A SEMINAR ON

“NEEM COATED UREA”

Supervised By
Prof V.V. Gedam

Presented By
Shubham Likhankar

Department of Chemical Engineering

Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering & Technology,Nagpur
2015-2016
 CONTENT OF SEMINAR

• Introduction.
• Neem Coated Urea
• Manufacturing Process of Neem Coated Urea
• Coating of Urea with Neem-Water Emulsion
• Why Neem Coated Urea?
• Urea vs NCU
• Advantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
• References
 INTRODUCTION

• Out of 17 nutrients required by crops plants for their

normal growth, nitrogen is required in largest amount.

Volatilization
• Urea is one of the most widely used source of Nit
rific Increase cost
fertilizer nitrogen in the world. atio
n
Urea (46-0-0)
• About 2.229 tonnes urea required in Maharashtra
every year and approx. 30.158 tonnes required in

n
Loss of urea

tio
India.

za

Leaching
ili
ob
m
Im
• However, about 20–70% of the applied urea fertilizer
is lost to the environment, causing serious pollution
and increasing costs.
 Neem Coated Urea: What is it ?

• Indian Agriculture Research Institute (ICAR-ICRI), New Delhi

pioneered the discovery and development of neem products
as fertilizer urea adjuvants for enhanced nitrogen use
efficiency.
• The neem coating is modification done over the prilled urea to
slow down its nitrogen release and losses.

• A coating of neem oil and water are done over the surface of
urea fertilizer.
Urea with
• Water passes through the coating to form urea-water solution. neem coating.
 Neem Coated Urea: What is it ?

• Neem coating acts as nitrogen inhibitors and help to slow down or decrease
rate of releasing of nitrogen.

• soil contains nitrifying bacteria such as nitrobacter and nitrosomonas

which causes rapid release of nitrogen from urea .

• But Neem oil have constituents such as Epinimbin, Deacetylnimbin and

Salannin can inhibit the nitrogen loss caused by the bacteria thereby
ensures the slow release of nitrogen from the fertilizer.

• It also acts as presence of pesticides due to presence of azadirachtin.

Manufacturing process of Neem Coated Urea
 Coating of urea with neem-water emulsion
For 10% concentration.

• On other hand the emulsion of neem oil and water are prepared Water= 175 kg.
with the help of emulsifier. Neem oil= 20 kg.

Emulsifier= 5 kg.
• The concentration of emulsion are based on 10%, 20%, 30%.
For 20% concentration

• The emulsion are spread by using high speed jet nozzle. Water= 150 kg.

Neem oil= 40 kg.

• Either urea is passed from conveyor belt and jet of emulsion are Emulsifier= 10 kg.
spread on urea or rotating mill with nozzles fitted for spreading
For 30% concentration.
emulsion are employed.
Water= 125 kg.
• This ensures that it covers maximum area of urea, to enable the Neem oil= 60 kg.
neem coating of 400-1000 ppm to the desired. Emulsifier= 15 kg.
 Why neem coated urea ?

Because urea have following disadvantages:

• Volatilization.

• Leaching.

• Immobilization.

• Denitrification.
 Why neem coated urea ?

Volatilization
• Urea-based nitrogen fertilizer products are susceptible to
volatilization losses of nitrogen if surface-applied and not
incorporated.
• Urease enzymes in the soil and plant residues convert the urea
component to free ammonia gas. Loss of urea

• If this conversion occurs at the soil surface and is accompanied

by warm sunny days, as much as 15 - 20% of the urea-based
nitrogen may volatilize within a week after application.
Action of Urease
• If a half-inch or more of rain occurs within the first 24 hours
after surface application, the risk of subsequent volatilization
also drops to essentially zero.
 Why neem coated urea ?
Immobilization

• Nitrogen in the form of nitrate is utilized by soil microorganism is

removed from pool available for production of crops.

• The soil microorganism having nitrogen is flushed away by water

used for irrigation.
 Why neem coated urea ?

Leaching

• All applied N fertilizer sources eventually convert completely

to the nitrate-N form.

• This form of nitrogen is not held tightly by soil particles and

can be leached from the soil profile with excessive rains,
especially on lighter-textured soils.

Leached to ground water

 Why neem coated urea ?

