Group 4

Presentation 😊
Group

Lorrea Ann Villasanta Tarronas

Princess Hervy Talento
Roselhyn Alcera Sese
Carla Mae Capiña
Mark Niño Capanzana
 Sexual Aspect of Self

 Talking about sex should be deemed normal for there is a

need for people to learn more about their sexuality. Academic
institutions are the best space to educate people about
sexuality and sexual behaviors under the topic sex education.
The goal of including sex education in the secondary level
curriculum is to battle ignorance of the youth of sex,
sexuality, relationships, and sexual health and thus help them
make informed decisions us they grow into sexually healthy
adults.
 Although sex education was opposed by the
Catholic Church in the philippines claiming that it
will promote premarital sex which could lead to
early pregnancies, this topic is necessary for
understanding sex in different context. Education
has been regarded as the key to combat ignorance.
Conservatism anchored on religious belief may
hinder full understanding of one’s sexual well-
being.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
and the human reproductive system
During adolescence, boys and girls develop their secondary sex characteristic along with other physical changes they
experience in this stage.

In the stages of human growth and development, an individual becomes physically mature upon reaching the stage of
Puberty .

Physical changes during adolescence are brought about sex hormones from the testes and ovaries of males and
females.

Testosterone is the sex hormone for male and Estrogen and Progesterone are for females..

Usually the increase in Testosterone takes place at the age of 12 to 14 years for males. While the increase in esrtogen
takes place at the age of 10 to 12 years for females

Rapid growth and changes happen at the age of 16 to 17 years in males and 15 to 17 years for famales

For males ,physical changes include rapid increase in height and weight,growth,of Adam’s apple ,deepening of voice
widening of shoulders ,appearance and growth of public hair,and underarm and facial hair,among others

For females ,changes include rapid increase in height and weight ,onset of menstruation ,development of breasts and
hips,among others

Males develop more slowly in terms of physical growth and physiological changes but continue to grow for about six
years.
 Development during puberty follows a predictable sequence,but every individual experiences changes at his or
her own pace for growth and development are influenced by heredity,environment ,and lifestyle.
Male Reproductive System

 The male reproductive system is

composed of the penis, testes, vas
deferans, scrotum, sperm, prostrate
gland, and epididymis. The main
function of the system is the production
of sperm for the fertilization of the
ovum.
1. Penis- the primary male sex organ. It has a long shaft and an enlarged tip called the glans
penis.
 2. Testes or testicles – the organ responsible for the production of sperm cells and
testosterone, the male sex hormone. The testes or testicles lie outside the abdominal cavity
of the male within the scrotum.
 3. Vas deferens – The tube that connects the testes with the urethra. It serves as a
passageway of the sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts for ejaculation.
 4. Scrotum – The sac of skin that carries the testes and is responsible for maintaining body
temperature a few degrees below the normal body temperature.
 5. Sperm – The male sex cell . It is produced in the testes matures in the epididymis and
passes from the vas deferens to the urethra. The sperm is released out of the male
reproductive system through the semen, the fluid that carries the sperm along with a range
of organic and Inorganic constituents.
 6. Prostate gland – A gland that surrounds the upper part the urethra just below the bladder.
It secretes fluids that nourish and protect the sperm.
 7. Epididymis – Long-coiled tube located at the back of the testicles that stores and carries
sperm.
Female Reproductive System
 The female reproductive system is composed
of the ovary, ovum, fallopian tubes, uterus,
servix vigina, and vulva. The main function
of the female reproductive system is the
production, transportation, and fertilization of
eggs and the product of sex hormonse.
OVARY – The female reproductive organ located in pelvic cavity which produces
ova (Eggcells) and secretes the female hormones, progesterone and estrogen egg.
OVUM – The female reproductive cell also called the eggcell. Once matured, It
unites with a male sperm to form a fertilized egg.
FALLOPIAN TUBES OR OVIDUCTS – Extend from the uterus to the ovaries. The
primary function of the tubes is to carry the egg from the ovary to uterus.
UTERUS – The thick-walled, pear sized and shaped mascular organ that lies above
the urinary bladder. It nurtures the fertilized ovum that develops into the fetus and it
carrues the baby until its birth.
CERVIX – The lower part of the uterus. It durect the sperm into the uterus during
sexual intercourse.
VAGINA – The elastic passage way from the cervix to the outside of the female
body. It receives the penis during sexual intercourse and it is where the baby passes
during childbirth.
 VULVA – The genital organ of the female. It consist the labia majora, labia minor,
mons pubic, clitoris, vestubles, and the vaginal opening.
Erogenous Zones

