PYTHON -INTRODUCTION

PYTHON LANGUAGE
 PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
WAS DEVELOPED BY GUIDO VAN ROSSUM
IN FEB 1991.
PYTHON PLUSES

1. EASY OF USE
 IT IS COMPACT VERY EASY TO USE
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE WITH VERY SIMPLE SYNTAX.
 VERY HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE

 VERY VERY PROGRAMMER FRIENDLY

PYTHON PLUSES

2.EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE
IT IS MORE CAPABLE TO EXPRESSING
THE CODE’S PURPOSE THAN MANY OTHER
LANGUAGES
SIMPLER SYNTAX
EG:
IN C++ FOR SWAPPING THE VALUES
int a=2,b=3,tmp;
tmp=a;
a=b;
b=tmp;
IN PYTHON FOR SWAPPING THE VALUES
a,b=2,3
a,b=b,a
PYTHON PLUSES
 INTERPRETED LANGUAGE:
IT IS AN INTERPRETED LANGUAGE NOT
A COMPILED LANGUAGE.
EXECUTES LINE BY LINE
EASY TO DEBUG
PYTHON PLUSES
COMPLETENESS:
WHEN YOU INSTALL PYTHON YO WILL
GET EVERYTHING-ADDITIONAL LIBRARIES-
VARIOUS MODULES ETC.,
PYTHON PLUSES
 FREE AND OPEN SOURCE :
 IT IS FREELY AVAILABLE WITHOUT
ANY COST
 OPEN SOURCE- CAN IMPROVE,
MODIFY, EXTEND
PYTHON PLUSES
CROSS PLATFORM LANGUAGE:
IT CAN RUN EQUALLY WELL ON
VARIOUS PLATFORMS-WINDOWS, LINUX,
SMARTPHONE ETC.,
PORTABLE LANGUAGE
PYTHON PLUSES
 APPLICATIONS:
 SCRIPTING
 GUI PROGRAMMING
 GAME DEVELOPMENT
 SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION
 DB APPLICATIONS
PYTHON MINUSES
 NOT THE FASTEST LANGUAGE
 LESSER LIBRARIES THAN C,JAVA,PEARL
 NOT STRONG ON TYPE BINDING
 NOT EASILY CONVERTIBLE
PYTHON FUNDAMENTALS
CHARACTER SET:
CHARACTER IS A SET OF VALID CHARACTERS THAT A
LANGUAGE CAN RECOGNIZE.
A CHARACTER REPRESENTS ANY LETTER,DIGIT OR
ANY OTHER SYMBOL
LETTERS: A-Z AND a-z
DIGITS:0-9
SPL SYMBOLS:,+()*&%$#!@......
WHITE SPACES:BLANKSPACES,TABS,RETURN ETC.,
TOKENS
 SMALLEST INDIVIDUAL UNIT IN A
PROGRAM ARE CALLED TOKENS OR
LEXICAL UNITSOR LEXICAL ELEMENTS.
KEYWORDS
 RESERVED WORDS
 CONVEY A SPECIAL MEANING TO THE
LANGUAGE COMPILER /INTERPRETER
IDENTIFIERS
 FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF
THE PROGRAMS
 GENERAL TERMINOLOGY FOR THE
NAMES GIVEN TO THE DIFFERENT PARTS
OF THE PROGRAM
RULES FOR NAMING AN IDENTIFIER
1. UPPER AND LOWER CASES ARE DIFFERENT
A=25
print A //25
print a error
2. DIGITS CAN BE A PART OF AN IDENTIFIER
EXCEPT FOR THE FIRST CHARACTER
A123,S1ER,a1000 ARE THE VALID IDENTIFIERS
1QWE,09ER ARE THE INVALID IDENTIFIERS
RULES FOR NAMING AN IDENTIFIER

3.THE FIRST CHARACTER MUST BE A

LETTER OR UNDERSCORE(_).
EG:
AB_CD,_GFH,I_90P ARE VALID
4.THESE ARE UNLIMITED IN LENGTH
5.IT IS CASE SENSITIVE
RULES FOR NAMING AN IDENTIFIER

5.IT CANNOT BE A KEYWORD

if=20,print=‘abc’ are invalid
6.IT CANNOT CONTAIN ANY SPL
CHARACTER EXCEPT UNDERSCORE(_)
EXAMPLE:ABC DF,NAME-OF,QW.ER ARE
INVALID
IDENTIFY THE VALID AND INVALID IDENTIFIERS

