet is necessary to meet the metabolic demand of
the patient.
Providing health teachings to the patient and family aids in
coping with disease condition and could help prevent further
complications of hyperthermia.
Alternative anesthetic drugs or methods can be used for these
patients.