Basic Electricity - Refresher Course Davao

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com
• Most people don’t understand what electricity is. They just
turn on the lights switch or start the appliance or push the
button and something works. It’s only when we start to
consider the importance of it in our daily personal and
working lives.
• Electricity is a manufactured product. It is not something you

pump out of the ground /mine/ collect from the sun or wind.
Electrical power is manufactured from a rotating machine
that we call electrical generators.
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• Electricity is a form of energy called
electrical energy.
• Electricity is the flow of electrons.
ELECTRICAL
QUANTITIES
 VOLTAGE- is the electrical force that moves electrons through
a conductor. Voltage is electrical pressure also known
as EMF (Electro Motive Force) that pushes electrons.
 VOLTAGE is measured in volts.
TERMS OF ELECTRICITY
 CURRENT is the electron flow pushed

by voltage.
 AMPERES unit of current
 RESISTANCE opposes current flow.
 OHMS unit of resistance
CURRENT FLOW THEORIES
• CONVENTIONAL THEORY
• ELECTRON THEORY
Introduction to
Digital Multimeter (DMM)
Introduction
• What is a Digital Multi-tester (DVOM)

- A DVOM is one of the most useful tools used in
troubleshooting or installing electrical and electronic systems.
It is utilized in order to diagnose a electric and electrical
problems correctly on the first attempt. Thus, reducing repair
time
• - It provides basic information about a circuit:

Voltage = E , Resistance = R , Current = I
Parts of a DVOM
Digital Display
*Shock protector
Bar graph meter

Range selector
Unit of measure
Rotary Knob/
ModeSelector
“Common” jack
Ground
Input Jack/s
DVOM Handling
• Observe proper polarity when testing.
• Situate the DVOM on a rigid surface to be held secure.
• Avoid dropping the unit.
• Do not use the test lead/s for scraping.
• Do not expose the unit on a damp or where high
moisture is present.
How to use a DVOM
Voltage Reading
In measuring voltage, attach
the black/negative lead to a
Good ground and the red/
Positive lead on the line to
Be tested.
The connection is held:
Parallel to the circuit.

How to use a DVOM
In Current
measurement, the
Ammeter subjected to
be included in the
circuit, thus passing
the electrical current
into it.
How to use a DVOM
Continuation……
In this example, the relay

contact is bypassed by the
ammeter leads to complete
the circuit.
How to use a DVOM
Resistance reading
How to use a DVOM
Common mistakes upon Resistance
readings
Utilizing Pre-fixes based on
Resistance readings
How to test a Diode
Ohmmeter *Plus Features
Basic Circuit
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
An ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT is a closed loop
formed by a POWER SOURCE, CONDUCTORS,
WORKING DEVICES or LOADS, CONTROL
DEVICES and PROTECTION DEVICES.
TYPES OF CIRCUITS
SERIES CIRCUIT
Current through each load resistance is the same.

Total resistance in the circuit is the sum of load resistance
Total voltage drop equals the source voltage
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
 Voltage across each load resistance is the same.

 Current flow through each load will be different if the
load resistances are different.
 Equivalent resistance of the circuit is less than the
lowest load resistance.
 Total current in the circuit equals the sum of the branch
currents
 OHM’S LAW says: The current in the circuit
is directly proportional to the applied voltage
and inversely proportional to the amount of
resistance.
Circuit Protection
1.
1. Fuse body
Fuse body blows
blows toto shut
shut off
off
the current
the current when
when abnormal
abnormal
current flows
current flows through
through it.it.
2. Fuse causes fatigue failure by
repeated on-off of
instantaneous rush current.
3.
3. Fusible link
Fusible link or
or slow-blow
slow-blow fusefuse
Blade fuse
Blade fuse becomes commonly
becomes commonly used.
used. is installed
is installed toto prevent
prevent
instantaneous rush
instantaneous rush current
current
from blowing
from blowing aa fuse
fuse easily.
easily.
• They are
They are installed
installed between
between
positive terminal
positive terminal onon battery
battery
and the fuse.
•• Circuit breaker is also
installed depending on
machine model.
Fusible link
Slow-blow fuse
TYPES OF ELECTRICITY
ACTIONS OF CURRENT
 HEAT GENERATION
ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO THERMAL ENERGY
 CHEMICAL REACTION
CHEMICAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
 ELECTROMAGNETISM
ELECTRICITY CAN BE USED TO PRODUCE
MAGNETISM
ELECTROMAGNETIC
RELAY
The relay is a device used to control a large flow of current by
means of a low voltage, low current circuit.
A relay is a magnetic switch.
When a relay's coil is magnetized, its attractive force
pulls the lever arm, called and armature, toward the coil.
Battery relay
Battery relay
DIODE
Function of diode
Function of diode
Function of diode
TRANSISTOR
STARTING SYSTEM
ALTERNATOR

Basic Electricity - Refresher Course Davao

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www.brightonmachinery.

• Electricity is a manufactured product. It is not something you

• Electricity is the flow of electrons.

 VOLTAGE is measured in volts.

 CURRENT is the electron flow pushed

 RESISTANCE opposes current flow.

 OHMS unit of resistance

• What is a Digital Multi-tester (DVOM)

• - It provides basic information about a circuit:

Bar graph meter

The connection is held:

Parallel to the circuit.

In this example, the relay

Current through each load resistance is the same.

 Voltage across each load resistance is the same.

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