 An erogenous zone is a part of the body that is highly

sensitive and the stimulation of which leads to sexual
responses such as relaxation, fantasies, arousal, and
orgasm. The stimulation of an individual’s erogenous zone
is considered an act of physical intirmacy. These zones
differ between the male and female bodies ( see Table 2.)
Table 2 Erogenous Zones

 Male Body  Female Body

 Mouth  Mouth
 Lips  Lips
 Neck  Neck
 Ears
 Ears

 Nipples
 Breasts
 Nipples
 Scrotum
1. Cervix (lower end of the uterus)
1. Perineum ( the area between the anus and
scrotum) 2. Vagina
2. Penis 3. Clitoris
 Knowing these zones or “hot spots” is important
for every couple as it would boost sexual
satisfaction. In addition, knowing these zones will
also improve sexual health. Research shows that
stimulating these spots may produce different
reactions to the body such as relaxation of the
muscle and the production of the “feel-good”
hormone called prolactin.
 Human Sexually Responses
 Sexual response cycle is the term used to describe the changes that occur in the
body as men and women become sexually aroused ( Master & Johnson, 1966).
The cycle is divided into four phases, namely excitement, plateau, orgasm, and
resolution.
1. Excitement – This is when the body gets ready for sexual activity. In this phase,
may experience an increase in heart rate, muscle tension, increase in breathing,
erection of penis and nipples, tightening of scrotum, and release of pre-
ejaculation fluid. For females, they may experience the swelling of the clitoris
and release of lubricating fluid.
2. Plateau – During this phase, intensified breathing, high blood pressure, and
faster heart rate may be experienced as well as muscle contraction in the face,
feet, and hands. For males, testicles are withdraw up into the scotum. For
females, continued swelling of the vagina is experienced and the clitoris
becomes very sensitive.
3. Orgams – This is also referred to as the climax of the cycle. During
this phase, breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate are further
intensified. Contraction of the muscles of the face, feet, and hands
continues. One or both are breathing heavily and there is irrepressible
and powerful release of sexual tension. For males, release of the semen
occurs. For females, muscle contraction of the vagina is experienced.

4. Resolution – The body gradually returns to its normal level of

functioning. Some parts of the body return to their original size and
color. It is also during this phase that fatigue begin to be felt but the
overall sexual activity is also expected to bring a sense of bilogical
fulfiiment.
 Lust, Attraction, Attachment: Biology and Evolution of the Three
Primary Emotion Systems for Mating, Reproduction, and Parenting
Helen Fisher
 Humans and other mammals have evolved three primary emotion systems for mating,
reproduction, and parenting: the sex drive, or lust, characterized by the craving for sexual
gratification; attraction, characterized by increased energy and focused attention on one or
more potential mates, accompanied in humans by exhilaration, intrusive thinking, and
craving for emotional union; and attachment, characterized by close social contact and
feelings of calm, comfort, and emotional union. Each emotion system is associated with a
discrete constellation of brain circuits, and each evolved to direct a specific aspect of
mating and reproduction. The psychophysiological properties of romantic attraction
suggest that this emotion system is associated with increased levels of dopamine and
norepinephrine and decreased levels of serotonin in the brain; a study using functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is in progress to investigate the neural architecture of
this primary emotion system. During the course of hominid evolution these three emotion
systems became increasingly independent of one another, contributing to modern patterns
of marriage, adultery, and divorce as well as to the worldwide incidence of stalking,
homicide, suicide, and clinical depression associated with rejection in love.
Helen Fisher

