COMPOSITES AND

MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY
• TOPIC:PROCESSING METHODS
• PRESENTED BY…
• SRIKANTH.A
 Matrix Materials

Magnesium
• Lowest density (37% lighter than aluminum)
• Aerospace applications
• Creeps at low temp
• Relatively low strength
• Prone to variety of corrosion problems

Aluminum
• Easy to process, inexpensive
• Density only 35% of Steel
• Can be alloyed to fairly high strengths
• 57% stiffer than Magnesium
• Excellent corrosion resistance
• Most widely used material
 Matrix Materials

Titanium
• Twice as strong as aerospace aluminum
• 65% heavier than aluminum, but 65% stiffer
• Temp & corrosion resistant = use in demanding environments

Copper, Iron, Nickel, Tungsten

• Special use alloys
• Electronic Circuits
• Metal forming dies
• Jet engines
• Military applications
 Reinforcements

Ceramics Other
• Graphite (C)
• Silicon Carbide (SiC)
• Titanium Diboride (TiB2)
• Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)
• Titanium Carbide (TiC)
• Boron Carbide (B4C)

Metal Filaments
• Boron
• Steel
• Tungsten

Choice of matrix and reinforcement depends on:

• Desired properties of composite
• Compatibility between matrix and reinforcement
• MMC Processing route
Rule of Mixtures

X c  X m Vm  X r Vr
Where
X  property  considered
V  volume  fraction
c  composite
m  matrix
r  re inf orcement
 Designation for MMC

Matrix + Reinforcement / Volume % Form

Matrix = metal or alloy designation of matrix

Reinforcement = chemical formula of reinforcement
Volume % = Volume percent without the % sign
Form = Form of the reinforcement
• f, fiber or filament
• c, chopped fiber
• w, whisker
• p, particulate

Example: 6061 + SiC/20w

 Particulate Composite
Short-Fiber Composite

Long-Fiber Composite Laminated Composite

Manufacturing Processes
Welding Handbook, AWS
Processing Methods

Solid State
Semi-solid
Liquid
 Solid State Processing

Bonding of continuous fibers between metal foils to make panels

• Aerospace Applications
• Ti/Sic; Al/B

Laminated Composite
Powder Metallurgy
• Mix particles of matrix with reinforcement
• Vacuum hot press (near solidus)
• Extrude or roll
• Al/B4C; Al/SiC
 Semi-Solid Processing

Spray Deposition

Chilled Plate
………..
MMC Build Up
Flame Spray Matrix

Flame Spray Reinforcement

Rheocasting
• Mix reinforcement into matrix held between solidus and liquidus

x
TEMP

COMP
 Liquid Processing

Infiltration
• Interfacial reactions can be a problem
Applications - From Ukraine

Krivov, Optimization of design-production…,

Welding in the World, Nov-Dec 1994
Applications

Krivov, Optimization of design-production…,

Welding in the World, Nov-Dec 1994