Importance of Water

 Pure water is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.

 Water is of major importance to all living things.
 Up to 60 percent of the human body is Water.
 Therefore the quality of Water we drink is very important.
 The Drinking Water should be totally clean, pure and free
of any disease causing MICROBES, and that’s why it should
be properly Treated and DISINFECTED before using it for
drinking purpose.
“Water is life”
Water Treatment Processes
 Water treatment transforms raw surface and groundwater into safe
drinking water.
 Water treatment involves two major processes: physical removal of solids
and chemical disinfection.
 Disinfection
 Physical: UV radiation, heat, membrane filters
 Chemical: Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, iodine, other antimicrobial
chemicals
 Filtration
 Rapid granular media
 Slow sand and other biological filters
 Membrane filters: micro-, ultra-, nano- and reverse osmosis
 Other physical-chemical removal processes
 Chemical coagulation, precipitation and complexation
 Adsorption: e.g., activated carbon, bone char, etc,
 Ion exchange: synthetic ion exchange resins, zeolites, etc.
Ozonation for Water Treatment
Ozonation is a water treatment process that destroys bacteria and
other microorganisms through an infusion of ozone, a gas produced
by subjecting oxygen molecules to high electrical voltages. .
 This process has been used in drinking water plants since 1906
where the first industrial ozonation plant was built in Nice, France
and is more widely used in Europe and Asia than the United States.
Ozone :
Ozone is a light blue gas at room temperature and has a
characteristic pungent odor.
Ozone is triatomic oxygen with the chemical formula O3.
It was discovered by Christian Friedrich Schonbein in 1840. It
derives its name from the Greek word ozein or ogeiv, “to smell or
smell.”
Ozonation for Water Treatment
Ozone has a greater disinfection effectiveness against bacteria
and viruses compared to chlorination.
  In addition, the oxidizing properties can also reduce the
concentration of iron, manganese, sulfur and reduce or
eliminate taste and odor problems.  Ozone oxides the iron,
manganese, and sulfur in the water to form insoluble metal
oxides or elemental sulfur. 
It will degrade over a time frame ranging from a few seconds
to 30 minutes. The rate of degradation is a function of water
chemistry, pH and water temperature.
Ozonation for Water Treatment
Ozonation Process:
The formation of oxygen into ozone occurs with the use of
energy. This process is carried out by an electric discharge
field as in the CD-type ozone generators (corona discharge
simulation of the lightning), or by ultraviolet radiation as in
UV-type ozone generators (simulation of the ultraviolet rays
from the sun).
In addition to these commercial methods, ozone may also be
made through electrolytic and chemical reactions. 
In general, an ozonation system includes passing dry, clean
air through a high voltage electric discharge, i.e., corona
discharge,  which creates and ozone concentration of
approximately 1% or 10,000 mg/L. 
 In treating small quantities of waste, the UV ozonation
is the most common while large-scale systems use
either corona discharge or other bulk ozone-producing
methods.
 The raw water is then passed through a venturi throat
which creates a vacuum and pulls the ozone gas into
the water or the air is then bubbled up through the
water being treated.  Since the ozone will react with
metals to create insoluble metal oxides, post filtration is
required.
Process of Ozone Formation
 Ozone is created with what is called an Ozone Generator.  Ozone is
generated for commercial uses either by corona discharge or by ultraviolet
radiation.
 By the UV technique, rather low concentrations of ozone (below 0.1 wt %)
are generated, whereas by corona discharge, ozone concentrations in the
range of 1 - 4.5 wt % are produced when dry air is fed to the ozone
generator.
 When concentrated oxygen is used as the feed gas, gas phase ozone
concentrations of up to 14 to 18% (by wt) can be produced on commercial
scale.
 Since ozone is only partially soluble in water, once it has been generated it
now must be contacted with water to be treated in such a manner as to
maximize the transfer of ozone from the gas phase into water.
For this purpose, many types of ozone contactors have
been developed; all of which are effective for their
designed water treatment purposes.
 However, as higher concentration ozone gas is employed,
contacting system design becomes more critical due to the
lower gas to liquid ratios.
Also, the use of oxygen as the feed gas can result in oxygen
super saturation of the treated water causing both
operational problems in following treatment processes
and aesthetic in the distribution system.
Ozone contacting system options include atmospheric tall
tower or pressurized gas to liquid mass transfer processes.
Ozone Generators
5 lb/day Air Cooled Ozone
Generator