 According to anthropology professor Helen Fisher, there

are three stages of falling in love. In each stage, a different
set of brain chemicals run the show. These stages are lust,
attraction, and love.
LUST(libodo or sex drived)

 Is characterized by the desire For sexual

gratification Which is inherent To every living
organism. For humans, This is associated with yhe
sex hormonse. Testosterone(for males) and
estrogen(for females).
Atrraction (passionate or Obsessive love,
infatuation)
Is Characterized by the intense attention given vy the
desire partner. An individual With a high degree of
attraction Towards another person craves for
emotional union With that person.
 This stage is driven by Chemicals and hormones
Like Adeline, Dopamine and Serotonin.
ADELINE – Is released by the for “fight” or “fight”. For
instance, often surprisingly meeting one’s object of affection.
This hormone will activated one’s: Sweating and of drying
of mouth.
DOPAMINE – Ignites an intense rush of pleasure When
release. High level of neurotransmitter like dopamine causes
increased energy, less need for food and sleep, and focused
attention to ones desire partner.
 SEROTONIN – is attributed to “ falling in love” as this
hormone makes a person think of his or her desire partner
at most times.
Attachment ( CompanioNate Love)

 Is characterized by the desire of couple to stay

togethere. Aperson who is already attached feels
comfort and security From his or her partner. This
phase also includes behavior anchored on long
term companionship. This stage is driven By two
major hormones, Namely exytocin and
Vasopressin.
 What we can do?
Understanding the science of lust, attraction, and attachment can help you develop
more realistic expectations of your relationships. Below are some tools to guide you
through the stages of love:
Don’t mistake lust for love. Give a new relationship time before you start dreaming
of a future together.
Keep the dopamine flowing in a long-term relationship. You can do this by having
date nights, taking lessons, or going on trips in which you do novel and exciting
things together. Perhaps you go hiking in Costa Rica, climb a rock climbing wall, or
go and see a thrilling movie.
Keep the oxytocin flowing with sex and intimacy. Write cards and notes, hug and
kiss, think of your partner when she’s not around, share your hopes and dreams, and
support those of your partner.
 Maintain some independence. If you’re the jealous, controlling type, start
developing your own activities and friendships that make you feel important and
cared about.
What Turns People On and OFF

A “turn on” refers to something that someone

may find desirable ,pleasant, beautiful ,likeable
or any other positive quality.
 A “turn off”, on the other hand, is the
complete opposite.
Turn ons and Turn offs usually refers to
another person’s physical traits, attributes,
attitudes , and conduct that one may find
desirable or not .
 A person may turned on if he or she
finds a particular quality of another
person desirable; otherwise , he or she
may be turned off.
For teens, turn on and turn off may focus on the physical attributes and
personal qualities of someone from opposite sex.
 A teenage girl, for instance , may find a boy’s charming smile as a
turn on while bad posture may be turn off.
 A teenage boy, on the other hand, may find a girl’s dimples a turn on
while tattoos may be a big turn off.
 For young adults and mature adults , turn ons and turn offs may be
associated with sexual activities. Sexual stimulation is often a turn
on for it is part of any sexual activity.
 Turn ons may also be the sexual acts that one finds desirable and
pleasurable and Turn offs maybe those acts that are disagreeable.
 Turn ons and offs also signal sexual response during sexual
activities.
The Diversity of Sexual Behavior: Solitary,
Hetero sexual, homosexual, bisexual, transexual

