Security Level:

Load Control

340315,7

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Chapter 1 Load Control presentation

Chapter 2 Load control algorithms

Chapter 3 Call Admission Control

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Load Concept
• Load:
 The occupancy of capacity
 TDMA and FDMA system: the capacity is hard
limited.
 Example: In GSM, the cell capacity (channel
number) is fixed.
 CDMA system:
 soft capacity
 Hard capacity

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

Load Concept

User#1 User#1
Frequency User#2 Frequency
User#3 User#2
User#3

Time Time
TDMA FDMA

Frequency

User#1
User#2
User#3
Time

CDMA
Code
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4
Capacity of CDMA system

• Soft capacity:
 Interference (UL)
 Power (DL)
• Hard capacity
 Code
 Hard ware resource
 Transport resource, NodeB processing capability.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5

Chapter 1 Load Control presentation

Chapter 2 Load control algorithms

Chapter 3 Call Admission Control

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6

Load Control Algorithm(1)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7

Load Control Algorithm(2)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 8

Load Control Algorithm(3)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9

Load Control Features(1)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10

Load Control Features(2)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11

Chapter 1 Load Control presentation

Chapter 2 Load control algorithms

Chapter 3 Call Admission Control

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12

Principle of the Admission Control

Before accepting any request the RNC checks :

•Radio Interface Resource

•IUB Transmission Resource
•CE resource
•Code resource

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13

Flow Chart of Admission Control
call arrive

Get the service characteristic and the current load

Suppose the user is accepted, and calculate the predicted

UL load factor. And then compared with the threshold.

admitted? n

Suppose the user is accepted, and

calculate the predicted DL load factor.
And then compared with the threshold.

admitted? n

call admitted call rejected

end

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14

Principle of the Admission Control

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15

Activity factor

• Activity factor : The percentage of time that the data

transmission is active.

• The UL and DL activity factor may be different for

dedicated channel.

• Different service type has different activity factor.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16

Admission Control UL Algorithm
Signal power
Eb / N 0  proces sin g gain 
• Eb/No Interference power
W Pj
 
  R RTWP  Pj
1
• Received power Pj Pj   RTWP
W /(  R )
1
Eb / N 0

1
• Define load factor for user j Lj 
W /(  R )
1
Eb / N 0

• UL load factor UL  (1  f )  L j

jall user in the cell

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17

Admission Control UL Algorithm 1
Admission request

PN
Get current RTWP, and calculate the
current load factor.
UL  1 
RTWP
1
Get the traffic characteristic, and  
estimate the increment of load factor. W
1
Eb
R
Calculate the predicted load factor.
N0
UL _ predicted  UL     0
Smaller than the
threshold?
n
y

admitted rejected

end of UL CAC

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 18

Admission Control DL Algorithm 1
Admission request

Get current TCP. P (N )

P
Get the traffic characteristic, and
estimate the increment of tcp.

Calculate the predicted tcp. P ( N )  P  Pcomm

Smaller than the

threshold?
n
y

admitted rejected

end of DL CAC

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 19

Normalized traffic factor
• Reference service : 12.2k AMR with activity factor = 1.

• Normalized traffic factor of user i k:   Ec N0  i

i
 Ec N 0  s tan dard
• Normalized traffic factor(NTF) has the meaning of
equivalent number of user i relatives to the 12.2k AMR.

• UL and DL may have different normalized traffic factor.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20

UL & DL Algorithm2
Admission request

N
Get current total NTF. K ( N )   ki
i 1

 Ec
N 0  N 1
Get the traffic characteristic, and
k N 1 
estimate the increment of NTF.
 Ec N 0  s tan dard
Calculate the predicted NTF. K ( N  1)  K ( N )  k N 1

Smaller than the

threshold?
n
y

admitted rejected

end of UL/DL CAC

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21

Strategies

• Only for dedicated channels, and reserve a certain

resource for the common channels.

• UL and DL CAC algorithms are independently.

• In principle, a request will be admitted only when UL and

DL are both admitted. But if UL or DL CAC switch is closed,
only one direction CAC also can be realized.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 22

Strategies
• For RRC Connection request with the reason : registration, emergency call
and Detach direct admission is used.

• For RRC Connection request with the reason “Originating/Terminating

Conversational call “ the thresholds for AMR voice services are used.

• For RRC Connection request with other reason, UL/DL OLC Trigger
threshold is used when using algorithm 1. when using algorithm 2 the
same threshold is used if OLC switch is off unless the connection will
be rejected if the cell is in an overload congestion state.

• Handover threshold, conversational threshold and other

services threshold are used to keep the priority of the handover
higher than the conversational, conversational than the Best
Effort services.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 23
Thank you
www.huawei.com