FUTURE OF IOT

 
A Technical Seminar Report
Submitted by
Ms. D MADHAVILATHA
(Reg. No.:174M1A0421)
 
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY :: P. KOTHAKOTA

(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu :: Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
(Accredited by NAAC, Bangalore :: ISO 9001 2015 Certified institution)
Tirupati – Chittoor Road, Near Pakala, Chittoor (Dt.), A. P- 517 112.
 
 
 ABSTRACT
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next big thing in
the wireless revolution. It is a natural evolution of the
internet and, as the name suggests, goes beyond the
connection of people to the internet by connecting
‘things’ such as computers, machines and sensors.
• The use of Low Power Wide Area Networks
(LPWANs) as the communications medium makes
for a ‘killer app’which will explode onto the world in
millions of applications and implementations over the
next decade
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
• What is IoT?
• Example of Things
• History of IoT
• Evolution of IoT
• How IoT Works?
• How can we use IoT
• Technological challenges of IoT
• Criticism & Controversies of IoT
• Conclusion
 What is IoT ?
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of
physical objects or “things” embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, and network
connectivity, which enables these objects to collect
and exchange data
• “Thing” is the context of the internet of things
(IoT),is an entity or physical object that has a unique
identifier, an embedded system and the ability to
transfer data over a network
 Example of “things”
• Heart monitoring implants
• Biochip transponders on farm animals
• Automobiles with built-in sensors
• DNA analysis devices, heartbeat tracker , etc.
• Houses with built-in sensors.

These devices collect useful data with the help of

various existing technologies and then autonomously
flow the data between other devices.
 History of IOT
• In 1999, Kevin Ashton coined the term “ internet of
things” and established MIT’s Auto-ID center, a global
research network of academic laboratories focused on
RFID and internet of things.
• Kevin Ashton is considered as father of IOT. He
considered that information is a great resource that can be
used to reduce wastage and lead to more productivity in
our world.
• He believed that IOT can “ turn the world into data” that
can lead to smart decision making on resource utilization.
 How IoT Works ?
• The internet of things (IoT),also sometimes referred to as the internet of
everything(IoE), consists of all the web enabled devices that collect,
send and act on data. They acquire from their surrounding environments
using embedded sensors, processors and communication hardware.
• These devices often called “ connected” or “ smart” devices, can
sometimes talk to other related devices in a process called machine to
machine(M2M) communication and act on the information they get from
one another.
• Humans can interact with the gadgets to set them up, give them
instruction or access the data, but the devices do most of the work on
their own without human intervention.
• Their existence has been made possible by all the tiny mobile
components that are available these days as well as the always online
nature of our home business networks
 Sensors and Actuators
Sensors:
They are mainly input components. They sense and collect
surrounding information .
Basically three types:
• Passive, omnidirecctional (e.g. mic)
• Passive, narrow-beam sensor(e.g. PIR)
• Active sensors(e.g. sonar, radar, etc.)
Actuators :
They are mainly output component. They alter the
surroundings. some examples :
• Adding lighting, heat , sound, etc.
• Controlling motors to move objects.
• Displaying messages and others.
 Things getting connected to internet
• Home /daily –life devices
• Business and
• Public infrastructure
• Health- care
HUMAN GETTING CONNECTED TO
THINGS
Things getting connected to things

fig: Smart city

 Communication
• A “ thing” always feature communication for “ team working”
• The role of communications
• Providing a data link between two nodes
• Communication type:
• Wire line (e.g. copper wires, optical fibers)
• Wireless (e.g. RF, IR). RF-based communication is the most
popular choice (and also our focus)
• Popular RF-based communication solutions.
• IEEE 802.15.4  used in XM1000
• IEEE 802.11 (Wifi)
• Bluetooth
• Near field communication (NFC).e.g. RFID
 The Internet
• The internet serves as a wide area networking for a local
network
• The internet uses TCP/IP. This implies that things must also
support TCP/IP.
• Gateway( or sink)
• For a practical deployment, a gateway is often needed in a
network
• It offers relaying packets between the networks and the
internet
 Applications of IOT
• According to some researches there will be nearly 26 billion
devices on the Internet of Things by 2020
• Media
• Environmentak Monitering
• Infrastructure management
• Manufacturing
• Energy management
• Medical and healthcare systems
• Building and home automation
• Transportation
• Large scale deployments
• Etc…
 Technological challenges of IoT
At present IoT is faced with many challenges, such as
• Scalability
• Technological standardization
• Inter operability
• Discovery
• Software complexity
• Data volumes and interpretation
• Power supply
• Interaction and short range communication
• Wireless communicatio
• Fault tolerance
 Criticism & controversies of IoT
Scholars and social observers and pessimists have doubts
about the promises if the ambiguious computing revolution, in
the areas as:
• Privacy
• Security
• Autonomy and control
• Social control
• Political manipulation
• Design
• Environmental impact
• Influences human moral decision making
 Conclusion
Internet of things is a new technology which provides
many applications to connect the things to things and human
to things thorough the internet. Each objects in the world can
be identified taking decisions independently. By the internet of
things many smart application become real in our life, which
enables us to reach and contact with every things in addition to
facilities many important aspects for human life such as samrt
healthcare, smart homes, smart energy, smart cities and smart
environment. One day it may completely changes the world as
we know.
 Reference
1. www.google.com
2.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things
3. Cisco whitepaper, "The Internet of Things" - How the
Next Evolution of the Internet Is Changing Everything, by
Dave Evans, April 2011.
4. GE cloud expo 2014, "Industrial Internet as a Service",
by Shyam Varan Nath, Principal Architect.
5. Dr. Mazlan Abbas, MIMOS Berhad, Wisma IEM,
Petaling Jaya 34