CAUSES OF BEARING FAILURE

 Improper Lubrication - 43%

– How Much, How Often, What Type, What Thickness,
– What Properties are Important
 Improper Mounting - 27%
– Alignment, Work Area, General Practices, Inventory
Control and Storage of Bearings
 Other Lubrication Causes - 21%
– Separation in Storage
– Temperature Limit Exceeded
– Moisture Contamination
– Other Contamination
 Fatigue - 9% Ultimate L10 Life Expectancy
64% of Bearing Failures are Lubrication Related IS
Not The Whole Story
In the Industry We Serve, Most Bearings Fail Due To
Some Form of CORROSION
CHESTERTON
 INDUSTRIES SERVED

CHESTERTON
 INDUSTRIES SERVED

CHESTERTON
 EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON BEARING
LIFE

MOBIL OIL REPRINT

Fatigue Life
Water Content of
Base Oil Description Reduction, Test Equipment Author Reference
Wet Oil, %
Percent
Mineral Oil -Dried 0.002 48
0.014 54 4-Ball Scott, 1960
3.00 78
6.00 83
Squalene Oil 1.000 32-43 4-Ball Schatzberg & Felsen, 1969
Not Stated,
Mineral Oil-Dried Moist 80 4-Ball Ciruna & Szieleit, 1972
environment
Esters 0.050 29-73 #204 Bearings Fein, 1969
Mineral Oil-Based Angular Contact
1.00 45 Felsen,1972
Hydraulic Oil Bearings

CHESTERTON
 WATER WASHOUT RESISTANCE
ASTM D1264 (DIN 51807)

Grease Packed Bearings

Water, 80oC (175oF)

% Weight Loss of Grease Measured

 Typical Grease (Lithium) - 5%
 Water Resistant Grease <2%
 Exceptional < 0.5%

CHESTERTON
 WATER CONTAMINATION
REDUCES BEARING LIFE SIGNIFICANTLY
% REDUCTION IN FATIGUE LIFE

90

80
83
78
70

60

50
48
40

30

20

10

0.002 3.0 6.0

% WATER IN OIL

 Mobil Oil evaluation on bearing fatigue life

– 0.002% water reduces fatigue life 48%
– 6.0% water reduces fatigue life 83%
– 0.002% water is 1 drop of water in a quart of oil
 FRETTED SHAFTS & SLEEVES

 When shaft scoring occurs. A

newly installed Lip Seal riding
in same location on shaft will
leak.

 Water penetrates the bearing

immediately…in all cases
corrosion is RAPID and Bearing
Life is reduced

^30K^
CHESTERTON Contacts Here
 Fretted Shafts & Sleeves

 When shaft scoring occurs. A

newly installed Lip Seal riding
in same location on shaft will
leak. A SpediSleve Seal is
often used.

 While an improvement, the seal

eventually fails, water
penetrates the bearing
immediately…in all cases
corrosion is RAPID and Bearing
Life is reduced

^30K^
CHESTERTON Contacts Here
 Numerous Self-Fretting Bearing Seals
Available

Some are just metallic

shields as OEM

^30K^
CHESTERTON Contacts Here
 Conventional Bearing Lip Seals
Testing Data
CIC 7810-192 CIC 7810-192
Exhibit III Exhibit IV

NATIONAL MEDIAN RANK CR WAVESEAL ®. Percent Failure vs. Hours to Leakage

Hours to Failure( % Failure) Hours to Failure

182 6.7 144 10

0
188 16.32 576 CR
80

% FAILURE
275 25.94 1343
300 35.57 1736 60 NATIONAL
556 45.19 1763
648 54.81 1973 40
772 64.43 1979
20
902 74.06 2946
1264 83.68 2982
1366 93.30 3003 1000 2000 3000 4000
TIME HOURS TO FAILURE
(57 Days) (125 Days)

NATIONAL (Mean Life 645 hours)

CR (Mean Life 1844 hours)
REPRINT FROM A CR INDUSTRIES REPORT
CHESTERTON
 CORROSION PROTECTION
Salt Fog Performance - ASTM B117

Lithium
Complex Film Thickness
12 microns
37 microns
Aluminum
Complex

# 615 HTG

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Hours to Failure

CHESTERTON
 BALL AND ROLLER BEARING LUBRICATION
(OIL AND GREASES)
Shaft Diameter Operating Lubricant
Temperatures Recommended
<2.5cm 2.5cm- 5.1cm- 7.1 cm- 10.2cm
5.1cm 7.1cm 10.2cm Oil Viscosity
Sec. @ 38oC Greases
<1” 1” to 2” 2” to 3” 3” to 4” Over 4” (100oF) NLGI No.

Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to Below 0oC (32oF) 150 to 185 0 to 1

1,000rpm 500rpm 300rpm 200rpm 100rpm 0oC (32oF) to 38oC (100oF) 250 to 350 1
38oC (100oF) to 93oC (200oF) 400 to 1,000 2
Over 93oC (200oF) 1,500 to 2,500 2 to 3

1,000 to 500 to 300 to 200 to 100 to Below 0oC (32oF) 150 to 185 0 to 1
3,000rpm 1,500rpm 1,000rpm 750rpm 500rpm 0oC (32oF) to 38oC (100oF) 250 to 350 1
38oC (100oF) to 93oC (200oF) 400 to 600 2
Over 93oC (200oF) 700 to 1,000 2

3,000 to 1,500 to 1,000 to 750 to 500 to Below 0oC (32oF) 90 to 120 0 to 1

10,000rpm 5,000rpm 3,000rpm 2,000rpm 1,000rpm 0oC (32oF) to 38oC (100oF) 150 to 185 0 to 1
38oC (100oF) to 93oC (200oF) 250 to 350 1
Over 93oC (200oF) 500 to 1,000 2

Over Over Over Over Over Below 0oC (32oF) 33 to 85 0 to 1

10,000rpm 5,000rpm 3,000rpm 2,000rpm 1,000rpm 0oC (32oF) to 38oC (100oF) 50 to 110 0 to 1
38oC (100oF) to 93oC (200oF) 75 to 250 1
Over 93oC (200oF) 350 to 550 2

CHESTERTON
 BALL AND ROLLER BEARING LUBRICATION
(OIL AND GREASES)
Shaft Diameter Operating Lubricant
Temperatures Recommended
<2.5cm 2.5cm- 5.1cm- 7.1 cm- 10.2cm
5.1cm 7.1cm 10.2cm Oil Viscosity Greases
Sec. @ 38oC NLGI No.

Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to Below 0oC 150 to 185 0 to 1

1,000rpm 500rpm 300rpm 200rpm 100rpm 0oC to 38oC 250 to 350 1
38oC to 93oC 400 to 1,000 2
Over 93oC 1,500 to 2,500 2 to 3

1,000 to 500 to 300 to 200 to 100 to Below 0oC 150 to 185 0 to 1

3,000rpm 1,500rpm 1,000rpm 750rpm 500rpm 0oC to 38oC 250 to 350 1
38oC to 93oC 400 to 600 2
Over 93oC 700 to 1,000 2

3,000 to 1,500 to 1,000 to 750 to 500 to Below 0oC 90 to 120 0 to 1

10,000rpm 5,000rpm 3,000rpm 2,000rpm 1,000rpm 0oC to 38oC 150 to 185 0 to 1
38oC to 93oC 250 to 350 1
Over 93oC 500 to 1,000 2

Over Over Over Over Over Below 0oC 33 to 85 0 to 1

10,000rpm 5,000rpm 3,000rpm 2,000rpm 1,000rpm 0oC to 38oC 50 to 110 0 to 1
38oC to 93oC 75 to 250 1
Over 93oC 350 to 550 2

CHESTERTON
 615 HIGH TEMPERATURE GREASE
 Very High Dropping Point, 300oC ( 570oF)
 Temperature Range - 40oC to 204oC (- 40oF to 400oF)
 Excellent Shear Resistance
 Excellent Shock Load and Wear Properties
 Very High Timken O.K. Load 29 kg (65 lbs.)
 Good Compatibility with Popular Greases
 Very High Water Washout Resistance, Below 1.6% Loss
 Extreme Water Tolerance (Add 30% Water and Still Get 20
kg (45 lbs.) Timken)
 Excellent Corrosion Resistance
 Highest Rating Possible for Automotive Bearing and
Chassis Lubrication, NLGI GC-LB