1. myfile
2. su_per_PY
3. ZT12Z
4. DATA REC
5. break
6. FOR
7. _YOYO
LITERALS

LITERALS ARE ALSO CALLED AS

CONSTANTS

LITERALS ARE DATA ITEMS THAT HAVE A

FIXED VALUE.
TYPES OF LITERALS
 STRING LITERAL
 NUMERIC LITERAL
 BOOLEAN LITERAL
 SPECIAL LITERAL None
 OTHER LITERALS- TUPLE,LIST ETC.,
STRING LITERAL
 THE TEXT ENCLOSED IN QUOTES FORMS
A STRING LITERAL
 EG:’ABCD’,”WELCOME”,”A”
 STRING LITERALS CAN BE ENCLOSED
WITH IN EITHER SINGLE OR DOUBLE
QUOTES.
NON GRAPHIC CHARACTERS
 PYTHON ALLOWS YOU TO HAVE CERTAIN NON GRAPHIC
CHARACTER IN STRING VALUES.
 NON GRAPHIC CHARACTERS ARE THOSE CHARACTERS
THAT CANNOT BE TYPED THROUGH KEYBOARD.
 IN PYTHON STRINGS, THE BACKSLASH "\" IS A
SPECIAL CHARACTER, ALSO CALLED THE
"ESCAPE" CHARACTER.
 IT IS USED IN REPRESENTING CERTAIN
WHITESPACE CHARACTERS: "\t" IS A TAB, "\n" IS A NEWLINE,
EXAMPLE
 print(“hi hello welcome”)
 Output:

hi hello welcome
print(“hi\nhello\t\t welcome”)
output:
hi
hello welcome
LEN()
 len() function is used to find the length of the string
a=‘jack and jill’
print(a) //jack and jill
print(len(a)) //13
b=‘jack\n and jil\t’
jack
and jil
print(b)
print(len(b)) o/p :14
WHAT WILL BE THE SIZE OF THE FOLLOWING CONSTANT?

 ‘\a’
 “\a”
 “reema\’s”
 ‘\”’
 “it’s”
SIMPLE PROGRAMS
 Write a python program to find the area of thr
circle
r=3
Area=3.14*r*r
print(Area)
SIMPLE PROGRAMS
 WRITE A PYTHON PROGRAM TO SWAP
THE TWO VALUES
 WRITE A PYTHON PROGRAM TO FIND THE
SIMPLE INTEREST
 WRITE A PYTHON PROGRAM TO CONVERT
THE CELCIUS TO FARENHEIT
 WRITE A PYTHON PROGRAM TO FIND THE
AVERAGE OF GIVEN MARKS
TYPES OF STRINGS
 THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF STRINGS
SINGLE LINE STRINGS
MULTI LINE STRINGS
SINGLE LINE STRINGS
 THE STRINGS THAT YOU CREATE BY ENCLOSING
TEXT IN SINGLE QUOTES(‘ ‘) OR DOUBLE
QUOTES(“ “)
 THEY MUST TERMINATE IN A SINGLE LINE

EG: TEXT=‘HELLO (IF U PRESS ENTER KEY)

IT WILL SHOW THE ERROR BECAUSE IF AT THE END
OF A LINE ,THERE IS NO CLOSING QUOTATION FOR
AN OPENED QUOTATION OF MARKS
MULTI LINE STRINGS
 BY ADDING BACKSLASH AT THE END OF
THE STRING:
IN NORMAL STRINGS,JUST ADD A
BACKSLASH IN THE END BEFORE PRESSING
ENTER KEY TO CONTINUE TYPING TO THE
NEXT LINE.
 FOR EXAMPLE:
 TEXT1=‘HI HELLO\
 WELCOME’
 print(TEXT1)
 HI HELLO WELCOME
 BY TYPING THE TEXT IN TRIPLE QUOTATION
MARKS(NO BACKSLASH NEEDED):
PYTHON ALLOWS TO TYPE MULTILINE TEXT
STRING BY ENCLOSING THEM IN TRIPLE QUOTES
FOR EXAMPLE:TEXT=”””HELLO (PRESS ENTER
KEY)WORLD”””
print(TEXT)
HELLO
WORLD
SIZE OF STRINGS

TEXT=‘HIHELLO\
WORLD’
TEXT1=”””HIHELLO
WORLD”””
Print(len(TEXT)) O/P:12
Print((len(TEXT1) O/P:13