Gender and sexual diversity (GSD), or simply

sexual diversity, refers to all the diversities of
sex characteristics, sexual orientations and
gender identities, without the need to specify
each of the identities, behaviors, or
characteristics that form this plurality.
Masturbation - This is a sexual act stimulating one’s own genital done alone by an
individual. Both men and women masturbate although some studies say that men do
the act more often that women do.
 Premarital sex - This refers to the sexual activities people engage in outside of
marriage. For certain religions, This is considered unacceptable for there is belief
that it is only through marriage that man and woman could partake in sexual
activities.
 Marital sex - These are the sexual activities that happen within the bounds of
marriage. Sexual activities within marriage are acceptable marriage is perceived
to be a legal and symbolic binding of two people who agree to only be with each
other.
 Extramarital sex - these are sexual activities that married people engage in people
they are not married to. Extramarital sex happens among people engaged in
extramarital affairs. This is considered unlawful and unacceptable in for it is a
practice of infidelity.
Homosexuality – is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual
behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual
orientation, homosexuality is “an enduring pattern of emotional,
romantic, and/or sexual attractions” to people of the same sex.
Bisexuality - is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual
behavior toward both males and females, or to more than one sex or
gender. It may also be defined as romantic or sexual attraction to
people of any sex or gender identity.
 Transsexual people experience a gender identity that is inconsistent
with their assigned sex and desire to permanently transition to the
sex …
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
What does
STD
stand for?
Sexual Transmitted Diseases ( STDs)

 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) refer to

health conditions that are passed on from a
person to another through sexual contact.
STDs can be contracted through having
unprotected sex with someone who has STD.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
 A spectrum of conditions caused by being infected
with HIV. HIV is primarily transmitted through
unprotected sex, contaminated needle exchange and
blood transfusion, and during pregnancy. AIDS
refers to the occurrence of specific diseases due to
the contraction of HIV.

How is HIV/AIDS spread?

The virus is spread through bodily fluids
Decrease risk with condom use
There is no cure for HIV infection
 Once infected, you have HIV for life
Prevention

Use treatment as prevention

Use a new condom every time you have sex
 Tell your sexual partners if you have HIV.
 Use a clean needle
 If you’re pregnancy, get medical care right away.
 Consider male circumcision.
Gonorrhea

 A bacterial infection of the mucous membranes including the eye, throat, genitals,
and other organs. Usual symptoms in men include secretion of yellowish-white
fluid from the penis and painful urination. For women, they may experience
painful urination with discharge, accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, and
pelvic inflammatory diseases.

 Prevention
1. Abstain from sexual intercourse
2. Always use a condom during vaginal, oral, or anal sexual intercourse
3. Have a sexually monogamous partner who doesn’t have the infection
Remember gonorrhea is CURABLE
Syphilis

 An infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacterium called

Treponema Pallidum that is transmitted through direct
contact with syphilitic sore on the skin. It causes sores on
the vagina, anus, rectum, even on the lips and mouth.
Syphilis is transmitted not only through sexual activity but
also by merely kissing an infected person. Syphilis may
lead to paralysis, crippling, blindness, heart diseases, brain
and organ damage, dementia, and even death.
Prevention

There is no vaccine for syphilis. To help prevent the spread of syphilis,

follow these suggestions:
Abstain or be monogamous. The only certain way to avoid syphilis is
to not have (abstain from) sex. The next-best option is to have
mutually monogamous sex in which both people have sex only with
each other and neither partner is infected.
Use a latex condom. Condoms can reduce your risk of contracting
syphilis, but only if the condom covers the syphilis sores.
 Avoid recreational drugs. Misuse of alcohol or other drugs can
inhibit your judgment and lead to unsafe sexual practices.
Remember syphilis is CURABLE!
Genital herpes
 Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus ( HSV)
 Spread through skin to skin contact and oral, anal and vaginal sex
 Some people with herpes never develop sores, but are still contagious and may
spread it to others without knowing
 People who have an initial outbreak can have more outbreas throughout the rest
of their life

Remember herpes is not CURABLE. It is TREATABLE!