CHESTERTON
 615 HTG #1
 “Best in Class” Extreme Pressure Properties and
Antiwear Characteristics
 Exceptional Corrosion Protection
 Excellent Oxidation Resistance, Long Grease Life
 Excellent Resistance to Water Washout and
Contamination
 Easily Pumpable, Good in Central Lubrication Systems
 Shear Stability and Grease Performance Maintained
Over Wide Temperature Range
 Measurably Longer Bearing Life
 Temperature Range - 40oC to 204oC (- 40oF to 400oF)

CHESTERTON
 615 HTG #1

General Rule of Thumb on Where to Use

615 # 1 Vs. the Standard 615:

 Where Operating Speeds are Higher

 Where Average Operating Temperatures are Lower

 When Customer Wants to Use in Automatic Lubrication

System

See Pocket Guide for Reference on Specific Operating Conditions

CHESTERTON
 TEMPERATURE
EFFECT ON GREASE LIFETIME

“ Most Mineral-Oil-Based Greases (of Adequate Dropping Point)

Will Operate Successfully to About 121oC (250oF).

A Smaller Number Can Handle 150oC (300oF). A Few Mineral-

Oil-Based Greases Can Operate to About 177oC (350oF).”

 Relubrication Intervals - Rolling Element Bearings, 8 hours per Day

82oC (180oF) - 6 Months
104oC (220oF) - 3 Months
149oC (300oF) - 1 Month
193oC (380oF) - 1 Week
238oC (460oF) - 1 Day

Source: NLGI, Lubricating Grease Guide

CHESTERTON
 LUBRI-CUP®
 Demand Feed System -
Patented Metering System, Slowly
Feeds Grease Only as Needed
 Prevents Over or Under Filling of
Bearings
– Eliminates Cause of Over 40% of
Bearing Failures
 Low Feed Pressure Prevents
Bearing Seal Failure
 Time Interval for Relubrication
Increased by 6x
 Reduces Labor Cost to Regrease by
Over 80%
 Can Be Mounted at Any Angle
 Transparent Grease Reservoir -
Easy to See Grease Level
 Easy to Refill in Place

CHESTERTON
 REFILLING THE LUBRI-CUP®

Refilling Lubri-Cup® with 615

CHESTERTON
 BEARING LIFE EXTENSION with
LUBRICUP and 615 GREASE

CHESTERTON
 615 HTG – Vibration Analysis
Dryer Fan, Horizontal Bearing, Paper Mill
10.000

7.500
Vibration, Khz

615 HTG APPLIED

5.000
Alarm@4.0Khz
Acceptable@3.0Khz
2.5000

20/10/99 14/11/99 09/12/99 03/01/00 28/01/00

MPM Multiparamater Receiver, Wilcoxon Model 782A Sensor

CHESTERTON
 615 Additive Plating Technology

615 smoothes out

surface roughness,
reduces wear and
vibration. Extends
bearing life.

CHESTERTON
 615 Additive Plating Technology

CHESTERTON
 615 HTG – Technology Overview
Chesterton's 615 is formulated using a surplus of Lubricity, EP and Anti-Wear additives,
blended into a highly refined G III base oil, and thickened with a metallic organo-
sulfonate complex. The resulting grease is "Best in Class" with respect to EP, Lubricity,
Corrosion & Water Resistance.
Unlike conventional Aluminum, Calcium, & Lithium soap and complexed thickeners,
Chesterton 615 is immune to hydrolysis or water breakdown. The grease remains
functional even in heavy water contaminated bearings and equipment.
Chesterton's 615, with QBT (Quiet Bearing Technology) uses state of the art
tribological technology to reduce vibration and ultra-sonic bearing noise. Proprietary
polar and non-polar additives and thickener chemically fuse to the metal surfaces filling
in asperities to form a "wear shield" on the metal surfaces.

This fusion of lubricating additives and thickeners

to the molecular surface of the metal, protects the bearings from
WEAR, PRESSURE and WATER CORROSION.

CHESTERTON