500 lb/day Ozone Generator

Water Cooled
Ozonation of Bottled Water
Most Bottled Water
is Ozonated
Improves Shelf Life
Disinfects without Champaign Springs
impacting taste Water Company

Allows for disinfection of

cap and gas space in
bottle
Industrial
Wastewater
Treatment
Reduction of COD/TOC to
meet discharge permits or lower
sewer surcharges
Removal of specific toxic
organics compounds
Removal of color
Reclaim/Reuse of wastewater
Cooling Water Treatment
Ozone is a proven biocide for cooling towers that has
been used in over a thousand cooling towers.

Benefits Include:
Lower bacteria
counts
No salt build-up
Greener/lower blow
down
 Components of an Ozone System
Feed-Gas Supply Options (Select 1) Ozone Generation
Moisture Removal
System
Air
Power Supply Unit
O2
Ambient CRYO O2 System
Air O2
Flow
PSA O2 System
Supply
O2
Meter O3 %wt
VPSA O2 System

O2
Purchased LOX

Ozone Generator

Flow Control
Ozone Contacting Options (Select 1) Valve
M Flow Meter

Off-Gas Blower
Bubble Injection
Diffuser Ozone
Ozone Contactor
O3 Destruct
Contactor
How are Germs and Bacteria killed during Ozone
Water Purification?
Ozone is made up of three oxygen atoms (O3) a "free radical"
of oxygen. It will  readily give up one atom of oxygen
providing a powerful oxidiszng agent which is toxic to most
waterborne organisms such as bacteria, mold and yeast
spores, viruses or harmful protozoa that form cysts. 

This single Oxygen atoms binds with these substance causing

them to oxidize (think iron tuning into Iron Oxide - Rust).
The byproduct of this oxidation a single Oxygen atom.
Applications of Ozone in water treatment:
 Municipal Drinking Water Treatment
 Municipal Wastewater Treatment
 Bottled Water Production
 Industrial Wastewater Treatment
 Color Removal in Textile and Paper Industries\
 TOC/COD Reduction
 Water Reclaim
 Destruction of Toxic Compounds
 Clean In Place Systems
 Ultrapure Water Systems (e.g. Micro Electronics)
 Food Processing (e.g. Vegetable Washing)
 Aquatics (Pools, Aquariums, etc.)
 Cooling Water Systems
 Rain Water Harvesting
 Ground Water Remediation
 Grey Water Recycling
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
 Kills bacteria effectively.
 Oxidises substances such as
iron and sulphur so that
they can be filtered out of
the solution.
 There are no nasty odours
or residues produced from
the treatment.
 Ozone converts back into
oxygen quickly, and leaves
no trace once it has been
used.
Disadvantages
 The treatment requires energy
in the form of electricity; this
can cost money and cannot
work when the power is lost.
 The treatment cannot remove
dissolved minerals and salts.
 Ozone treatment
can sometimes produce by-
products such as bromate that
can harm human health if they
are not controlled.
References
 http://www.puritybay.com/prons-and-cons-of-ozone-water-purificatio
n
 http://www.water-research.net/index.php/ozonation
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification
 http://www.lenntech.com/library/ozone/drinking/ozone-applications-
drinking-water.htm
 http://www.envronozone.com/water_treatment/ozone_water_treatme
nt.htm
 http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/ozonewastewatertreatment.html
 http://www.biozone.com/ozone_water_treatment.html
 http://www.quality-drinking-
water.com/ozone_water_purification.html
 http://www.snwa.com/wq/treatment_ozone.html
 http://www.doityourself.com/stry/ozone-water-purification-pros-and-
cons#b