Denitrification

• Certain soil bacteria that thrive in saturated (anaerobic) soil

conditions will convert nitrate (nitrogen) to oxygen and
nitrogen gases. Nitrogen gas evolved

• Volatilization of the nitrogen gas can result in nitrogen losses

of as much as 5% of the available nitrate-N per day.
Saturated soil
• Soils at greatest risk to denitrification nitrogen loss are those
that are naturally heavy and poorly drained. Denitrification
 Urea vs NCU
FACTORS PRILLED UREA NEEM COATED UREA

COST 268-280 INR 282-290 INR

NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY Below 33% 45-50%

AVAILABILITY 30% in Indian market 70-100% in Indian Market

REQUIREMENT 120 kg/Hectare 10% less as compared to urea

RECOVERY 30-50% 60-70%

NITROGEN LOSS 67% in environment No losses in environment

 Advantages
• Slow down the process of nitrification of urea.
• Neem Coated Urea reported improved yield up to 48%
• Decrease urea requirement by 50%.
• Controls soil born nematodes, termites and other pest due to pesticidal properties.
• Improved storage and handling properties of urea.
• Reduced nutrient loss by leaching and immobilization.
• It is a Next Generation Urea Coating Agent.
• Slow release of nitrogen helps fertility of soil.
• Reduces nitrogen loss by more than 10% saving Rs 13.5 per bag.
• May reduce subsidy bill by Rs 6,500 Cr.
• Can eliminate import of urea.
 Applications

• Growing a high-value crop (e.g., a seed crop)

• Applying on fields subject to high losses of N, for example:

a) light-textured, leachable soils
b) low-lying, heavy soils at risk of ponding and de nitrification
losses

• Applying in a field that borders a stream, river, lake, etc.

• Applying in fields with limited opportunities for repeat

applications due to expected weather patterns, field / crop
conditions, distance, or labor / equipment issues

• Application to contest plots to ensure constant nitrogen supply.

 Conclusions

Urea is the most important nitrogenous fertilizers in the world and in India as well. The use
efficiency of urea of urea-nitrogen is still below 50% in most of the cropping situations. Urea-
nitrogen is lost from soil through different routes. This lost nitrogen may contaminate air and
water, eventually results in its lower availability to crops plants. The urea-nitrogen is made
available to the crops by the process of nitrification in soil. The higher speed of nitrification can
result in increased nitrogen losses. The synthetic nitrification inhibitor did not find devour with
Indian farmers primarily due to their higher cost.
In this direction, however, coating of urea with neem oil has been find quite effective in
India. The neem coated urea is cheaper and helps to preserve nitrogen in soil. On average, the
nitrogen use efficiency of NCU is 10 per cent more over the prilled urea. The Government of
India (GOI) is encouraging the use of NCU in the country. In near future, whole amount of urea
produced or imported in country would be neem coated. This will help to improve crop yields,
reduce nitrogen losses, environmental degradation and can increase income of Indian farmers.
 References

LOADING
• Singh S. and Shivay Y.S., 2003 “Coating of prilled urea with ecofriendly neem
formulations for efficient nitrogen use”, Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 51(1), pp.
53–59 (2003).

• Bhatt R., Sharma M., Kaur G., 2006 “Relative performance of neem coated urea
vis-à-vis ordinary urea applied to rice and wheat.

• Jat M.L. and Pal S.S, 2002 “Relative efficiency of neem emulsion coated and
prilled urea in rice and wheat cropping”, Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
72 (9) : 548-50, September 2002.

• Bharde N., Shivay Y.S., Kumar D., Singh S., Productivity and economics of rice-
wheatcropping system as influenced by neem oil treated urea. 76 (9) : 550-3,
August 2006.
• Thind H., Singh B., Pannu R. et-al 2010 “Managing neem coated urea and ordinary
urea in wheat for improving nitrogen-use efficiency and high yields” Gupta R., Singh
G., Vashistha M. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 80 (11): 960–4, November
2010

• Shukla U.S., and Chauhan R.P.S, 1998, “Efficiency of coated urea materials for rice
under partially reclaimed sodiac soil” indIan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 68 (I) :
42-3, January 1998.

• Kharub A.S., and Chander S., 2010, “ Integrated plant nutrient supply in rice-wheat
system” Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 80 (4): 282-6, April 2010.
 YOU
THANK
 Any
questions
?