University of Khartoum

Faculty of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
4TH year project

Energy Analysis of Reheat Organic Rankine

Cycle System:
Supervised by: Dr. Momin E. Abdalla.
Presented by:
Elzubair Babiker.
-

-Abdalla Mohammed.
-Almoanna Mohamed.

1
Overview Of Presentation:

• Objective.
• Introduction.
• Methodology.
• Result .
• Discussion.
• Future work.

2
Objective:
 This project compares the predicted organic Rankine
reheat cycle performance of low global warming
potential working fluid R1234ze, alternatives to R245fa
and R227ea over a wide range of evaporating
temperatures and condensing temperatures for a given
thermal power input.

3
4
Vapor Power Cycles:
Vapor power cycles are external
combustion systems in which the
working fluid is alternatively vaporized
and condensed.
There are two types of vapor power cycles:
 Carnot power cycle.
 Rankine power cycle.

5
Vapor Power Plant
 The fuel is burnt, hot flue gases are used to produce
vapor in the steam generator. This steam so produced
is expanded in a turbine to do work.

6
Khartoum North Thermal Power Plant 7
Rankine vapor cycle:
Many of the impracticalities associated with the
Carnot cycle can be eliminated by superheating
the steam in the boiler and condensing it
completely in the condenser

8
 Process 1-2:
Fluid enters the pump at state 1 as
saturated liquid and is compressed
isentropically to the operating pressure
of the boiler.
 Process 2-3:
Fluid enters the boiler as a compressed
liquid at state 2 and leaves as a
superheated vapor at state 3.
 Process 3-4:
The superheated vapor at state 3
enters the turbine, where it expands
isentropically and produces work.
 Process 4-1:
Steam leaves the condenser as
saturated liquid and enters the pump,
completing the cycle.

9
Reheat Rankine Cycle:
(Process 1–2):
steam expands through a first-stage turbine to some pressure between the
steam generator and condenser pressures.
(Process 2–3):
Steam is then reheated in the steam generator.
(Process 3–4):
the steam expands in a second-stage turbine to the condenser pressure.
(Process 4-1):
Fluid is pumped again to recycle.

10
Advantages of RRC:
High thermal efficiency.
Reduced feed water pump power.
Small condenser.
Small boiler.
Long life of turbine.
Less handling of fuel and firing
requirement.

11
What is ORC??

12
 ORC is named for its use of an organic high
molecular mass fluid with a liquid vapor phase
change ,or boiling point, occurring at lower
temperature than the water-steam phase change.
The fluid allows Rankine cycle heat recovery from
low temperature sources such as biomass
combustion ,industrial waste heat, geothermal
heat, solar ponds etc.
The low temperature heat is converted into useful
work that can itself be converted into electricity.

13
 Nowadays, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
represents an attractive technology both for small-
scale power production and for the exploitation of
low-temperature heat sources and this for the
following advantages:
Higher efficiency.
Flexibility.
Safety.
Low maintenance requirement. Note:
The main differences between
conventional and organic
Rankine cycles lie in the
adoption of an organic fluid, and
the selection of the working fluid
is essential to optimize the
system performances.

14
Materials and Methodology:
The organic Fluids which have been dealt
with are:
R227ea.
R245fa.
R1234ze.

15
 A thermodynamic model has been developed to evaluate
the performances of low-temperature Organic Rankine
Cycles. The model is integrated with the REFPROP
database to define the properties of the organic fluids. A
steady state condition has been assumed, while pressure
drops and heat losses in system components have been
neglected. Thermal efficiency and net specific work
have been used as performance indicators.
 Commercial software package was used for equations
solutions and charts drawing.

16
Results and discussion:
An investigation on the energetic
performances of Organic Rankine Cycles
with reheat (ORRCs) for the exploitation
of low temperature heat sources has been
done.
 The influence of the system
configurations and operating conditions
on the ORC behavior has been analyzed.

17
 The effect of the evaporation
temperature on the net specific work is
shown in Figure 1a. The higher the
thermal level, the higher the work.
 As an example, at 280°C R1234ze
guarantees a specific work equal to
112.5 kJ/kg while the corresponding
value reduces to 92 and 79 kJ/kg when
R245fa and R227ea are adopted,
respectively.
-the above figure illustrates a
progressive decrease in the thermal
efficiency with the evaporation
temperature .
- At 280°C the cycle performance is
26.1% for R1234ze and about 23.6% fo
R245fa about 22% for R227ea, .
18
the above figure illustrates a slight decrease in the
thermal efficiency with the pressure.
The maximum efficiency which is 12% occurs in
R1234ze at pressure equal to 5 Mpa.

19
The present work has investigated the
energetic performances of Organic Rankine
Cycles (ORCs) for the exploitation of low
temperature heat sources, using
R227ea,R245fa and R1234ze as working
fluids, then the working fluids were
compared and it found that R1234ze has the
highest thermal efficiency and highest net
power over a wide range of evaporating and
condensing temperatures.

20


21