Genital warts
 Are warts caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) that
grows in the genital or anal area.
 Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
 Very contagious virus
 Some people never get symptoms
1. HPV is spread through skin to skin contact, oral, anal and
vaginal sex with an infected partner.
2. Some types cause genital warts and other types can cause
cancer of the cervix
Treatment
Treatments remove the warts but does not remove the virus from the
blood
Most warts will dear over time
 There is no cure for HPV
Chancroid
 Is a bacterial infection that causes sores or ulcers on the genitals. Chancroid sores
usually appear at the head of the penis for men and on the labia majora for
women.
 Additional symptoms in men and women
 The following symptoms can occur in both men and women:
 The ulcers can vary in size and are usually anywhere from 1/8 to 2 inches across.
 The ulcers have a soft center that’s gray to yellowish-gray with defined, or sharp,
edges.
 The ulcers may bleed easily if touched.
 Pain may occur during sexual intercourse or while urinating.
 Swelling in the groin, which is where the lower abdomen and thigh meet, may
occur.
1. Swollen lymph nodes can break through the skin and lead to large abscesses, or
collections of pus, that drain.
 Treating chancroid
1. Chancroid may be successfully treated with medication or surgery.
 Medication
1. Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria that are
causing your ulcers. Antibiotics may also help decrease the chance
of scarring as the ulcer heals.
 Surgery
1. Your doctor may drain a large and painful abscess in your lymph
nodes with a needle or through surgery. This reduces swelling and
pain as the sore heals but might cause some light scarring at the site.
Female

Male
Pubic Lice (crabs)

 Are very small parasites that infest the genital area with are
primarily spread through sexual contact. The parasites are attached
to the pubic hair and may even be transmitted with contaminated
clothes, bedding, and other items.
 Prevention
1. To prevent pubic lice infestation, avoid having sexual contact or
sharing bedding or clothing with anyone who has an infestation. If
you are being treated for pubic lice, all sexual partners must also be
treated.
Scabies
 Is a skin conditions that is coused by infestation of tiny
mites called Sarcoptes scabiei.
 Symptoms of mite invasion include itching and rashes.
 Similar to others mites, they lay and hatch egg in human
skin.
 It is usually transmitted through sexual intercourse and
body contact.
 These mites cannot jump or fly but sharing of clothes and
other washable items may also lead to their transmission.
Prevention
 Avoid sharing towels and clothing that have not been washed.
 When trying on bathing suits or underwear in the store always wear
something underneath.
 Trichomoniasis
 An infection caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Men infected
with trichomoniasis may experience itching, genital irritation with discharge, and
painful urination and ejaculation. Women infected with trichomoniasis may also
feel itching, genital soreness and irritation, painful urination with unusual
discharge that can be yellowish or greenish in color.
 Trichomoniasis is spread through:
 Vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Trichomoniasis can be spread even if there are no
symptoms. This means you can get trichomoniasis from someone who has no
signs or symptoms.
1. Genital touching. A man does not need to ejaculate (come) for trichomoniasis to
spread. Trichomoniasis can also be passed between women who have sex with
women.
The best way to prevent trichomoniasis or any STI is to not have vaginal, oral,
or anal sex.
 If you do have sex, lower your risk of getting an STI with the following
steps:
 Use condoms. Condoms are the best way to prevent STIs when you have
sex. Because a man does not need to ejaculate (come) to give or get
trichomoniasis, make sure to put the condom on before the penis touches the
vagina, mouth, or anus. Other methods of birth control, like birth control
pills, shots, implants, or diaphragms, will not protect you from STIs.
 Get tested. Be sure you and your partner are tested for STIs. Talk to each
other about the test results before you have sex.
1. Be monogamous. Having sex with just one partner can lower your risk for
STIs. After being tested for STIs, be faithful to each other. That means that
you have sex only with each other and no one else.
4. Limit your number of sex partners. Your risk of getting
STIs goes up with the number of partners you have.
5. Do not douche. Douching removes some of the normal
bacteria in the vagina that protects you from infection. This
may increase your risk of getting STIs.
6. Do not abuse alcohol or drugs. Drinking too much alcohol
or using drugs increases risky behavior and may put you at
risk of sexual assault and possible exposure to STIs.
Molluscum contagiosum

