Group Theory

Abelian Groups
Group Theory

Let F 
or .
Group Theory

Let F 
or .

Let [aijbe
] a matrix
over F all
i.e.
aij  F
Group Theory

Let F 
or .

Let [aijbe
] a matrix
over F all
i.e.
aij  F

Let GL(n, Fdenotes

)
the set of all nn
invertible matrices
over . F
Group Theory

In general set of all

n  n matrices is not
a group under matrix
multiplication.
Group Theory

In general set of all

n  n matrices is not
a group under matrix
multiplication.

But GL(n, Fis) a group

under matrix
multiplication.
 Group Theory

Axioms
Let G  GL(n, F. )
 Group Theory

Axioms
Let G  GL(n, F. )
Closure: For all A, B  G
, AB  G
.
 Group Theory

Axioms
Let G  GL(n, F. )
Closure: For all A, B  G , AB  G .
Associative property also holds in .G
 Group Theory

Axioms
Let G  GL(n, F. )
Closure: For all A, B  G , AB  G.
Associative property also holds in .G
 Iisn the identity matrix.
 Group Theory

Axioms
Let G  GL(n, F. )
Closure: For all A, B  G , AB  G.
Associative property also holds in .G
 Iisn the identity matrix.
Since both Aand A1
are invertible so inverse exists.
 Group Theory

Example
Let G  GL(2, and
) A, B  Gsuch that
 1 1 0 1
A , B   
0 2  1 0
 Group Theory

Example
Let G  GL(2, and
) A, B  Gsuch that
 1 1 0 1
A , B   
0 2  1 0
then
 1 1 0 1   1 1 
AB     
 0 2  1 0   2 0 
 Group Theory

Example
Let G  GL(2, and
) A, B  Gsuch that
 1 1 0 1
A , B   
0 2  1 0
then
 1 1 0 1   1 1 
AB     
 0 2  1 0   2 0 
 0 1   1 1  0 2 
BA     
 1 0   0 2   1 1
Group Theory

Definition
Let G, be a group. If
for all a, b  G ,
a b  b  a
We call G an abelian
group.
Group Theory

Definition
Let G, be a group. If
for all a, b  G ,
a b  b  a
We call G an abelian
group.
 Examples
n, 
Group Theory

Definition
Let G, be a group. If
for all a, b  G ,
a b  b  a
We call G an abelian
group.
 Examples
n, 

  {0},.
Group Theory

Examples

, 
Group Theory

Examples

, 

, 
Group Theory

Examples

, 

, 

  {0},.
Group Theory

Examples

, 

, 

  {0},.

  {0},.
Group Theory

Examples

GL(n, )
Group Theory

Examples

GL(n, )
 1 1
A 
0 2 
Group Theory

Examples

GL(n, )
 1 1
A 
0 2 

11  2 1
A   
2  0 1
Group Theory

Examples

GL(n, )
 1 1
A 
0 2 

11  2 1
A   
2  0 1

GL(n, )