EGYPTIAN

CIVILIZATION
 EGYPTIAN
CIVILIZATION
● Egyptian Civilization Developed Along The Nile
River In Large Part Because The River’s Annual
Flooding Ensured Reliable, Rich Soil For Growing
Crops.
● Repeated Struggles For Political Control Of Egypt
Showed The Importance Of The Region's
Agricultural Production And Economic Resources.
● The Egyptians Kept Written Records Using A
Writing System Known As Hieroglyphics.
● Egyptian Rulers Used The Idea Of Divine Kingship
And Constructed Monumental Architecture To
Demonstrate And Maintain Power.
● Ancient Egyptians Developed Wide-reaching Trade
Networks Along The Nile, In The Red Sea, And In
The Near East.
 ● Protected by the water and desert, the
civilization was able to grow into Egypt and
surrounding colonies.
● The Nile would flood each year starting in
July and lasting until November. This flood
provide new, rich soil for the Egyptians and
would wash away the waste.

● The seas around the civilization served a

barrier against war and disease.
● The inhabitants of the Nile River Valley
Civilization depended heavily on farming.
● Close proximity to the Nile allowed easy
access to water needed for crops.
● Seasonal flooding fertilized the land for the
next year's crops.
 EGYPTIAN
STRUCTURES
EGYPTIAN PYRAMID PYRAMIDS -
● The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-
shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.
● Rigid structures that held pharaoh at the top
followed by priests, artisans, farmers, and finally
slaves.
● The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those
found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Several
of the Giza pyramids are counted among the
AERIAL VIEW OF GIZA
largest structures ever built.
● The Pyramid of Khufu is the largest Egyptian
pyramid. It is the only one of the
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in
existence.
● In pyramid the burial chamber was above ground
almost in the mid height of the pyramid.
 TEMPLES -
● Egyptian temples were built for the official
worship of the gods and in commemoration of
THE TEMPLE OF ISIS AT PHILAE the pharaohs in ancient Egypt and regions
under Egyptian control.
● Temples were seen as houses for the gods or
kings to whom they were dedicated.
● There were two types of Egyptian temples;
Mortuary temples built for the defied Pharaohs
and Cult temples for ancient mysterious Gods.
● The temples had no specific orientation but had
ENTRANCE PYLON OF LUXOR TEMPLE
a central axis.
● A walled open court with colonnade around,
lead to a covered colonnaded vestibule or
hypostyle hall which further lead to the
sanctuary.
● Chapels and rooms for priests surrounded the
sanctuary. When the temple was dedicated for
more than one god the sanctuary was also
more.
CAIRO
 CAIRO
● Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt.
● Country - Egypt
Governorate - Cairo
Founded - 969 AD
Founded by - Fatimid dynasty
● In 969, the Fatimid empire ruled over Egypt with an army
of Kutamas, and under the rule of Jawhar Al Saqili, a new
fortified city northeast of Fustat was established. It took
four years to build the city, initially known as al-
Manṣūriyyah, which was to serve as the new capital of the
caliphate.
● The area around present-day Cairo, especially Memphis,
which was the old capital of Egypt, had long been a focal
point of Ancient Egypt due to its strategic location just
upstream from the Nile Delta.
THE WESTERN DESERT AT SAKKARA ● Though the Pyramids at Giza, Sakkara and Dahshur are
located just outside of Cairo, these vast monuments
were not temples visited by the living; they were
temples to the dead. They stood guard over vast "cities
of the dead," or necropoles
● The pyramids at Giza are part of the largest remaining
CAIRO IN THE 19TH CENTURY necropolis, which included funerary temples as well as
the Sphinx. These structures were built by a chain of
successive pharaohs in a line from grandfather to great-
grandson.
● The Cairo area was not deserted during the Ancient
Egyptian period.
● British troops remained in the country until 1956.
During this time, urban Cairo, spurred by new bridges
and transport links, continued to expand to include the
upscale neighbourhoods of Garden City, Zamalek, and
Heliopolis.
● Cairo's population has doubled since the 1960s,
reaching close to seven million
 CAIRO
● Early history -
The first urban master plan of Cairo was
formulated in 1956. This plan proposed 6 suburban
communities which were more or less industrial
towns in nature, of which the only one that realized
was Hilwan new town in the south. Among the two
proposed suburban development, the only one that
MASTER PLAN OF 1973 has materialized was Nasr City.

● Master plan of 1973 -

The Master Plan of 1970 was formulated in a situation where the urban areas were
going through drastic changes and rapid expansion. The plan was approved in 1973. The
target population was set for the year 1990, with the projected population in the range
of 14.7 to 16 million, which turned out to be a little too high from today’s perspective.
The plan defined the ring road as the outward boundary for urbanization of the city
agglomeration, and proposed new urban communities outside of the urban areas in
order to accommodate the rapidly growing population.
 ● Master plan of 1982 -
The master plan was started in 1980 with the
assistance from France, as a joint undertaking with
GOPP.
This third master plan estimated the increase in
population up to the year 2000 as 16 to 16.5 million,
and made a plan to accommodate this mostly inside
of the ring road and NUCs outside of the ring road.
MASTER PLAN OF 1982
Historical Change of Built-up Area
C
A
I
R
O
THANK
YOU

RACHANA -
1BQ16AT054
SANJANA -
1BQ16AT055
MEGHALA -