 Another sexually transmitted

infection caused by molluscum
contagiosum virus. It is a skin
condition characterized by small
lumps (molluscum) which are
pearly-white or slightly pink. These
lumps, when squeezed, release a
white cheesy fluid. The virus can be
transmitted also through skin to skin
contact and through sharing of
clothes and other personal things.
Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases (PID)
 It is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI) but a complication
resulting from STIs especially Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Women
infected with PID experience inflammation of the uterus, ovaries,
and fallopian tubes. The diseases is caused by bacteria, fungi, or
parasites.
How can I prevent PID
You may not be able to prevent PID. It is not always caused by an STI. Sometimes, normal
bacteria in your vagina can travel up to your reproductive organs and cause PID.
But, you can lower your risk of PID by not douching. You can also prevent STIs by not having
vaginal, oral, or anal sex.
 If you do have sex, lower your risk of getting an STI with the following steps:
 Use condoms. Condoms are the best way to prevent STIs when you have sex. Because a
man does not need to ejaculate (come) to give or get STIs, make sure to put the condom on
before the penis touches the vagina, mouth, or anus. Other methods of birth control, like
birth control pills, shots, implants, or diaphragms, will not protect you from STIs.
 Get tested. Be sure you and your partner are tested for STIs. Talk to each other about the
test results before you have sex.
1. Be monogamous. Having sex with just one partner can lower your risk for STIs. After
being tested for STIs, be faithful to each other. That means that you have sex only with
each other and no one else.
Limit your number of sex partners. Your risk of getting STIs goes up
with the number of partners you have.
Do not douche. Douching removes some of the normal bacteria in the
vagina that protect you from infection. Douching may also raise your
risk for PID by helping bacteria travel to other areas, like your uterus,
ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
Do not abuse alcohol or drugs. Drinking too much alcohol or using
drugs increases risky behavior and may put you at risk of sexual
assault and possible exposure to STIs.
 The steps work best when used together. No single step can protect
you from every single type of STI
Chlamydia

 A sexually transmitted infection caused

by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis
that do significant damage to the human
reproductive system. Chlamydia can
infect the penis, vagina, cervix, anus,
urethra, eyes, and throat. Females
infected with Chlamydia suffer vaginal
discharge with strong smell, difficulty in
urinating, and pain during sexual
intercourse. Males infected with
chlamydia experience discharge from the
penis, difficulty in urinating, and
swelling in the testicles.
 Chlamydia is spread through:
 Vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Chlamydia can be spread
even if there are no symptoms. This means you can
get chlamydia from someone who has no
symptoms.
 Genital touching. A man does not need to ejaculate
(come) for chlamydia to spread. Chlamydia can
also be passed between women who have sex with
women.
1. Childbirth from a mother to her baby
Chlamydia is known as a “silent” infection, because most women who
have chlamydia do not have symptoms. If you do have symptoms, you
may not notice them until several weeks after you get chlamydia.
 Symptoms may include:
 Bleeding between periods
 Burning when urinating
 Fever
 Low back pain
 Lower abdominal pain
 Nausea
 Pain during sex
1. Unusual vaginal discharge
How is chlamydia diagnosed?
 There are two ways that a doctor or nurse tests for
chlamydia:
 A urine test. This is the most common. You urinate
(pee) into a cup. Your urine is then tested for
chlamydia.
1. A swab test. Your doctor uses a cotton swab to
take a fluid sample from an infected place
(vagina, cervix, rectum, or throat). The fluid is
then tested for chlamydia.
How to prevent Chlamydia
The best way to prevent chlamydia or any STI is to not have vaginal, oral, or anal sex.
 If you do have sex, lower your risk of getting an STI with the following steps:
 Use condoms. Condoms are the best way to prevent STIs when you have sex. Because
a man does not need to ejaculate (come) to give or get chlamydia, make sure to put the
condom on before the penis touches the vagina, mouth, or anus. Other methods of birth
control, like birth control pills, shots, implants, or diaphragms, will not protect you
from STIs.
 Get tested. Be sure you and your partner are tested for STIs. Talk to each other about
the test results before you have sex.
1. Be monogamous. Having sex with just one partner can lower your risk for STIs. After
being tested for STIs, be faithful to each other. That means that you have sex only with
each other and no one else.
Limit your number of sex partners. Your risk of getting STIs
goes up with the number of partners you have.
Do not douche. Douching removes some of the normal
bacteria in the vagina that protects you from infection. This
may increase your risk of getting STIs.4
 Do not abuse alcohol or drugs. Drinking too much alcohol
or using drugs increases risky behavior and may put you at
risk of sexual assault and possible exposure to STIs.
Methods of Contraception : And its
importance
 Contraception (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with normal
process of ovulation , fertilization and implantation.
; methods used to control the number and timing of pregnancies (family
planning).

