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  • Birth of A Nation (Of Drug Users)

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    Jon Pinkston
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    The document traces the history of drug regulation in the United States from the late 18th century to the 1970s. It notes that illicit drugs were already present at the country's founding and that early drug laws focused on taxation and consumer protection of patent medicines. Racist fears and the temperance movement contributed to increasingly stricter regulation and criminalization of certain drugs over time. Key milestones included the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act, the 1914 Harrison Narcotics Act, Prohibition in the 1920s, and the 1970 Controlled Substances Act.

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    History of Drug Policy in US

    Original Title

    HistoryOfDrugPolicyUS

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    The document traces the history of drug regulation in the United States from the late 18th century to the 1970s. It notes that illicit drugs were already present at the country's founding and that early drug laws focused on taxation and consumer protection of patent medicines. Racist fears and the temperance movement contributed to increasingly stricter regulation and criminalization of certain drugs over time. Key milestones included the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act, the 1914 Harrison Narcotics Act, Prohibition in the 1920s, and the 1970 Controlled Substances Act.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views12 pages

    Birth of A Nation (Of Drug Users)

    Uploaded by

    Jon Pinkston
    The document traces the history of drug regulation in the United States from the late 18th century to the 1970s. It notes that illicit drugs were already present at the country's founding and that early drug laws focused on taxation and consumer protection of patent medicines. Racist fears and the temperance movement contributed to increasingly stricter regulation and criminalization of certain drugs over time. Key milestones included the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act, the 1914 Harrison Narcotics Act, Prohibition in the 1920s, and the 1970 Controlled Substances Act.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    BIRTH OF A NATION

    (OF DRUG USERS)

     1789 the US Constitution ratified

     Already, all the major illicit drugs of abuse were present in the country,
    cocaine, opium, alcohol, etc
    1791 – WHISKEY TAX

     Government placed excise tax on sale of spirits

     Many westerns refused to pay the tax, leading to the “Whiskey Rebellion”

     1794 President George Washington organized militia forces, the Whisky


    Rebellion quietly ended under threat of military action
    ISSUES
     Fraud in patent LEADING
    medicines TO
    that were sold LEGISLATION
    directly to the public
     False therapeutic claims
     Habit-forming drug content
    ISSUES LEADING TO LEGISLATION

    In the early 1900s, Collier’s


    magazine ran a series of articles
    attacking patent medicines—
    “Great American Fraud”
    1906 PURE FOOD AND DRUGS ACT

     Administrated by Department of Agriculture

     Prohibited interstate commerce of misbranded items

     Required accurate labeling and listing of ingredients

     Beginning of the Food & Drug Administration (FDA)


    AMENDMENTS / OTHER BILLS TO 1906 ACT
     The 1906 act was primarily about consumer protection

     1912 Sherley Amendment


     Drug cannot make fraudulent claims

     1938 Food, Drug, Cosmetic Act


     Application must be submitted to FDA before a drug could be sold
     FDA now became gatekeeper for new drugs
     Beginning of prescription for medications

     1962 Kefauver-Harris amendments


     Following thalidomide scare, drugs had to demonstrate effectiveness
    REFORMISM

     Racist fears about deviant


    behavior, including drug
    misuse, played a role in the
    development of drug regulation

     Laws were developed to


    regulate undesirable behaviors
    HAMILTON WRIGHT

     Father of American Narcotics Laws

     Felt opium/cocaine addiction was the


    scourge of humanity
    1914 HARRISON NARCOTICS ACT

     Administered by Department of Treasury

     Physicians could prescribe drugs for illnesses

     Required dispensers of cocaine and opiates to register,


    pay a fee

     Note, it was a tax law, no one would try to prohibit use


    1920 - PROHIBITION

     The US passed the 18th Amendment prohibiting the sale of alcohol in 1920

     Narcotics Division was placed inside Prohibition Unit


     Interpretation of the 1914 law became to change
     De facto prohibition of drugs
     Physicians arrested
     Illicit drug trade increased
    STIFFER PENALTIES

     1956 Narcotic Control Act


     Jail for drug possession
     Death Penalty for sale to minors

     1965 Drug Abuse Control Amendments


    1970 - COMPREHENSIVE DRUG ABUSE
    PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT

     Recognized need for “clean slate” for drug policy


     Did away with many harsh penalties

     Increased funding for research and treatment (Dept Health and Human Ser)

     Drugs would be controlled directly, rather than through tax law


     Enforcement fell to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) in the Dept of Justice

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