A TECHNICAL

SEMINAR on

LASER COMMUNICATION
under
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Presented by

MS. K. AKHILA
[Reg. No: 184M5A0405]

VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY :: P.

KOTHAKOTA
(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,
ISO 9001 2015 Certified institution and Accredited by
NAAC)
Tirupati – Chittoor Road, Near Pakala, Chittoor (Dt.), A. P- 517
112.
Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• WORKING OF LASER COMMUNICATION
• ONE-WAY LASER COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
• APPLICATION
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

 ABSTRACT
Laser communications offer a viable alternative to RF communications for
intersatellite links and other applications where high-performance links are
necessary. High data rate, small antenna size, narrow beam divergence, and a narrow
field of view are characteristics of laser communication that offer a number of
potential advantages for system design. The high data rate and large information
throughput available with laser communications are many times greater than in
radio frequency (RF) systems. The small antenna size requires only a small increase
in the weight and volume of host vehicle. In addition, this feature substantially
reduces blockage of fields of view of the most desirable areas on satellites. The
smaller antennas, with diameters typically less than 30cm, create less momentum
disturbance to any sensitive satellite sensors. The narrow beam divergence of
affords interference-free and secure operation.

Dept. of ECE, VEMU IT

 INTRODUCTION

• Laser communications systems are wireless connections through the atmosphere.

• They work similarly to fiber optic links, except the beam is transmitted through free
space.
• While the transmitter and receiver must require line-of-sight conditions, they
have the benefit of eliminating the need for broadcast rights and buried cables.

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WORKING OF LASER COMMUNICATION

Fig. 1.: Block Diagram

Fig. 2.: Laser

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LASER TRANSMITTER AND
RECEIVER
Optical fiber link

Laser Transmitter Receiver

Direct Link

Fig. 3.: Laser Transmitter & Receiver

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ONE-WAY LASER COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

Fig. 4.: One Way Laser Communication

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 LASER TRANSMITTER
• The Transmitter involves a signal
processing circuit, and a laser.
• A laser diode is used to create the laser signal.
• Laser Diodes include Photodiodes for
feedback
to insure consistent output.

Fig. 5.: Transmitter

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 RECEIVER
The receiver involves:
• Telescope(‘antenna’)
• Signal processor
• Detector
 PIN diodes
 Avalanche Photo Diodes(APD)
 Single or multiple detectors Fig. 6.: Receiver

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 MODULATION
• AM
- Easy with gas lasers, hard with diodes

• PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)

- Used by Ramsey in their kit

• PFM (Pulsed FM)

- Potentially the highest bandwidth (>100kHz)

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 GAIN SYSTEMS
• Transmitter
• Maximum output power
• Minimum divergence
• Receiver
• Maximum lens area
• Clarity
• Tight focus on detector

Fig. 7.: Gain systems

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 FILTERS
• Sun shade over detector
• Shade in front of lens
• Detector spectral response
• Colored filters
• Absorb ~50% of available light
• Difficult to find exact frequency

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 POINTING
• GPS and Compass
• Scopes and Binoculars
• Strobe lights, large handheld floods, headlights
• HTs to yell when laser light is seen at remote location

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 APPLICATIONS
• Transmit voice for miles line-of-sight
• Transmit video with cheap pens
• Transmit high speed data without WEP
• Blind flies for easy extermination

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 ADVANTAGE
S
• Ease of deployment
• Can be used to power devices
• Immunity to electromagnetic interference
• Full duplex operation
• Protocol transparency

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 DISADVANTAGES
For terrestrial applications, the principal limiting factors are:
• Beam dispersion
• Atmospheric absorption
• Rain
• Fog (10..~100 dB/km attenuation)
• Snow
• Pollution / smog

Dept. of ECE, VEMU

 CONCLUSION
• Laser communications offers a viable alternative to RF communications for inter
satellite links and other applications where high-performance links are a necessity.

• High data rate, small antenna size, narrow beam divergence, and a narrow field of
view are characteristics of laser communications that offer a number of potential
advantages forsystem design.

Dept. of ECE, VEMU

 REFERENCES
• www.studymafia.org
• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com

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Dept. of ECE, VEMU
Dept. of ECE, VEMU