 Other methods include permanent contraception (intended to avoid pregnancy

permanent)
and abortion (used to end an unintended pregnancy when contraception has failed
or not been used).
 Contraception allows them to put off having children until their bodies are fully
able to support a pregnancy . It can also prevent pregnancy for older woman who
face pregnancy-related risks. It use to reduces the need for abortion by preventing
unwanted pregnancies.
 Since there is no perfect methods of contraception,
one must take into consideration the following
factors in choosing a particular method of
contraception:
 It should be safe enough. There should be no
unwanted side-effect for every individual using the
contraceptive.
 It should be efficient in every averting unwanted
pregnancy.
 It should be simple and easy to use.
1.It should be available at any time.
Some of the recognized methods in family
planning are:
 Folk Method 1. b.Prolonged Lactation- This
technique used by women done
1. a. Postcoital Douche or Douching- a
through breast feeding their baby for
method used by women to flush out
a longer period. Prolonged
the vagina with a medical solution to
Lactation, according to doctors,
remove or destroy sperm.
helps delay ovulation.
 Behavioral Contraceptives
 A. Rhythm method- is a natural
method supported by the Catholic
Church. Couple are enjoined to
abstain foe a certain period while the
woman is fertile.
 B. Ovulation method- this
practice makes use of the
observed mucous
discharge from the vagina
at the beginning of a
woman’s fertile period.
 C. Withdrawal or Coitus
interruptus- this is a process
wherein the man , during
sexual intercouse , withdraws
the penis out of th vagina
before orgasm.
 D. Coitus Reservantus –
this is a practice in which
the man withholds
ejaculation and let the
erection subside inside the
vagina.
Mechanical Contraceptives

a. Condoms – is a thin  B. Diaphragm- this is a

material made of rubber shallow rubber cup
used during sexual activity. inserted into the vagina.
 C. Cervical caps – these are fitted over the cervix
by a doctor.
Chemical Contraceptives better known as “spermicides”
used to prevent pregnancy by stopping the sperm from
entering the uterus.
 a. Vaginal Suppositories and tablets-  B. Contraceptive jellies, creams, and
a suppository is a small, bullets- vaginal foams – these are aspplied onto
shaped dosage form containing the vagina shortly before sexual
intercourse.
chemical used in destroying the
sperm cells. It is inserted into the
vagina to melt before sexual
intercourse.
 Intrauterine Devices
1. an intrauterine device (IUD) is
a small device of
polyethylene plastic or thin
copper wire inserted into the
uterus by a physician.
 Pills
1. Taking the pill is completely
dissociated from the sexual
acts. The pill renders the
woman infertile.
 Sterilization
1. Sterilization or surgery is done with
comparative ease and is virtually
100 percent effective. Sterilization
of the male is achieved through
vasectomy and sterilization of the
female is through Tubal ligation.
 Injectable
1. are one of the latest forms of
contraception. This contraceptive is
injected in a woman to inhibit
ovulation. An injection usually lasts
for three months.
Question?
Thankyou 😊