VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR.

SAGUNTHALA R&D INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

BIOMATERIALS ENGINEERING
(1154BT101)
1) Stainless Steel : Fe-C-Cr

2) Cobalt- Chromium Alloy : Co-Cr

a)CoCrMo
b)CoNiCrMo

3) Titanium and Titanium alloys

a) Ti-6Al-7Nb
b) Ti-13Nb-13Zr
c) Ti-12Mo-6Zr
4. SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are novel and Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are novel
and special materials special materials
„They can They can “remember” their shape when heated above a certain transition
temperature above a certain transition temperature
Also called muscle wires
 Shape Memory Alloys Shape Memory Alloys
History

First discovered by Arne First discovered by Arne Olande in 1938

He observed the shape and recovery ability of a gold-cadmium alloy
( cadmium alloy (Au- Cd)

W.J. Buehler and Wang at the US at the US Naval Ordinance Laboratory

1963

observed the shape memory effect in a nickel and titanium alloy, today
known as known as nitinol nitinol (“Night in All ”; Nickel Titanium Naval
Ordinance Lab).
• Crystallography: (left) Austenite: austenitic phase (B2) is microstructurally ordined, (right) Martensite

lattice structures: martensitic phase (B19’) is less symmetric.

The SME was first discovered in an equiatomic alloy of nickel and titanium
(TiNi or NiTi, Nitinol).

The NiTi alloy exhibits the SME near room temperature.

One Way and Two Way SAM
Comparison of Nitinol with that of stainless steel
 Applications in Dentistry

Archwires
SMA-based orthodontic applications, and take
advantage of the superelasticity of the SMA. The
motivation for such a successful exploitation of
SMA materials is connected to the material’s
ability to apply to the teeth almost constant
forces during dental repositioning, obtained as a
consequence of the bone-remodeling process

Orthodontic Nitinol Archwires. Treatment sequence.

 ORTHOPEDICS
• To obtain an effective soldering or union between two disjoint bone segments, essential
• aspects are stable fixation and proper compression action between the two segments.
Accordingly,
• fractured bones are treated with a fixation device that should strengthen the bone
• and keep the correct alignment during healing and maintain sufficient stable.

Superelastic Staple.
Clogged arteries result from a buildup of a substance called plaque on the inner
walls of the arteries
 STENTS in Coronary angioplasty 
• A stent is a tiny tube that your doctor can insert into a blocked passageway to keep
it open. The stent restores the flow of blood or other fluids, depending on where it's
placed. Stents are made of either metal or plastic. Stent grafts are larger stents used
for larger arteries.
 Dental Amalgam Alloys

• Dental amalgams are popular dental alloys made by mixing liquid mercury with powdered alloys
of silver (~65%), tin (~29%), copper (~6%), zinc (2%), etc., and the resulting pasty material is
packed in the dental cavity.
• The reaction of mercury with the Ag-Sn intermediate phases (mainly Ag3Sn) leads to the setting
of the amalgam in about a day and the final content of mercury is about 45–55%
• The amalgam develops adequate compressive strengths to restore the chewing surfaces,
which are subjected to heavy forces.
• Since there is no adhesion between the tooth and the amalgam, the dimensional
stability of the amalgam during the setup and its ability to reproduce the contour of the
cavity is crucial for its long-term stability.

• The presence of mercury, a known toxic material, has aroused controversy on the use
of amalgams and a mercury-free amalgam based on gallium (commercial brand name