GAS TURBINE

Introduction
 The Gas Turbine Is One Of The Oldest Device Known To
Man For The Conversion Of Heat Into Mechanical Work.
 Gas turbines are designed for many different purposes.
 The Gas Turbine Obtain Its Power By Utilizing The Energy
Of Burnt Gases And Air Which Are At High Temperature
And Pressure By Expanding Through Moving Blades.
 To Get a High Pressure For Simple Cycle Of Working Fluid
Which Is Essential For Expansion a Compressor Is
Required.
 When Gas Turbine Is Used For Power Generation It Is
Called Power Turbine And When It Is Used As Propulsion
Unit In Aircraft It Is Called Aviation Turbine.
 Classifications
 On The Basis Of Combustion Process
 Constant Pressure Type
 The cycle working on this principle is called Brayton cycle

Constant Volume Type

 The cycle working on this principle is called Alkinson cycle

On The Basis Of Expanding Gases

Impulse Turbine
Impulse Reaction Turbine
 On The Basis Of Path Of
Working Substance  Exhau
st
Gases
 Conden

Open Cycle Gas  HRSG

sate
from
Proces
s

Turbine  Steam
to
Proces
 Comb s
ustor
 Working fluid enters from atmosphere  Fuel

& exhaust to atmosphere

 G

 Gener
ator
 Comp
 Turbi
resso ne
 Air r
 Closed Cycle Gas Turbine
 Heat

 Part Of Working Fluid Is Source

Confined Within The

Plant.  Heat
Exchanger
 Semi-Closed Cycle
 G
part Of Working Fluid Is  Generat
or
Confined Within The Plant  Compre
 Turbine
ssor
And Another Part Flows
From And To The  Condensa
Atmosphere te from
Process

 Steam to
Process
 On The Basis Of Direction
Of Flow

Axial Flow
 When air enters the
compressor through the air
inlet, incoming air passes
through the first row of
vanes, called inlet guide
vanes.
 As the air enters the first set of rotating blades, it is
deflected in the direction of blade rotation.
 The air is then caught and turned as it passes through a
set of stator vanes. From there, the air is picked up by
another set of rotating blades.
On The Basis Of Shaft Configuration
Single Shaft Turbine(Turbojet Engine)

 In single shaft turbine compressor,turbine and generator are

attached on same shaft.
Multi Shaft Engine

 In Multi Shaft Turbine Compressor And Turbine Are

Attached On One Shaft And Generator Is Attached On

Other Shaft.
Component Of Gas Turbine
 Air inlet section
 Compressor section
 Diffuser
 Combustion section
 Turbine section
 Exhaust section
 Component Of Gas Turbine
 The engine case of the gas
Air Inlet Section turbine is a tube-like
container that is open at both
ends and narrow in the center.

The front end of the case

contains the compressor. The
compressor draws air into the
case and increases the air
pressure by compressing (or
reducing) its volume.
 Compression Section
The purpose of the
compressor section is to
compress air for cooling
and combustion. The
compressor draws in
atmospheric air
through the air inlet
and increases its
pressure while reducing
its volume.
 In An Axial Flow Compressor The Air Flows Axially. This
Means That The Air Flows In A Relatively Straight Path In Line
With The Axis Of The Gas Turbine.
 Diffuser
The diffuser is located
between the compressor
section and the main
components of the
combustion section.
The purpose of the diffuser is
to prepare the air for entry
into the combustion section.
The front end of the diffuser
is bolted to the compressor
case, and the back end is
attached to the combustion
section.
Combustion Section
The purpose of the combustion
section is to add heat energy to
the flowing gases.
This addition of heat causes
the gases to expand and
accelerate into the turbine
section.
The hot gases that are
generated by burning fuel in
the combustion chambers are
used to power the turbine and
the load.
Turbine The purpose of the turbine
section is to convert the
energy of the expanding gases
into mechanical energy to
drive the compressor, the
accessories, and the load.
Like the compressor section,
the turbine section consists of
two major components:
the stator or turbine nozzles to
change the direction of gas
flow and increase gas velocity
 Exhaust Section
 When the gases exit the
turbine section they enter the
last section of the gas
turbine, the exhaust section.
 The purpose of the exhaust
section is to discharge the
spent gases to the
atmosphere.
 As the exhaust gases pass through the exhaust section
components:
• the velocity is decreased
• the pressure remains relatively constant
• the turbulence is reduced
 Advantages
Less vibrations.
Mechanical efficiency is high(nearly 95%).
Very high power to weight ratio.
Low operating pressures.
Low balancing problem.
Exhaust is free from smoke.
Installation and maintenance cost are less.
Compact in size.
Rapidly start.
Continuous power developed.
 Application
 Power generation.
 Air craft propulsion
 Rockets.
 Combined cycle power plant.
 Marine applications.
 Space application.
 Driving pumps and compressors in gas/oil pipe line.
THE END