Final Year Project

Plagiarism Avoidance
All FYPs - SoCT
 Slide 2 of 27

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this session, YOU should be able to:

Relate what plagiarism is

identify and apply citation and references within project
Related relationship between plagiarism and referencing

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 3 of 27

Referencing

• What is a reference?
• Why reference?
• When to reference?
• How to reference?

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 4 of 27

What is a reference?

• You are expected to acknowledge any material in books etc

that you have used in reports/dissertations etc

• British Standards BS1629: 1976 and BS5605: 1990 define

a bibliographical reference as:
" a set of data or elements describing a document, or part
of a document, and sufficiently precise and detailed to
enable a potential reader to identify and locate it".

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 5 of 27

Why Reference?

• To avoid plagiarism
• To show you have read a piece of work and understood it
• To show courtesy to the original author
• To track your reading/note-taking
• To back up an argument

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 6 of 27

What is it Plagiarism

Did You Know? The word plagiarism

comes from the Latin plagiarius meaning
"kidnapper"

San Jose State University, Plagiarism Tutorial,

http://130.65.109.143/plagiarism/tutorial/introduction.php.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 7 of 27

Eastern Kentucky University, From Today's Cartoon by Randy Glasbergen,

http://www.acts.eku.edu/cartoon/more.htm.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 8 of 27

Why must I not Plagiarise?

Possibly the most important reason to not plagiarize is that it

robs you of the educational experiences involved in research,
thinking, and writing.
Taking credit for someone else’s work hurts YOU most of all.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 9 of 27

Identifying Plagiarism

There are many sites that will sell or make

available to you an essay, articles or
perhaps even an assignment. Presenting
this material as your own is plagiarism.

REMEMBER, IF YOU CAN FIND

IT, SO CAN YOUR LECTURER !

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 10 of 27

When to reference?

• To quote an individual directly

• To identify an authors thought/ideas
• To use specific information from an author, such as
tables or statistics
• Referencing is used so that the reader can locate the
source of information solely from the reference provided

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 11 of 27

How to reference?

• Many methods exist

• APIIT and SU use the Harvard Name convention
• Citing: acknowledging within your text the document
from which you have obtained your information
• Reference: the detailed description of the document
from which you have obtained your information

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Referencing - Books

Single author

Citation The theory was first propounded in 1993

(In-Text (Comfort 1997, p. 58)
Example) OR
Comfort (1997, p. 58) claimed that…
Reference Comfort, A 1997, A good age, Mitchell Beazley,
London.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Referencing - Books

2 or 3 authors

Citation (Madden & Hogan 1997 p. 45)

(In-Text OR
Example) Madden and Hogan (1997, p. 45)
discuss this idea…
Reference Madden, R & Hogan, T 1997, The definition of
disability in Australia: moving towards national
consistency, Australian Institute of Health and
Welfare, Canberra.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 14 of 27

Primary vs. Secondary Source

Primary
Source
Citation The theory was first propounded in 1993
(In-Text (Comfort 1997, p. 58)
Example) OR
Comfort (1997, p. 58) claimed that…
Reference Comfort, A 1997, A good age, Mitchell
Beazley, London.
Secondary
Source
Journal “… origins of neuralgia” (Carini and Hogan,
cited in Patton 2002, p. 2154)
OR
Carini and Hogan (cited in Patton 2002)
Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides
 Primary vs. Secondary Sources (cont.)

Secondary research makes reference to the another book cited

by the author of the book you referred to as opposed to primary
sources which doesn’t.
In the above example, the journal you referred to is Patton KT
2002, “Neuralgia and headaches”, Science, vol. 4, pp. 2153-2155
While it’s fine to include secondary sources as part of your
research, you are encouraged to have more primary sources as
opposed to secondary sources. This is because references to
secondary sources, makes it difficult for the authenticity and
interpretations to be validated.
For example, we would not have known the motive of Carini and
Hogan when citing the work of Patton 2002. Assuming if it was on a
negative end, the repercussions would have affected your research
as well.
Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides
 Referencing – E-Book

Citation (Pettinger 2002)

(In-Text
Example)
Reference Pettinger, R 2002, Global organizations,
Capstone Publishing, Oxford. Retrieved 28
September 2004, from Curtin University Library
&Information Service E-books:
http://opac.lis.curtin.edu.au

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Referencing – Encyclopedia/Dictionanary

Citation The new Grove encyclopedia of music and

(In-Text musicians (1980, p. 85) defined it as...
Example)
Reference The new Grove encyclopedia of music and
musicians 1980, Macmillan, London.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Referencing – Document on WWW

Citation “It’s essential you learn how to

(In-Text reference” (Dawson et al. 2002).
Example)
Reference Dawson, J, Smith, L, Deubert, K & Grey-Smith,
S 2002, ‘S’ Trek 6: referencing, not plagiarism.
Retrieved October 31, 2002, from
http://studytrekk.lis.curtin.edu.au

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Referencing – Press Release

Citation (Watersmith 2000)

(In-Text
Example)
Reference Watersmith, C 2000, BHP enters new era,
media release, BHP Limited, Melbourne, 1
March.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Referencing – Newspaper Article

With author name

Citation (Towers 2000)

(In-Text
Example)
Reference Towers, K 2000, 'Doctor not at fault: coroner',
The Australian, 18 January, p. 3.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Referencing – Newspaper Article

No author name

Citation .....in the Sydney Morning Herald

(In-Text (24 January 2000, p. 12)
Example)
Reference Provide all the details in the in-text citation – no
need for an entry in the reference list.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Bibliography

A Bibliography is any list of references at the end of a text,

whether cited or not. It includes texts you made use of, not
only texts you referred to in your paper, but your own
additional background reading, and any other articles you
think the reader might need as background reading.

Cuba, L. 1988, A Short Guide to Writing in the Social Sciences.

London: Scott Foresman.Chs. 2, 4 & 6.
Friedman, S. & S. Steinberg 1989, Writing and thinking in the
Social Sciences.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hamp-Lyons, L. & K. Courter 1984, Research matters. Rowley,
Mass.: Newbury House.
Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides
 Slide 23 of 27

Exercise 1

Rhind (2002) states we need to establish good

"communication at the individual, research group and
departmental level".

Comments:
This would constitute plagiarism. The citation marks
should begin with the word “we”. You should check
all citations carefully. The page number is missing.
This is called Misplaced citation

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 24 of 27

Exercise 2

The Department of Information Science at City has

excellent communication at many levels, individually,
through research groups and at the departmental level.

Comments:

This would constitute plagiarism. You MUST

acknowledge your sources when you paraphrase.
This is called paraphrasing with no reference

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 25 of 27

Exercise 3

Rhind (2002, p 112) argues that "we need to establish good

communication at the individual, research group and
departmental level".
Comments:
The citation is correctly referenced - Correct citation.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Relationship between
Plagiarism & Referencing

If your work is completely referenced

and cited, you would could not have
committed plagiarism and vice versa.

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Slide 27 of 27

Question and Answer Session

Q&A

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

 Next Session

Specification Writing

Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides