INJECTION OF JOINTS, CRACKS, VOIDS

DEC 2017, SIKA SERVICES AG

HAKTAN SAHIN
CPE INJECTION
CRACKS IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES

 Cracks are an element of all

reinforced concrete structures

 Cracks are not a failure of the

concrete. They are part of the
function of the reinforcement

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WHAT ARE TYPICAL REASONS FOR CRACKS

Concrete – internal processes

Shrinkage, thermal expansion …

External forces
Setting, weight, loads …
Other reasons:
- Wrong concrete mixing design
- Extreme weather conditions
- Missing or insufficient concrete curing
- Bad compaction of the concrete
- Wrong planning of the joints
[…]

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WHAT TYPES OF CRACKS CAN BE OCCURE

Surface cracks
 Negative effect for durability

Separating cracks
 Negative effect for watertightness
 Negative effect for durability
 Negative effect for strength

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WHY WE DO CRACK REPAIR WORK?

Durability of the construction

Closing a crack to avoid the ingress of damaging
substances (e.g. corrosion due to chlorides)

Watertightness of the construction

Closing a crack to refit the sealing function of the concrete
structure.

Strengthening of the construction

Force transmitting injections to rebuilt the strength
of a structure (e.g. after a unique overload)

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HOW CAN WE MEASURE CRACK WIDTH?

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WHAT KINDS OF CRACK CONDITIONS HAVE TO BE
IDENTIFIED FOR MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION?

Width of a crack

Movements of a crack

Stage of moisture of a crack

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Width of a crack
 The width of a crack is a
basic element for the correct
choice of an injection material

 Fine cracks normally require

an injection material with low viscosity

 Injection materials with higher viscosity

can be helpful in the case of wide cracks

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Movement of a crack
 In the case of movement, a flexible
injection material like a polyurethane resin
or hydrophilic acrylate is necessary

Attention !!!
All flexible materials have only a very limited extensibility.
The crack must be injected at its maximum width to limit
the expansion of the material.

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 Stage of moisture of a crack

(Temporarily) dry cracks

Wet cracks

Cracks with flowing water without pressure

Cracks with flowing water under pressure

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TYPE OF INJECTION MATERIAL
 Epoxy
 Sikadur 52 Low viscosity Epoxy (2C)

 Cement
 Sika Injecto Cem 190 (2C)

 Polyurethane
 Sika Injection 101Polyurethane Foam Temporary (2C)
 Sika Injection 107 Polyurethane Foam Temporary/Permanent
(1C)
 Sika Injection 201Polyurethane Resin Permanent (2C)
 Sika Injection 203Polyurethane Resin Permanent (2C)

 Gel
 Sika Injection 304 (2C)
11 Sika Injection 306 (2C)
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CRACKS IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Stage of moisture
Objectives Dry & wet
Sika Injection-201 CE/203
Closing
Sikadur-52
Sika Injection-451/456
Sika InjectoCem-190
Waterproofing
Sikadur-52
Structural repair Sika Injection-451/456
Sika InjectoCem-190
Sika Injection-201 CE/203
Flexible repairs Sika Injection-307
All Sika injection materials for crack repair can be injected with one-component pumps
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Flowing water
“no pressure” “under pressure”
Sika Injection-101 RC
+
Sika Sika Injection-201 CE/203
Injection-201 CE/203 Or
Sika Injection-101 RC
Sika Injection-307 +
Sika Injection-307
Sika Injection-456 Not possible
Sika Injection-101 RC
Sika Injection-201/203
Sika Injection-307 Sika Injection-201CE/203
Sika Injection-307
APPLICATION

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APPLICATION

Equipment for crack repair work

Injection pumps
- One-component pump
- Two-component pump

Packer systems
- Drill-hole / mechanical packer
- Surface packer

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APPLICATION OF A DRILL-HOLE PACKER

 Drill packer holes at a 45° angle to the

concrete

 Ø of drill hole = Ø of packer + 1mm

 Drill hole depth: ~d

~45
°

d: building component thickness

d/2: interval
- from packer to packer
- from packer to crack

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APPLICATION OF A DRILL-HOLE PACKER

direction of
injection

View C-C

View A-A Source: ZTV-Ing., German regulation

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 Best Case Szenario Worst Case Szenario

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APPLICATION OF A DRILL-HOLE PACKER

Only
in the case of very
thin constructions

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APPLICATION OF A DRILL-HOLE PACKER

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CRACK IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Step by step

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CRACK IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Step by step

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CRACK IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Step by step

Starting
packer

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CRACK IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Step by step

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CRACK IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Filling the whole crack at worst case szenario

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INJECTION PRESSURE

Pmax. = (concrete strength x 10) / 3

Example:
Concrete Class C25/30 (EN 206-1)
= 30 N/mm2 (for cubes)

Pmax. = (30 x 10)/3 = 100 bar

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APPLICATION OF A SURFACE PACKER

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APPLICATION OF A SURFACE PACKER

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APPLICATION OF A SURFACE PACKER

Step by step
Clean and stable
surface

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APPLICATION OF A SURFACE PACKER

Step by step
A nail ensures an
opening of the crack

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APPLICATION OF A SURFACE PACKER

Step by step

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APPLICATION OF A SURFACE PACKER

Step by step

Don´t forget the

curing time of the
patching !!!
(~ 24 h)

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APPLICATION OF A SURFACE PACKER

Step by step
High injection
pressure can damage
the patching !!!

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SIKA INJECTION

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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